Blockchain-Based MCS Detection Framework of Abnormal Spectrum Usage for Satellite Spectrum Sharing Scenario

In this paper, the problem of abnormal spectrum usage between satellite spectrum sharing systems is investigated to support multi-satellite spectrum coexistence. Given the cost of monitoring, the mobility of low-orbit satellites, and the directional nature of their signals, traditional monitoring methods are no longer suitable, especially in the case of multiple power level. Mobile crowdsensing(MCS), as a new technology, can make full use of idle resources to complete a variety of perceptual tasks. However, traditional MCS heavily relies on a centralized server and is vulnerable to single point of failure attacks. Therefore, we replace the original centralized server with a blockchain-based distributed service provider to enable its security. Therefore, in this work, we propose a blockchain-based MCS framework, in which we explain in detail how this framework can achieve abnormal frequency behavior monitoring in an inter-satellite spectrum sharing system. Then, under certain false alarm probability, we propose an abnormal spectrum detection algorithm based on mixed hypothesis test to maximize detection probability in single power level and multiple power level scenarios, respectively. Finally, a Bad out of Good(BooG) detector is proposed to ease the computational pressure on the blockchain nodes. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed framework.

Semaphorin 7A impairs barrier function in cultured human corneal epithelial cells in a manner dependent on nuclear factor-kappa B

●AIM:To evaluate the role of semaphorin 7A(Sema7A)and its associated regulatory mechanisms in modulating the barrier function of cultured human corneal epithelial cells(HCEs).●METHODS:Barrier models of HCEs were treated with recombinant human Sema7A at concentrations of 0,125,250,or 500 ng/mL for 24,48,or 72h in vitro.Transepithelial electrical resistance(TEER)as well as Dextran-fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)permeability assays were conducted to assess barrier function.To quantify tight junctions(TJs)such as occludin and zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)at the mRNA level,reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)analysis was performed.Immunoblotting was used to examine the activity of the nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway and the production of TJs proteins.Immunofluorescence analyses were employed to localize the TJs.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and RT-PCR were utilized to observe changes in interleukin(IL)-1βlevels.To investigate the role of NF-κB signaling activation and IL^(-1)βin Sema7A’s anti-barrier mechanism,we employed 0.1μmol/L IκB kinase 2(IKK2)inhibitor IV or 500 ng/mL IL^(-1)receptor(IL-1R)antagonist.●RESULTS:Treatment with Sema7A resulted in decreased TEER and increased permeability of Dextran-FITC in HCEs through down-regulating mRNA and protein levels of TJs in a time-and dose-dependent manner,as well as altering the localization of TJs.Furthermore,Sema7A stimulated the activation of inhibitor of kappa B alpha(IκBα)and expression of IL-1β.The anti-barrier function of Sema7A was significantly suppressed by treatment with IKK2 inhibitor IV or IL-1R antagonists.●CONCLUSION:Sema7A disrupts barrier function through its influence on NF-κB-mediated expression of TJ proteins,as well as the expression of IL-1β.These findings suggest that Sema7A could be a potential therapeutic target for the diseases in corneal epithelium.

Robust optical mode converter based on topological waveguide arrays

Optical mode converters are essential for enhancing the capacity of optical communication systems. However, fabrication errors restrict the further improvement of conventional mode converters. To address this challenge, we have designed an on-chip TE0–TE1mode converter based on topologically protected waveguide arrays. The simulation results demonstrate that the converter exhibits a mode coupling efficiency of 93.5% near 1550 nm and can tolerate a relative fabrication error of 30%. Our design approach can be extended to enhance the robustness for other integrated photonic devices, beneficial for future development of optical network systems.

Immunomodulation of Proton-activated G Protein-coupled Receptors in Inflammation

Proton-activated G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs),initially discovered by Ludwig in 2003,are widely distributed in various tissues.These receptors have been found to modulate the immune system in several inflammatory diseases,including inflammatory bowel disease,atopic dermatitis,and asthma.Proton-activated GPCRs belong to the G protein-coupled receptor family and can detect alternations in extracellular pH.This detection triggers downstream signaling pathways within the cells,ultimately influencing the function of immune cells.In this review,we specifically focused on investigating the immune response of proton-activated GPCRs under inflammatory conditions.

