为探讨香梨节水灌溉模式,提高水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)和产量,于2021–2022年在新疆29团5年生香梨园开展灌溉方式和灌溉定额双因素完全随机试验,设置了3种微灌方式:地表滴灌(M1)、地下滴灌(M2)、根区渗灌(M3),3种灌溉定...为探讨香梨节水灌溉模式,提高水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)和产量,于2021–2022年在新疆29团5年生香梨园开展灌溉方式和灌溉定额双因素完全随机试验,设置了3种微灌方式:地表滴灌(M1)、地下滴灌(M2)、根区渗灌(M3),3种灌溉定额:低水(I1)、中水(I2)、高水(I3),以传统漫灌(CK)为对照,研究不同灌溉方式和灌溉量对土壤电导率和脱盐率、香梨生长、产量、WUE、果实品质和净效益的影响。结果表明:M2的产量和WUE最高,且可以促进香梨生长,提高果实品质以及促进盐分淋洗。M3前期的投入成本最大,但获得的净利润仅次于M2。灌溉方式相同时,增加灌溉定额有利于香梨生长、提高产量和盐分淋洗。基于主成分分析、优劣解距离法和秩和比法3种综合评价方法从环境效益、果实品质和经济效益3个方面,选取15个评价指标进行综合评价,M2I3处理综合得分最高,M1I1处理综合得分最低。因此,对矮化密植初果期的香梨进行灌溉时,推荐地下滴灌模式且生育期灌溉定额为6 750 m^(3)/hm^(2)。研究可为南疆干旱区林果业节水控盐高效生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。展开更多
Developing effective irrigation and drainage strategies to improve the quality of saline-alkali soil is vital for enhancing agricultural production and increasing economic returns. In this study, we explored how irrig...Developing effective irrigation and drainage strategies to improve the quality of saline-alkali soil is vital for enhancing agricultural production and increasing economic returns. In this study, we explored how irrigation and drainage modes (flood irrigation, drip irrigation, and sub-surface pipe drainage under drip irrigation) improve the saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang, China. We aimed to study the transport characteristics of soil water and salt under different irrigation and drainage modes, and analyze the effects of the combination of irrigation and drainage on soil salt leaching, as well as its impacts on the growth of oil sunflower. Our results show that sub-surface pipe drainage under drip irrigation significantly reduced the soil salt content and soil water content at the 0–200 cm soil depth. Under sub-surface pipe drainage combined with drip irrigation, the mean soil salt content was reduced to below 10 g/kg after the second irrigation, and the soil salt content decreased as sub-surface pipe distance decreased. The mean soil salt content of flood irrigation exceeded 25 g/kg, and the mean soil desalination efficiency was 3.28%, which was lower than that of drip irrigation. The mean soil desalination rate under drip irrigation and sub-surface pipe drainage under drip irrigation was 19.30% and 58.12%, respectively. After sub-surface drainage regulation under drip irrigation, the germination percentage of oil sunflower seedlings was increased to more than 50%, which further confirmed that combined drip irrigation and sub-surface pipe drainage is very effective in improving the quality of saline-alkali soil and increasing the productivity of agricultural crops.展开更多
Code smell is the product of improper design and operation,which may be introduced in many situations.It will cause serious problems for further software development and maintenance.Currently,most code smell detection...Code smell is the product of improper design and operation,which may be introduced in many situations.It will cause serious problems for further software development and maintenance.Currently,most code smell detection methods detect through a single type of software data.There are restrictions on detecting code smells with complex definitions and characteristics.In this paper,an approach of applying multi-dimensional software data is proposed.A complex network was built through structural data and historical version data,and code smell instances were determined by searching the network.We designed two smells detection strategies were designed and evaluated them in four open source projects.The results demonstrate that the proposed method has 23%and 15%higher F-measures on Shotgun Surgery and Parallel Inheritance Hierarchy than the existing mainstream detection ways.The code smell detection based on multi-dimensional software data and complex network is effective,and this method of processing multidimensional software data is also applicable for data-driven software research.展开更多
文摘为探讨香梨节水灌溉模式,提高水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)和产量,于2021–2022年在新疆29团5年生香梨园开展灌溉方式和灌溉定额双因素完全随机试验,设置了3种微灌方式:地表滴灌(M1)、地下滴灌(M2)、根区渗灌(M3),3种灌溉定额:低水(I1)、中水(I2)、高水(I3),以传统漫灌(CK)为对照,研究不同灌溉方式和灌溉量对土壤电导率和脱盐率、香梨生长、产量、WUE、果实品质和净效益的影响。结果表明:M2的产量和WUE最高,且可以促进香梨生长,提高果实品质以及促进盐分淋洗。M3前期的投入成本最大,但获得的净利润仅次于M2。灌溉方式相同时,增加灌溉定额有利于香梨生长、提高产量和盐分淋洗。基于主成分分析、优劣解距离法和秩和比法3种综合评价方法从环境效益、果实品质和经济效益3个方面,选取15个评价指标进行综合评价,M2I3处理综合得分最高,M1I1处理综合得分最低。因此,对矮化密植初果期的香梨进行灌溉时,推荐地下滴灌模式且生育期灌溉定额为6 750 m^(3)/hm^(2)。研究可为南疆干旱区林果业节水控盐高效生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51741908)
文摘Developing effective irrigation and drainage strategies to improve the quality of saline-alkali soil is vital for enhancing agricultural production and increasing economic returns. In this study, we explored how irrigation and drainage modes (flood irrigation, drip irrigation, and sub-surface pipe drainage under drip irrigation) improve the saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang, China. We aimed to study the transport characteristics of soil water and salt under different irrigation and drainage modes, and analyze the effects of the combination of irrigation and drainage on soil salt leaching, as well as its impacts on the growth of oil sunflower. Our results show that sub-surface pipe drainage under drip irrigation significantly reduced the soil salt content and soil water content at the 0–200 cm soil depth. Under sub-surface pipe drainage combined with drip irrigation, the mean soil salt content was reduced to below 10 g/kg after the second irrigation, and the soil salt content decreased as sub-surface pipe distance decreased. The mean soil salt content of flood irrigation exceeded 25 g/kg, and the mean soil desalination efficiency was 3.28%, which was lower than that of drip irrigation. The mean soil desalination rate under drip irrigation and sub-surface pipe drainage under drip irrigation was 19.30% and 58.12%, respectively. After sub-surface drainage regulation under drip irrigation, the germination percentage of oil sunflower seedlings was increased to more than 50%, which further confirmed that combined drip irrigation and sub-surface pipe drainage is very effective in improving the quality of saline-alkali soil and increasing the productivity of agricultural crops.
基金Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2008085MF189,1908085MF206)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.61402007)the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministry.
文摘Code smell is the product of improper design and operation,which may be introduced in many situations.It will cause serious problems for further software development and maintenance.Currently,most code smell detection methods detect through a single type of software data.There are restrictions on detecting code smells with complex definitions and characteristics.In this paper,an approach of applying multi-dimensional software data is proposed.A complex network was built through structural data and historical version data,and code smell instances were determined by searching the network.We designed two smells detection strategies were designed and evaluated them in four open source projects.The results demonstrate that the proposed method has 23%and 15%higher F-measures on Shotgun Surgery and Parallel Inheritance Hierarchy than the existing mainstream detection ways.The code smell detection based on multi-dimensional software data and complex network is effective,and this method of processing multidimensional software data is also applicable for data-driven software research.
