Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) is one of the most important greenhouse gases;its concentration and distribution have important implications on climate change. The El Ni?o Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is th...Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) is one of the most important greenhouse gases;its concentration and distribution have important implications on climate change. The El Ni?o Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the Earth’s strongest climate fluctuation on inter-annual time scales and has global impacts. However, to date, there is no research on how ENSO affects the spatial distribution of CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. In this study, we used spatial CO<sub>2</sub> data from the ENVIronmentSATellite (ENVISAT) and the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT), the long duration monthly mean atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> from Mauna Loa Observatory, Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) from Earth System Research Laboratory to analyze the way that ENSO affects spatial distribution of CO<sub>2</sub> concentration in South America, which is affected by ENSO seriously. Our research revealed that monthly CO<sub>2</sub> growth rate has a moderate, positive correlation relationship with MEI. We used geostatistics to predict and simulate the spatial distribution of CO<sub>2</sub> and found that in south of 12°S, CO<sub>2</sub> concentration of ENSO warm episode is lower than the one of ENSO cold and neutral episodes. ENSO impacts CO<sub>2</sub> spatial distribution mainly in November, December, January and February;moderate-high concentration zone of ENSO warm episode more concentrates in the northern part of South America.展开更多
We used OCO-2 products and considered three factors that potentially affect CO_(2) concentration in Indonesia:sea surface temperature(SST),forest fires and vegetation.From 2014 to 2016,CO_(2) concentration in Indonesi...We used OCO-2 products and considered three factors that potentially affect CO_(2) concentration in Indonesia:sea surface temperature(SST),forest fires and vegetation.From 2014 to 2016,CO_(2) concentration in Indonesia showed a trend of increase,which is consistent with the global increase reported by the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite(GOSAT)Project.As an archipelago country,the results indicate that SST has a direct effect on the CO_(2) concentration in Indonesia.Their changing exhibits similar fluctuations;meanwhile,CO_(2) concentration and SST also presented positive correlation.In 2015,the number of fire hotspots suddenly increased to 140,699,because of occurrence of the worst forest fire.Due to special geographic conditions,forest fires did not induce CO_(2) concentration changes in Indonesia,but CO_(2) concentration in the corresponding islands showed a trend of increase.CO_(2) concentration increased in Kalimantan during the occurrence of forest fire in September–October 2014,and CO_(2) concentration increased in Kalimantan and Sumatra during the occurrence of forest fire in September–October 2015.Vegetation indices were stable and presented no correlation with CO_(2) concentration.This study demonstrated that OCO-2 is capable of monitoring CO_(2) concentration at a regional scale;additionally,an effective method for using OCO-2 Level 2 products is proposed.展开更多
文摘Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) is one of the most important greenhouse gases;its concentration and distribution have important implications on climate change. The El Ni?o Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the Earth’s strongest climate fluctuation on inter-annual time scales and has global impacts. However, to date, there is no research on how ENSO affects the spatial distribution of CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. In this study, we used spatial CO<sub>2</sub> data from the ENVIronmentSATellite (ENVISAT) and the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT), the long duration monthly mean atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> from Mauna Loa Observatory, Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) from Earth System Research Laboratory to analyze the way that ENSO affects spatial distribution of CO<sub>2</sub> concentration in South America, which is affected by ENSO seriously. Our research revealed that monthly CO<sub>2</sub> growth rate has a moderate, positive correlation relationship with MEI. We used geostatistics to predict and simulate the spatial distribution of CO<sub>2</sub> and found that in south of 12°S, CO<sub>2</sub> concentration of ENSO warm episode is lower than the one of ENSO cold and neutral episodes. ENSO impacts CO<sub>2</sub> spatial distribution mainly in November, December, January and February;moderate-high concentration zone of ENSO warm episode more concentrates in the northern part of South America.
文摘We used OCO-2 products and considered three factors that potentially affect CO_(2) concentration in Indonesia:sea surface temperature(SST),forest fires and vegetation.From 2014 to 2016,CO_(2) concentration in Indonesia showed a trend of increase,which is consistent with the global increase reported by the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite(GOSAT)Project.As an archipelago country,the results indicate that SST has a direct effect on the CO_(2) concentration in Indonesia.Their changing exhibits similar fluctuations;meanwhile,CO_(2) concentration and SST also presented positive correlation.In 2015,the number of fire hotspots suddenly increased to 140,699,because of occurrence of the worst forest fire.Due to special geographic conditions,forest fires did not induce CO_(2) concentration changes in Indonesia,but CO_(2) concentration in the corresponding islands showed a trend of increase.CO_(2) concentration increased in Kalimantan during the occurrence of forest fire in September–October 2014,and CO_(2) concentration increased in Kalimantan and Sumatra during the occurrence of forest fire in September–October 2015.Vegetation indices were stable and presented no correlation with CO_(2) concentration.This study demonstrated that OCO-2 is capable of monitoring CO_(2) concentration at a regional scale;additionally,an effective method for using OCO-2 Level 2 products is proposed.