ICL植入术后拱高大于1000μm的中高度近视患者疗效观察

目的:观察有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体(ICL)植入术后拱高大于1000μm的中高度近视患者的疗效。方法:回顾性研究。选择2014-01/2017-01在我院接受ICL植入术且术后拱高大于1000μm的中高度近视患者42例73眼。比较患者术前及术后1、3、6mo,1a以及末次随访时的视力、眼压、角膜内皮细胞密度、前房相关参数(房角、中央前房深度和前房容积)以及拱高的变化情况。结果:术后1、3、6mo,1a以及末次随访时的裸眼视力(UCVA)均优于术前(均P<0.05),房角、中央前房深度和前房容积均低于术前(均P<0.05),但术后各时间点的UCVA、房角、中央前房深度和前房容积比较均无差异(均P>0.05)。术后1mo时眼压低于术前(P<0.05),但术后3、6mo,1a以及末次随访时的眼压与术前比较均无差异(均P>0.05)。术后1、3、6mo,1a以及末次随访时的角膜内皮细胞密度与术前比较均无差异(均P>0.05)。术后1、3、6mo,1a以及末次随访时的拱高呈逐渐降低趋势,术后各时间点拱高比较均有差异(均P<0.05)。结论:ICL植入术后拱高大于1000μm的中高度近视患者的近远期疗效较好,对患者眼压、角膜内皮细胞无明显影响,术后前房结构较稳定,且拱高随时间推移呈下降趋势,密切观察即可,一般不需要更换。

Analysis of Strength Training in the Training of Shot-Putters

The shot put is a sport that requires very high explosive power and precise technique.Strength training occupies the core position in the training of shot-putters,which can not only improve the throwing distance of athletes but also enhance their competitive state and prevent sports injuries.The purpose of this paper is to analyze the principles,classification,methods,and specific exercises of strength training in the training of shot-putters,in order to provide scientific training guidance for shot-putters.

Application of transmesenteric vein extrahepatic portosystemic shunt in treatment of symptomatic portal hypertension with cavernous transformation of portal vein

Purpose:To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a transmesenteric vein extrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TmEPS)for the treatment of cavernous transformation of the portal vein(CTPV).Materials and methods:The clinical data of 20 patients with CTPV who underwent TmEPS between December 2020and January 2022 at Henan Provincial People’s Hospital were retrospectively collected.The superior mesenteric vein(SMV)trunk was patent or partially occluded in these patients.An extrahepatic portosystemic shunt between the inferior vena cava and the SMV was established using a stent graft through an infraumbilical median longitudinal mini-laparotomy.The technical success,efficacy,and complication rates were evaluated,and the preand postoperative SMV pressures were compared.Patients’clinical outcomes and shunt patency were assessed.Results:TmEPS was successfully performed in 20 patients.The initial puncture success rate of the balloon-assisted puncture technique is 95%.The mean SMV pressure decreased from 29.1±2.9 mmHg to 15.6±3.3 mmHg(p<0.001).All symptoms of portal hypertension resolved.No fatal procedural complications occurred.During the follow-up period,hepatic encephalopathy occurred in two patients.The remaining patients remained asymptomatic.All shunts were patent.Conclusions:TmEPS is a feasible,safe,and effective treatment option for patients with CTPV.

Observer-Based Path Tracking Controller Design for Autonomous Ground Vehicles With Input Saturation

This paper investigates the problem of path tracking control for autonomous ground vehicles(AGVs),where the input saturation,system nonlinearities and uncertainties are considered.Firstly,the nonlinear path tracking system is formulated as a linear parameter varying(LPV)model where the variation of vehicle velocity is taken into account.Secondly,considering the noise effects on the measurement of lateral offset and heading angle,an observer-based control strategy is proposed,and by analyzing the frequency domain characteristics of the derivative of desired heading angle,a finite frequency H_∞index is proposed to attenuate the effects of the derivative of desired heading angle on path tracking error.Thirdly,sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee robust H_∞performance of the path tracking system,and the calculation of observer and controller gains is converted into solving a convex optimization problem.Finally,simulation examples verify the advantages of the control method proposed in this paper.

