Objective: Smoking is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Sym pathetic responses to cigarette smoking may be implicated in the link between sm oking and cardiovascular disease. We tested the hypothesi...Objective: Smoking is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Sym pathetic responses to cigarette smoking may be implicated in the link between sm oking and cardiovascular disease. We tested the hypothesis that the sympathetic neural responses to smoking are age dependent. Methods: We examined the effects of cigarette smoking and sham smoking on muscle sympathetic nerve activity, bloo d pressure and heart rate in 14 normotensive middle-aged(49±4 years) and 12 yo ung(29±4 years) habitual smokers matched for body mass index(25±2 kg/m2 in bot h groups). Results: Sham smoking had no significant effect on sympathetic drive, blood pressure or heart rate in either group. Cigarette smoking increased heart rate in both middle-aged subjects and young subjects. In comparison to younger subjects, middle-aged smokers showed similar smoking-related increases in sys tolic blood pressure(SBP)[10±3 versus 12±2 mmHg, respectively, not significant (NS)]. Smoking decreased sympathetic nerve activity by 28±12%of baseline value s(P< 0.01) in young subjects. However, muscle sympathetic nerve activity did not change significantly after smoking in middle-aged subjects(5±8%, NS), despit e the increased blood pressures, which would be expected to inhibit sympathetic activity. By contrast, in young subjects, the heart rate increase(22±2 bpm) was greater than that seen in middle-aged subjects(13±2 bpm, P< 0.01). Conclusion s: The autonomic responses to smoking are age dependent. While blood pressure in creases are similar in both groups, young subjects respond to smoking by marked increases in heart rate and suppression of central sympathetic outflow. In middl e-aged subjects, the heart rate increase is less marked, but sympathetic vasoco nstrictor activity is not suppressed.展开更多
文摘Objective: Smoking is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Sym pathetic responses to cigarette smoking may be implicated in the link between sm oking and cardiovascular disease. We tested the hypothesis that the sympathetic neural responses to smoking are age dependent. Methods: We examined the effects of cigarette smoking and sham smoking on muscle sympathetic nerve activity, bloo d pressure and heart rate in 14 normotensive middle-aged(49±4 years) and 12 yo ung(29±4 years) habitual smokers matched for body mass index(25±2 kg/m2 in bot h groups). Results: Sham smoking had no significant effect on sympathetic drive, blood pressure or heart rate in either group. Cigarette smoking increased heart rate in both middle-aged subjects and young subjects. In comparison to younger subjects, middle-aged smokers showed similar smoking-related increases in sys tolic blood pressure(SBP)[10±3 versus 12±2 mmHg, respectively, not significant (NS)]. Smoking decreased sympathetic nerve activity by 28±12%of baseline value s(P< 0.01) in young subjects. However, muscle sympathetic nerve activity did not change significantly after smoking in middle-aged subjects(5±8%, NS), despit e the increased blood pressures, which would be expected to inhibit sympathetic activity. By contrast, in young subjects, the heart rate increase(22±2 bpm) was greater than that seen in middle-aged subjects(13±2 bpm, P< 0.01). Conclusion s: The autonomic responses to smoking are age dependent. While blood pressure in creases are similar in both groups, young subjects respond to smoking by marked increases in heart rate and suppression of central sympathetic outflow. In middl e-aged subjects, the heart rate increase is less marked, but sympathetic vasoco nstrictor activity is not suppressed.
