When Newton became the President of the Royal Society, he proposed corpuscle concept (wave-particle duality) to destroy the fruitions of Hooke and Huygens, because Newton mistook Hooke and Huygens as his enemies. Ther...When Newton became the President of the Royal Society, he proposed corpuscle concept (wave-particle duality) to destroy the fruitions of Hooke and Huygens, because Newton mistook Hooke and Huygens as his enemies. Thereafter, this erroneous concept governed the scientific world for more than one hundred years. This paper will reveal the mystery: why corpuscle concept could govern the scientific world for one hundred years after Newton’s death. In the beginning of last century, photon, a palingenesis of Newton’s corpuscle, was proposed by Einstein again, as a sudden whim, because Planck strongly opposed this wrong concept, since 1907, Einstein strongly doubted this concept. Finally, Einstein disappointedly said: “The quanta really are a hopeless mess.” This paper will reveal the mystery: why photon concept can govern the scientific world until now, and give the evidences for the actual nature of light.展开更多
We study the spontaneous symmetry breaking of dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates trapped in stacks of two-well systems, which may be effectively built as one-dimensional trapping lattices sliced by a repelling laser sh...We study the spontaneous symmetry breaking of dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates trapped in stacks of two-well systems, which may be effectively built as one-dimensional trapping lattices sliced by a repelling laser sheet. If the potential wells are sufficiently deep, the system is modeled by coupled discrete Gross-Pitaevskii equations with nonlocal self- and cross-interaction terms representing dipole-dipole interactions. When the dipoles are not polarized perpendicular or parallel to the lattice, the cross- interaction is asymmetric, replacing the familiar symmetric two-component solitons with a new species of cross-symmetric or -asymmetric ones. The orientation of the dipole moments and the interwell hopping rate strongly affect the shapes of the discrete two-component solitons as well as the characteristics of the cross-symmetry breaking and the associated phase transition. The sub- and super-critical types of cross-symmetry breaking can be controlled by either the hopping rate between the components or the total norm of the solitons. The effect of the interplay between the contact nonlinearity and the dipole angle on the cross-symmetry breaking is also discussed.展开更多
文摘When Newton became the President of the Royal Society, he proposed corpuscle concept (wave-particle duality) to destroy the fruitions of Hooke and Huygens, because Newton mistook Hooke and Huygens as his enemies. Thereafter, this erroneous concept governed the scientific world for more than one hundred years. This paper will reveal the mystery: why corpuscle concept could govern the scientific world for one hundred years after Newton’s death. In the beginning of last century, photon, a palingenesis of Newton’s corpuscle, was proposed by Einstein again, as a sudden whim, because Planck strongly opposed this wrong concept, since 1907, Einstein strongly doubted this concept. Finally, Einstein disappointedly said: “The quanta really are a hopeless mess.” This paper will reveal the mystery: why photon concept can govern the scientific world until now, and give the evidences for the actual nature of light.
基金Acknowledgements Tile authors appreciate the very useful discussion with Prof. Boris A. Malomed. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 11575063, 61471123, and 61575041, and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province under Grant No. 2015A030313639.
文摘We study the spontaneous symmetry breaking of dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates trapped in stacks of two-well systems, which may be effectively built as one-dimensional trapping lattices sliced by a repelling laser sheet. If the potential wells are sufficiently deep, the system is modeled by coupled discrete Gross-Pitaevskii equations with nonlocal self- and cross-interaction terms representing dipole-dipole interactions. When the dipoles are not polarized perpendicular or parallel to the lattice, the cross- interaction is asymmetric, replacing the familiar symmetric two-component solitons with a new species of cross-symmetric or -asymmetric ones. The orientation of the dipole moments and the interwell hopping rate strongly affect the shapes of the discrete two-component solitons as well as the characteristics of the cross-symmetry breaking and the associated phase transition. The sub- and super-critical types of cross-symmetry breaking can be controlled by either the hopping rate between the components or the total norm of the solitons. The effect of the interplay between the contact nonlinearity and the dipole angle on the cross-symmetry breaking is also discussed.