On Dynamic Channel Emulation in Sector MPAC for Over-the-Air Testing of Beamformed Massive MIMO Devices

In this article,novel emulation strategies for the sectored multiple probe anechoic chamber(SMPAC)are proposed to enable the reliable evaluation of the massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)device operating at beamforming mode,which requires a realistic non-stationary channel environment.For the dynamic propagation emulation,an efficient closed-form probe weighting strategy minimizing the power angular spectrum(PAS)emulation errors is derived,substantially reducing the associated computational complexity.On the other hand,a novel probe selection algorithm is proposed to reproduce a more accurate fading environment.Various standard channel models and setup configurations are comprehensively simulated to validate the capacity of the proposed methods.The simulation results show that more competent active probes are selected with the proposed method compared to the conventional algorithms.Furthermore,the derived closedform probe weighting strategy offers identical accuracy to that obtained with complicated numerical optimization.Moreover,a realistic dynamic channel measured in an indoor environment is reconstructed with the developed methodologies,and 95.6%PAS similarity can be achieved with 6 active probes.The satisfactory results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms are suitable for arbitrary channel emulation.

Association of Comorbid Asthma and the Efficacy of Bioabsorbable Steroid-eluting Sinus Stents Implanted After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps

Objective To identify factors affecting the efficacy of steroid-eluting sinus stents implanted after endoscopic sinus surgery(ESS)in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps(CRSwNP).Methods We performed a post-hoc analysis of a randomized self-controlled clinical trial on post-operative implantation of bioabsorbable steroid-eluting stents in patients with CRSwNP.Univariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify which of the following factors affect the response to post-operative stent implantation:sex,serum eosinophil levels,history of prior surgery,endoscopic scores,and comorbid conditions(asthma and allergic rhinitis).The primary outcome was the rate of post-operative intervention on day 30,and the secondary outcome was the rate of polypoid tissue formation(grades 2–3)on days 14,30,and 90.Results A total of 151 patients with CRSwNP were included in the post-hoc analysis.Asthma was identified as the only risk factor for a poor response to steroid-eluting sinus stents on post-operative day 30,with an odds ratio of 23.71(95%CI,2.81,200.16;P=0.004)for the need for post-operative intervention and 19(95%CI,2.20,164.16;P=0.003)for moderate-to-severe polypoid tissue formation.In addition,the asthmatic group showed higher rates of post-operative intervention and polypoid tissue formation than the non-asthmatic group on post-operative day 30.Blood eosinophil levels were not identified as a risk factor for poor outcomes after stent implantation.Conclusion Comorbid asthma,but not blood eosinophil level,impairs the efficacy of steroid-eluting sinus stents in the short term after ESS in patients with CRSwNP.

Tubing Dimension Optimization for the Development of an Offshore Gasfield

L1 is one of the largest offshore gas fields currently under development.In order to optimize the related design,nodal analysis is applied(including proper consideration of the plant productivity,sensitivity to the tubing size,erosion effects,liquid carrying performance,and tubing string).As a result of such approach,it is shown that 13Cr material should be chosen as the appropriate tubing material.Moreover,3-1/2 inches 9.3 lb/ft N80 tubing,4-1/2 inches 12.75 lb/ft N80 tubing,5-1/2 inches 17 lb/ft N80 tubing should be used for a gas production rate under 80×10^(4)m^(3)/d,between 80×10^(4)m^(3)/d and 120×10^(4)m^(3)/d and above 120×10^(4)m^(3)/d,respectively.

A 10-year fight for vision in a patient with recurrent uveal melanoma:a case report

Dear Editor,Uveal melanoma(UM)is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults[1].We are writing to present a case of recurrent UM.This case presents an important clinical challenge:vision preservation in patients with recurrent anterior UM,especially in young patients.Informed consent was obtained from the patient.This case study adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Beijing Tongren Hospital(approval number:TRECKY2018-056).

论如何通过设计性实验提升学生的综合创新能力——以分光光度法同时测定维生素C和维生素E为例

分光光度法同时测定维生素C和维生素E是一个典型的多组分同时测定实验,但是目前的测试体系对维生素C测定的误差较大(13.65%)。本文基于维生素C和维生素E的分子结构特征,剖析了影响维生素C测试准确度的原因,通过对测试体系进一步优化设计与改进,将测试误差降低至1.98%,实验证明改进后的方法准确度高、重现性好、结果更可靠。以此设计性实验为例,可多方面训练学生针对实际问题并结合理论知识优化实验设计方案,提高综合创新能力。

