Non-thermal laser driven plasma-blocks for proton boron avalanche fusion as direct drive option

Fusion energy from protons reacting with ^(11) B,HB11,is extremely difficult or impossible when using thermal ignition by laser irradiation.This changes radically when using picosecond laser pulses with powers above petawatts dominated by nonlinear force driven ultrahigh ac-celeration of plasma blocks for a non-thermal initiation of igniting solid density HB11 fuel.For a cylindrical trapping of the reaction,laser produced ultrahigh magnetic fields above kiloTesla,have to be combined.The experimentally confirmed highly increased HB11 fusion gains due to avalanche reaction may lead to a scheme of an environmentally clean and economic power reactor.

Extreme CPA Laser Pulses for Igniting Nuclear Fusion of Hydrogen with Boron-11 by Non-thermal Pressures for Avoiding Ultrahigh Temperatures

Ten million times more compact energy than from burning carbon can be obtained from nuclear fusion reactions corresponding to equilibrium temperature reactions in the range above 100 million degrees.Following the energy gain in stars,one has to gain nuclear energy from slamming very light nuclei where however the extremely high temperatures above 100 million degrees are needed for the sufficient pressures at thermal equilibrium ignition.A radically new option works with non-thermal pressures of picosecond laser pulses at ultrahigh optical powers by nonlinear forces of ponderomotion.The nuclear fusion of hydrogen with the isotope 11 of boron produces primarily harmless helium and has no problems with dangerous radioactive waste and excludes any catastrophic melt-down as fission reactors,it has the potential to be of low costs and can supply the Earth for more than 10,000 years with electricity.

Ultrahigh Acceleration of Plasma Blocks by Nonlinear Forces for Side-On Laser Ignition of Solid Density Fusion Fuel

A fundamental difference of very high intensity laser interaction with plasmas from solid targets appears with lasing at picosecond （ps） pulse durations in contrast to pulses of nanosec-onds （ns）. This can be seen from the more than 10,000 times higher acceleration with ps pulse du-rations than with thermal pressure determined interaction. A ps pulse duration produces instantly acting high-efficiency nonlinear （ponderomotive） electrodynamic force dominated acceleration in contrast to heating with longer pulses. The ps pulses accelerate high-density plasma blocks. This can be used by a new scheme of side-on driven laser fusion with generating a flame ignition in uncompressed fusion fuel of solid density resulting in a reaction velocity of more than 2000 km/s for DT.

Inhomogeneous Dielectric Target Properties for Increased Non-thermal Pressure in Laser Boron Fusion by CPA-Pulses

Based on the documentation of the invited paper and the subsequent discussion at a virtual conference,discoveries are indicated,which are summarized in the following paper for further evaluation on the topic of non-thermal forces using terms of extremely powerful components of Maxwell’s stress tensor at the interaction of CPA(chirped pulse amplification)laser pulses in the fusion plasmas of hydrogen with the isotope 11 of boron.This is caused by a recoil mechanism given by the Fresnel formulas of the suppression of the reflectivity of inhomogeneous plasma given by optical constants of the plasma properties.

Fighting Climatic Change by NASEM with Help of Non-thermal Optical Laser Pressure

For de-carbonisation of chemical energy generation,the use of ten million times higher nuclear energy per reaction is considered by the report of NASEM(National Academies of Science,Engineering and Medicine)of the USA.This is considered with nuclear fusion reactions needing thermal pressures at many million degrees.This difficulty can be overcome by recent results of non-thermal pressures from very extreme CPA(Chirped Pulse Acceleration)laser pressures,with the clean fusion of hydrogen and boron=11 eliminating nuclear radiation problems.

Dark Energy and Extreme CPA Laser Pulses for Non-thermal Igniting Laser Boron Fusion

The difficulty with pressures at equilibrium temperatures in the range of dozens of hundred millions of°C for igniting nuclear fusion,can be overcome by the non-thermal pressures from interacting electric and magnetic laser fields with varying optical constants at laser interaction shown by nonlinear forces.Their domination at the just reached picosecond CPA(chirped pulse acceleration)laser pulses at ultra-extreme powers led to measurements of laser fusion of hydrogen with boron-11 with orders of magnitudes higher energy gains than the earlier known classical low gains.These types of field densities without optical line radiation may be considered as an interstellar plasma state within galaxies representing the dark matter and dark energy.

First Option for Fusion with CPA-Laser Pulses instead of Thermal Pressures with Dozens of Million Degrees Temperature for Laser-Boron-Fusion

To avoid the > 50 million degree temperatures in pressures for fusion,the goal has now been reached that higher pressures from picosecond CPA-laser pulses of more than 10 PW power can ignite nuclear fusion at modest temperatures in a power reactor for generating electricity.Gerard Mourou,who was honoured with the 2018 Physics Nobel Prize,was involved to solve this crucial problem of fusion energy with the reactor design as co-authors(Hora,H.,Korn,G.,Giuffrida,L.,Margarone,D.,Picciotto,A.,Krasa,J.,Jungwirth,K.,Ullschmied,J.,Lalousis,P.,Eliezer,S.,Miley,G.H.,Moustaizis,S.,and Mourou,G.,Laser and Particle Beams 33,2015:607)using the CPA Chirped Pulse Amplification.