In this review,advances in the understanding of the controlling factors and physical mechanisms of tropical cyclogenesis(TCG)are summarized from recent(2018–2022)research on TCG,as presented in the Tenth Internationa...In this review,advances in the understanding of the controlling factors and physical mechanisms of tropical cyclogenesis(TCG)are summarized from recent(2018–2022)research on TCG,as presented in the Tenth International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones(IWTC-10).Observational,theoretical,and numerical modeling studies published in recent years have advanced our knowledge on the influence of large-scale environmental factors on TCG.Furthermore,studies have shown clearly that appropriate convective coupling with tropical equatorial waves enhances the development chances of TCG.More recently,illuminating research has been carried out on analyzing the mechanisms by which oscillations and teleconnections(El Ni˜no Southern Oscillation(ENSO)in particular)modulate TCG globally,in association with changes in the sea surface temperature(SST).In addition to this,recent research has diligently addressed different aspects of TCG.Multiple studies have reported the applicability of unified theories and physical mechanisms of TCG in different ocean basins.Recently,research has been carried out on TCG under different flow pattern regimes,dry air intrusion,importance of marsupial pouch,genesis of Medicanes,wind shear,convection and vertical structure.Furthermore,studies have discussed the possibility of near equatorial TCG provided that there is enough supply of background vertical vorticity and relatively low vertical wind shear.Progress has been made to understand the role of climate change on global and regional TCG.However,there are still significant gaps which need to be addressed in order to better understand TCG prediction.展开更多
This report presents a climatology of the landfall characteristics of tropical cyclones(TCs) by country. Landfalling TCs can produce strong winds, storm surges and severe flooding that may result in loss of life and w...This report presents a climatology of the landfall characteristics of tropical cyclones(TCs) by country. Landfalling TCs can produce strong winds, storm surges and severe flooding that may result in loss of life and widespread damages. Although historically many governments have estimated the frequency of TC landfall for their own country, less work has been undertaken from a global viewpoint. This report addresses that gap by presenting a comparative assessment that may assist global efforts toward disaster risk reduction through improved understanding of the relative level of exposure of countries to TCs. The various aspects of the climatology of TC landfalls for each country are provided. Using the definition of a TC landfall as the intersection of the TC track with a coastline, eleven countries were detected as having an average of at least one landfall per year. China has the highest rate of TC landfalls. The Philippines ranks second and Japan third. A lot of countries that face the North Western Pacific were included in TC-Landfall countries, which is attributed to the high rate of TC formation over the basin.展开更多
文摘In this review,advances in the understanding of the controlling factors and physical mechanisms of tropical cyclogenesis(TCG)are summarized from recent(2018–2022)research on TCG,as presented in the Tenth International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones(IWTC-10).Observational,theoretical,and numerical modeling studies published in recent years have advanced our knowledge on the influence of large-scale environmental factors on TCG.Furthermore,studies have shown clearly that appropriate convective coupling with tropical equatorial waves enhances the development chances of TCG.More recently,illuminating research has been carried out on analyzing the mechanisms by which oscillations and teleconnections(El Ni˜no Southern Oscillation(ENSO)in particular)modulate TCG globally,in association with changes in the sea surface temperature(SST).In addition to this,recent research has diligently addressed different aspects of TCG.Multiple studies have reported the applicability of unified theories and physical mechanisms of TCG in different ocean basins.Recently,research has been carried out on TCG under different flow pattern regimes,dry air intrusion,importance of marsupial pouch,genesis of Medicanes,wind shear,convection and vertical structure.Furthermore,studies have discussed the possibility of near equatorial TCG provided that there is enough supply of background vertical vorticity and relatively low vertical wind shear.Progress has been made to understand the role of climate change on global and regional TCG.However,there are still significant gaps which need to be addressed in order to better understand TCG prediction.
文摘This report presents a climatology of the landfall characteristics of tropical cyclones(TCs) by country. Landfalling TCs can produce strong winds, storm surges and severe flooding that may result in loss of life and widespread damages. Although historically many governments have estimated the frequency of TC landfall for their own country, less work has been undertaken from a global viewpoint. This report addresses that gap by presenting a comparative assessment that may assist global efforts toward disaster risk reduction through improved understanding of the relative level of exposure of countries to TCs. The various aspects of the climatology of TC landfalls for each country are provided. Using the definition of a TC landfall as the intersection of the TC track with a coastline, eleven countries were detected as having an average of at least one landfall per year. China has the highest rate of TC landfalls. The Philippines ranks second and Japan third. A lot of countries that face the North Western Pacific were included in TC-Landfall countries, which is attributed to the high rate of TC formation over the basin.