保护性肺通气对电视胸腔镜外科手术患者术后谵妄和恢复的影响

目的研究保护性肺通气(PLV)对电视胸腔镜外科手术(VATS)患者术后谵妄(POD)及恢复的影响。方法将100例择期VATS下肺癌根治术的患者,随机分为保护性肺通气组(PPV组)52例和传统肺通气组(CPV组)48例。PPV组双肺通气设置:潮气量(VT)8 ml/kg+呼吸末正压(PEEP)5 cmH2O,吸入氧浓度(FIO2)0.7;单肺通气(OLV)设置:VT 6 mg/kg+PEEP 5 cmH2O+肺复张[持续肺充气法:3~5 s内将气道峰压(Ppeak)升到30 cmH2O,持续30 s恢复原状,重复3次],FIO20.7。CPV组双肺通气设置:VT 10 ml/kg,FIO21.0;OLV设置:VT 8 ml/kg,FIO21.0。两组吸呼比=1∶2,调整呼吸频率维持呼吸末二氧化碳分压(PETCO2)35~45 mmHg。通过脑氧饱和度(rSO2)监测脑氧合情况,同时监测术中氧分压(PaO2)和氧合指数(OI);术后每天随访,采用意识错乱评估法(CAM)判定是否发生POD,并记录术后肺部并发症(PPCs)和术后恢复情况。结果PPV组术中PaO2、OI高于CPV组(P<0.05);rSO2发生率低于CPV组(P<0.05);POD和PPCs发生率低于CPV组(P<0.05);且PPV组术后气管导管拔出时间、下床活动时间及引流管拔出时间缩短(P<0.05)。结论PLV提高VATS患者机械通气时血氧饱和度和rSO2,降低POD发生率;并且降低PPCs发生率,加速患者术后恢复。

蓝光聚合交联超吸水高强水凝胶的制备及性能

为协调水凝胶吸水与强度两者间的矛盾,构建了适用于蓝光诱导自由基聚合交联反应的水凝胶前驱液体系,快速、安全地制备超吸水、高强度的水凝胶。文中以樟脑醌(CQ)/二苯基碘金翁六氟磷酸盐(DPI)为蓝光引发剂,5种典型水溶性活性单体,丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)、聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯(PEGDA)配制水凝胶聚合前驱液,在467 nm蓝光LED辐照下制备水凝胶。通过光差示扫描量热系统(Photo-DSC)和光流变系统(Photo-rheology)监测前驱液蓝光聚合效率及实时凝胶性能,以水凝胶材料的吸水率为指标优选蓝光聚合(交联)工艺,并对其物理力学性能进行了评估。结果表明,AM(~90%)、HEA(~40%)体系表现出较高的双键转化率。双官能团单体PEGDA具有最高的储能模量(~1.9×10^5 Pa)和最短的凝胶点时间(37 s),AA,HEMA体系难以形成稳定交联结构,但通过引入交联剂PEGDA能大幅提高凝胶强度、缩短凝胶化时间。含有强亲水性官能团的单体AA体系表现出最佳的吸水率,其聚合交联水凝胶最佳的超吸水配方(均为质量分数,下同)为:1.0%CQ,0.125%~0.25%DPI,0.25%PEGDA(Mn=1000),65%中和度(对AA),光照时间20 min,此时吸水率可达1097%,且经吸水溶胀后仍可保持其结构稳定性。该水凝胶同时具有较高的力学强度,在最佳吸水率配方条件下拉伸应力为约0.44 MPa,拉伸应变可达1040%。

Nitrate-group-grafting-induced assembly of rutile TiO2 nanobundles for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

In this study,an acid-induced assembly strategy for a rutile TiO2 photocatalyst was proposed on the basis of the treatment of lamellar protonated titanate with a concentrated HNO3 solution.Nitrate groups were successfully grafted onto a TiO2 surface and induced the assembly of rutile TiO2 nanorods into uniform spindle-like nanobundles.The resulting TiO2 product achieved a photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 402.4μmol h^?1,which is 3.1 times higher than that of Degussa P25-TiO2.It was demonstrated that nitrate group grafting caused the rutile TiO2 surface to become negatively charged,which is favorable for trapping positive protons and improving charge carrier separation,thereby enhancing photocatalytic hydrogen production.Additionally,surface charges were crucial to structural stability based on electrostatic repulsion.This study not only developed a facile surface modification strategy for fabricating efficient H2 production photocatalysts but also identified an influence mechanism of inorganic acids different from that reported in the literature.

