Erratum to: Melatonin Alleviates Acute Gouty Inflammation In Vivo and In Vitro

The authors examined the original data of their work and noticed some mistakes.The ELISA kit was bought from IBL Co.Germany instead of Abcam Co,UK.The anti-NLRP3,anti-IL-1βand anti-caspase-1 primary antibodies were from CST Co,USA.There were 31 acute gout patients and 25 gout patients in remission who met the American Rheumatism Society(ACR)diagnostic criteria of gout in this study,and 7 normal individuals were recruited as controls.The authors sincerely apologize for the mistakes and confirm that the changes do not affect the scientific conclusion of the published work.

Melatonin Alleviates Acute Gouty Inflammation In Vivo and In Vitro

The aim of this study was to identify the effects of melatonin on acute gouty inflammation and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.We found significantly lower serum melatonin levels in gout patients in the acute phase than in those in the remission phase or in normal individuals.The mRNA expression of melatonin receptor 2(MT2)was also lower in gout patients than in normal individuals.To verify the in-vivo role of melatonin,a gouty arthritis model was established by intraarticular injection of monosodium urate(MSU,1 mg)crystals into the paws of C57BL/6 mice.Joint inflammation in the mouse model was evaluated by measuring the thickness of the right paw/left paw,and the inflammation index was determined by examining infiltrating neutrophils with haematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining.Melatonin was found to reduce both paw thickness and the inflammation index in the mouse model,and melatonin also reduced the mRNA levels of interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β),IL-6 and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3)inflammasome.To mimic gouty inflammation in vitro,mouse peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharides(LPS)plus MSU.Melatonin was revealed to reduce IL-1βsecretion by stimulated macrophages.The mRNA expression levels of IL-1βand IL-6 were also inhibited by melatonin.Western blot analysis showed that the expression of NLRP3,caspase-1 and pro-IL-1βwas also inhibited by melatonin.In conclusion,our study demonstrated that melatonin alleviated gouty inflammation in vivo and in vitro,and the underlying mechanism may involve inhibiting the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome.

Erratum to: Melatonin Alleviates Acute Gouty Inflammation In Vivo and In Vitro

The authors examined the original data of their work and noticed some mistakes.The ELISA kit was bought from IBL Co.Germany instead of Abeam Co,UK.The anti-NLRP3,anti-IL-lp and anti-caspase-1 primary antibodies were from CST Co,USA.There were 31 acute gout patients and 25 gout patients in remission who met the American Rheumatism Society(ACR)diagnostic criteria of gout in this study,and 7 normal individuals were recruited as controls.The authors sincerely apologize for the mistakes and confirm that the changes do not affect the scientific conclusion of the published work.

Cardiovascular events in hyperuricemia population and a cardiovascular benefit-risk assessment of urate-lowering therapies:a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Hyperuricemia and gout have become public health concerns;many important guidelines have recommended xanthine oxidase inhibitors(XOIs)as the first-line urate-lowering therapies(ULTs)to treat chronic gout with hyperuricemia.However,whether treating hyperuricemia and gout with ULTs modifies cardiovascular risks remains controversial.The aim of this study was to assess the incident risk of cardiovascular(CV)events(CVE)in hyperuricemia population,assess the cardiovascular benefit-risk of ULTs in hyperuricemia patients with or without gout in diverse cardiovascular risk sub-groups,and specify the safety of different ULTs.Methods:We searched PubMed,Embase,the Cochrane Library,Wanfang,Chongqing VIP(CQVIP,en.cqvip.com),and China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database for prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials(RCTs)in English and Chinese.Potential medications included XOIs,and uricosurics.RCTs were divided into sub-groups analysis based on blinding status and patients’history of CV diseases.Risk ratios(RRs)were calculated and were reported with corresponding 95%confidence intervals(CIs)by fixed-effects or random-effects model.Results:Seven prospective cohort studies and 17 RCT studies were included.The risks of both major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)(RR=1.72,95%CI 1.28-2.33)and CVE(RR=1.35,95%CI 1.12-1.62)were higher in the hyperuricemia population than non-hyperuricemia one.In seven RCT studies where XOIs were compared with no-treatment or placebo,the results of five low CV risk studies showed that XOIs lowered the risks of both MACE(RR=0.35,95%CI 0.20-0.62)and CVE(RR=0.61,95%CI 0.44-0.85);whereas two high CV risk studies showed that XOIs lowered the risk of CVE(RR=0.69,95%CI 0.54-0.88)rather than MACE(RR=0.62,95%CI 0.29-1.35).In nine RCT studies where the cardiovascular safety between febuxostat and allopurinol were compared,no statistical difference was found in the risk of MACE or CVE.Conclusions:The hyperuricemia population does have a higher incidence of CVE,and the results suggested that XOIs might reduce the incidence of MACE and total CVE.In addition,from the perspective of cardiovascular safety,febuxostat equaled allopurinol in our meta-analysis.