税费改革对农户收入增长的影响：实证与解释--以长三角15村跟踪观察农户为例

本文利用长三角地区15个村庄连续11年固定观察数据构建固定效应模型,考察税费改革对这一地区农户收入的影响。研究表明:在控制了农户个体特征、创收能力和社会地位等变量后,税费改革对农户收入具有显著的正效应,平均使农户人均收入提高6.82%。该效应远大于税费减免所带来的直接收入增加。同时,本文还从动态的角度考察了税费改革对农户收入的影响。本文发现:在改革前3年,税费改革对农户收入增长具有显著的正效应。另外,本文利用农业生产函数,讨论了税费改革对农户生产性资本和劳动投入决策的影响。结果表明:税费改革后农户并没有显著增加对农业生产的资本投入和劳动投入。最后,本文基于C—D生产函数讨论了税费改革对农户生产投入要素效率的影响。研究发现:税费改革后,资本和土地的产出弹性显著增加。

Do Nutrition and Health Affect Migrant Workers' Incomes?Some Evidence from Beijing,China

Migrant workers have become a major element of the labor force in Chinese cities, making important contributions to the economy while forming a socially disadvantaged group. Existing research on the relationship between the level of nutrition and health and income in China mainly focuses on farmers living in rural areas. Based on a Mincer equation and using a survey in Beijing, this paper examines the relationship between migrant workers＂ nutrition and health levels and their monthly incomes. We find that the nutrition intake and the body mass index have positive effects on income while duration of illness and daily working hours have negative effects. These conclusions imply that the Chinese Government should put more emphasis on improving migrant workers＇ well-being, including offering educational programs on nutrition and health, and enhancing medical insurance and the old-age insurance system.

An Empirical Analysis of China’s New Cooperative Medical System: From a Policy Perspective

近年来,农民看病难、看病贵、因病致贫、因病返贫等问题日益成为社会关注的焦点。为了减轻农民的医疗支出负担,改变农民无钱治病的状况,2002年中国政府提出建立新型农村合作医疗。本文利用抽样调查数据从农民的需求情况、参与情况、认知情况和获益情况四个方面具体考察了新型农村合作医疗的运行状况。研究表明,目前农民对新型合作医疗具有强烈的需求,但是由于新型合作医疗本身制度设计的问题,影响了一部分农民的参与和制度的可持续发展。