EFFECTS OF VITAMIN D RECEPTOR GENE POLYMORPHISMS ON SUSCEPTIBILITY TO TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS

Objective To investigate the influence of vitamin D receptor （VDR） gene polymorphisms on susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus （T1DM） in the Chinese Han population. Method One hundred and thirty-six Chinese Han people, including 54 T1DM patients and 82 unrelated healthy subjects as control were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism for three restriction sites in the VDR gene, which were ApaI, TaqI, and BamL Results The frequency of B allele of BsmI site in VDR gene was significantly higher in T1DM patients than in healthy subjects （ P = 0. 033 ） while no difference was found between the two groups in the distribution of ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms. Conclusion The BsmI polymorphism of VDR gene may be associated with the susceptibihty to T1DM in the Chinese Han population of Beijing.

CmFTL2 is involved in the photoperiod- and sucrose-mediated control of flowering time in chrysanthemum

The chrysanthemum genome harbors three FT-like genes:CmFTL1 and CmFTL3 are thought to act as regulators of floral induction under long-day(LD)and short-day(SD)conditions,respectively,whereas the function of CmFTL2 is currently unclear.The objective of the present research was to explore the function of CmFTL2 in the determination of flowering time of the photo-insensitive chrysanthemum cultivar‘Floral Yuuka’,both in response to variation in the photoperiod and to the exogenous provision of sucrose.Spraying leaves of‘Floral Yuuka’plants with 50 mM sucrose accelerated flowering and increased the level of CmFTL2 transcription in the leaf more strongly than either CmFTL1 or FTL3 under both long and SD conditions.Transcription profiling indicated that all three CmFTL genes were upregulated during floral induction.The relationship of the CmFTL2 sequence with that of other members of the PEBP family suggested that its product contributes to the florigen rather than to the anti-florigen complex.The heterologous expression of CmFTL2 in the Arabidopsis thaliana ft-10 mutant rescued the mutant phenotype,showing that CmFTL2 could compensate for the absence of FT.These results suggest that CmFTL2 acts as a regulator of floral transition and responds to both the photoperiod and sucrose.

Adaptive evolvement of information age C^4ISR structure

Command, control, communication, computing, intel- ligence, surveillance and reconnaissance （C^4ISR） in information age is a complex system whose structure always changes ac- tively or passively during the warfare. Therefore, it is important to optimize the structure, especially in ambiguous and quick-tempo modern warfare. This paper proposes an adaptive evolvement mechanism for the C^4ISR structure to survive the changeable warfare. Firstly, the information age C^4ISR structure is defined and modeled based on the complex network theory. Secondly, taking the observe, orient, decide and act （OODA） model into consideration, four kinds of loops in the C^4ISR structure are pro- posed and their coefficient of networked effects （CNE） is further defined. Then, the adaptive evolvement mechanisms of the four kinds of loops are presented respectively. Finally, taking the joint air-defense C^4ISR as an example, simulation experiments are im- plemented, which validate the evolvement mechanism and show that the information age C41SR structure has some characteristics of small-world network and scale-free network.

Inhibitory effects of luteolin on TLR3-mediated inflammation caused by TAK/NF-κB signaling in human corneal flbroblasts

AIM: To study the role of luteolin(LUT) in the expression of toll-like receptors 3(TLR3) ligand poly I:C stimulated inflammatory factors in human corneal fibroblasts(HCFs).METHODS: HCFs cells were cultivated with or without LUT or poly I:C.The expression levels of interleukin(IL)-6, IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule(VCAM)-1, as well as intercellular adhesion molecule(ICAM)-1 were measured using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), immunoblotting or reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR) analyses.Immunoblotting was used to assess toll-interleukin-1 receptor-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β(TRIF), TLR3, transforming growth factor-bactivated kinase 1(TAK1), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6(TRAF6), the transcription factor AP-1, as well as transcription factor nuclear factor(NF-κB)–inhibitory protein IκB-α degradation and phosphorylation.Immunofluorescence assays were used to localize the cellular location of the p65 subunit of NF-κB.RESULTS: Corneal fibroblasts exposed to poly I:C demonstrated decreased VCAM-1, ICAM-1, MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8 expression levels upon exposure to LUT in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner.LUT was observed to suppress poly I:C-triggered expression of TLR3, the translocation of NF-κB p65 into cell nuclei, as well as the phosphorylation of TAK, c-Jun, and IκB-α, while no impact on the expression levels of TRIF and TRAF6 were observed.CONCLUSION: LUT suppress the expression of proinflammatory adhesion molecules, chemokines, and cytokines in poly I:C exposed HCFs.These effects are likely mediated through TAK/NF-κB signal attenuation.Therefore, LUT is a candidate molecule that can prevent the TLR3-mediated inflammation response associated with corneal viral infection.