Annual vaccination is necessary to maintain humoral immunity in the elderly population. However, the factors influencing the response to influenza vaccination have not been completely identified. The aim of this study...Annual vaccination is necessary to maintain humoral immunity in the elderly population. However, the factors influencing the response to influenza vaccination have not been completely identified. The aim of this study was to explore the factors that influenced antibody responses to repeated vaccination using measures that were both objective and quantitative. A total of 111 volunteers aged > 61 years were vaccinated subcutaneously with one dose of influenza vaccine from the 2005-2006 season through the 2009-2010 season. The factors that influenced antibody responses after vaccination were evaluated. The seroprotection rates (PRs) were significantly higher in responders (subjects with a higher antibody titer in the 2005-2006 season) than in nonresponders only in the 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 seasons. PRs after vaccination were significantly higher in seropositive individuals (subjects with a higher prevaccination antibody titer in the 2006-2007 season) than in seronegative individuals for all three virus strains in almost all of the 5 years. Age, gender, and vaccination in the 2004-2005 season did not influence the response. These results suggest that an immune response at a certain time point would predict immune responses only in the near future. However, prevaccination antibody titer in the following season is the ideal predictor for future responses that last over several influenza seasons.展开更多
After HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy), which is a powerful antiviral drug regimen, was introduced into HIV therapy for AIDS patients, AIDS mortality decreased dramatically. The incidence of encephalopathy...After HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy), which is a powerful antiviral drug regimen, was introduced into HIV therapy for AIDS patients, AIDS mortality decreased dramatically. The incidence of encephalopathy among AIDS patients was reported to be 10% to 40% in the past, but the introduction of HAART resulted in a decrease in HIV encephalopathy and an increase in mild CNS-related deficits, which affect the quality of life of AIDS patients. We report the case of an AIDS patient who developed schizophrenia-like delusions associated with encephalopathy. Administration of an antipsychotic drug and hypnotics was effective in relieving the symptoms of patients with insomnia, depressed mood, and delusions. Further information on the neuronal mechanism underlying the mental symptoms observed in our patient will be necessary to understand the process of pathogenesis of the encephalopathy and to devise an adequate clinical strategy for treatment.展开更多
文摘Annual vaccination is necessary to maintain humoral immunity in the elderly population. However, the factors influencing the response to influenza vaccination have not been completely identified. The aim of this study was to explore the factors that influenced antibody responses to repeated vaccination using measures that were both objective and quantitative. A total of 111 volunteers aged > 61 years were vaccinated subcutaneously with one dose of influenza vaccine from the 2005-2006 season through the 2009-2010 season. The factors that influenced antibody responses after vaccination were evaluated. The seroprotection rates (PRs) were significantly higher in responders (subjects with a higher antibody titer in the 2005-2006 season) than in nonresponders only in the 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 seasons. PRs after vaccination were significantly higher in seropositive individuals (subjects with a higher prevaccination antibody titer in the 2006-2007 season) than in seronegative individuals for all three virus strains in almost all of the 5 years. Age, gender, and vaccination in the 2004-2005 season did not influence the response. These results suggest that an immune response at a certain time point would predict immune responses only in the near future. However, prevaccination antibody titer in the following season is the ideal predictor for future responses that last over several influenza seasons.
文摘After HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy), which is a powerful antiviral drug regimen, was introduced into HIV therapy for AIDS patients, AIDS mortality decreased dramatically. The incidence of encephalopathy among AIDS patients was reported to be 10% to 40% in the past, but the introduction of HAART resulted in a decrease in HIV encephalopathy and an increase in mild CNS-related deficits, which affect the quality of life of AIDS patients. We report the case of an AIDS patient who developed schizophrenia-like delusions associated with encephalopathy. Administration of an antipsychotic drug and hypnotics was effective in relieving the symptoms of patients with insomnia, depressed mood, and delusions. Further information on the neuronal mechanism underlying the mental symptoms observed in our patient will be necessary to understand the process of pathogenesis of the encephalopathy and to devise an adequate clinical strategy for treatment.
