Electromagnetic forming is a high-speed forming technology by which hollow profiles can be compressed or expanded. It is done with a pulsed magnetic field to apply Lorentz’ forces at electrically conductive material....Electromagnetic forming is a high-speed forming technology by which hollow profiles can be compressed or expanded. It is done with a pulsed magnetic field to apply Lorentz’ forces at electrically conductive material. Electromagnetic hollow tube expansion is limited by the fragmentation tendency. This work attempts to use a combination of analytical and computational approach to compute the net tangential stress during tube expansion. A simplified analytical framework to estimate the temporal evolution of plastic stresses present in aluminium alloy AA5052 at low and high applied magnetic pressures is developed based upon dynamic imaging. The time resolved images captured using current synchronised high speed camera record the overall dimensional changes of the tube that is validated by multi-physics simulation of expansion process. Imaging of hollow tube expansions at two selected peak currents has been carried out at various current levels in the range 76 - 160 kA. The direct visualisation of the increase in the tube diameter at two current levels provided a comparison of the developing net tangential stresses in the hollow tube during the undamaged and fragmented expansion. Imaging of tube expansion also facilitates the estimation of the strain rate experienced by the tube and was in the range of ~1700 s<sup>-1</sup> to ~1200 s<sup>-1</sup>. The propensity of fragmentation was found to be due to the level and duration of generated tangential stresses above the yield stress during expansion of the aluminium tubes. Presented study provides a mean of exploiting the enhanced formability of aluminium alloys using electromagnetic forming.展开更多
文摘Electromagnetic forming is a high-speed forming technology by which hollow profiles can be compressed or expanded. It is done with a pulsed magnetic field to apply Lorentz’ forces at electrically conductive material. Electromagnetic hollow tube expansion is limited by the fragmentation tendency. This work attempts to use a combination of analytical and computational approach to compute the net tangential stress during tube expansion. A simplified analytical framework to estimate the temporal evolution of plastic stresses present in aluminium alloy AA5052 at low and high applied magnetic pressures is developed based upon dynamic imaging. The time resolved images captured using current synchronised high speed camera record the overall dimensional changes of the tube that is validated by multi-physics simulation of expansion process. Imaging of hollow tube expansions at two selected peak currents has been carried out at various current levels in the range 76 - 160 kA. The direct visualisation of the increase in the tube diameter at two current levels provided a comparison of the developing net tangential stresses in the hollow tube during the undamaged and fragmented expansion. Imaging of tube expansion also facilitates the estimation of the strain rate experienced by the tube and was in the range of ~1700 s<sup>-1</sup> to ~1200 s<sup>-1</sup>. The propensity of fragmentation was found to be due to the level and duration of generated tangential stresses above the yield stress during expansion of the aluminium tubes. Presented study provides a mean of exploiting the enhanced formability of aluminium alloys using electromagnetic forming.
