Volatile Solid and Bury Period Influence on Odorous Material Production in Simulating Landfill Treatment

Odor pollution in landfill area has attracted more social attention in China. It is very important to control the generation of odor pollutants in situ. Analyzing odorous materials production form buried waste, simulated columns of different volatile solid (VS) content and different buried period waste were designed. Gas compounds produced from the columns were collected and analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) method. It has remarkable relationship between VS content and concentrations of odorous material. When VS content more than 40%, the total amount of odorous compounds increases remarkably. It can be inferred that reduced VS content of original waste may effective decreasing odorous materials production in landfill area. The old rubbish produced more odorous compounds than that of fresh one in simulated columns.

Improved Efficiency and Stability of Organic Solar Cells by Interface Modification Using Atomic Layer Deposition of Ultrathin Aluminum Oxide

The interfacial contacts between the electron transporting layers(ETLs)and the photoactive layers are crucial to device performance and stability for OSCs with inverted architecture.Herein,atomic layer deposition(ALD)fabricated ultrathin Al_(2)O_(3)layers are applied to modify the ETLs/active blends(PM6:BTP-BO-4F)interfaces of OSCs,thus improving device performance.The ALD-Al_(2)O_(3)thin layers on ZnO significantly improved its surface morphology,which led to the decreased work function of ZnO and reduced recombination losses in devices.The simultaneous increase in open-circuit voltage(V_(OC)),short-circuit current density(J_(SC))and fill factor(FF)were achieved for the OSCs incorporated with ALD-Al_(2)O_(3)interlayers of a certain thickness,which produced a maximum PCE of 16.61%.Moreover,the ALD-Al_(2)O_(3)interlayers had significantly enhanced device stability by suppressing degradation of the photoactive layers induced by the photocatalytic activity of ZnO and passivating surface defects of ZnO that may play the role of active sites for the adsorption of oxygen and moisture.

Cohort profile: design and methods of the Chinese colorectal, breast, lung, liver, and stomach cancer screening trial(C-BLAST)

Given the rapid changes in social structure(urbanization),economic structure(industrialization),and demographic structure(population aging)in China,cancer has become a major public health problem1.Extensive evidence has indicated that screening can decrease cancer mortality,particularly among high-risk groups,and several representative national and regional cancer screening programs have been launched in China to cope with the increasing burden of cancer.

Evaluation of the Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in Chongqing Based on PSR Model

Through a series of exploration based on PSR framework model,for the purpose of building a suitable Chongqing agricultural nonpoint source pollution evaluation index system model framework,combined with the presence of Chongqing specific agro-environmental issues,we build a agricultural non-point source pollution assessment index system,and then study the agricultural system pressure,agro-environmental status and human response in total 3 major categories,develope an agricultural non-point source pollution evaluation index consisting of 3 criteria indicators and 19 indicators. As can be seen from the analysis,pressures and responses tend to increase and decrease linearly,state and complex have large fluctuations,and their fluctuations are similar mainly due to the elimination of pressures and impact,increasing the impact for agricultural non-point source pollution.

单因素考察结合Box-Behnken响应面法优化脑络欣通颗粒制备工艺及对脑卒中大鼠的影响

目的 完善脑络欣通颗粒的生产制造工艺考察研究,筛选出最佳辅料构成和最佳制备工艺条件,为脑络欣通颗粒的开发和应用提供理论和实验基础。方法 通过对脑络欣通颗粒干燥工艺的研究,考察辅料种类、辅料用量以及进风温度。在单因素实验的基础上研究脑络欣通颗粒最佳药物辅料构成,利用综合评分筛选出最佳的辅料种类、最佳的药辅比及最佳的乙醇浓度,再通过使用Box-Behnken响应面法对制备工艺设计进行优化。根据所得工艺进行制粒,对脑卒中模型大鼠进行脑络欣通颗粒剂灌胃给药,初步观察脑络欣通颗粒对脑卒中大鼠的疗效。结果既得颗粒剂干燥工艺研究考察结果中,辅料种类为糊精,辅料用量为5%,进风温度为145℃。脑络欣通颗粒最佳制备工艺:辅料种类为糊精,药辅比为1∶0.5,乙醇体积分数为95%,在此条件下综合评分值为0.872 946。相比脑卒中模型组大鼠,脑络欣通颗粒剂组神经元细胞数目有明显增加,初步推断颗粒剂对脑卒中大鼠有治疗作用。结论采用响应面法优选脑络欣通颗粒的制备工艺结果可靠,稳定性较高,方法简单可行,颗粒剂药效显著,可为脑络欣通颗粒剂的工业化生产提供依据。

脑络欣通抗缺血性脑卒中后脂质过氧化和对线粒体损伤的保护作用研究

目的 探究脑络欣通抗缺血性脑卒中后脂质过氧化损伤和对线粒体损伤的保护作用。方法 取SPF级雄性SD大鼠采用线栓法制备大鼠脑缺血再灌注模型,按照Zea Longa评分标准进行神经功能评分。将评分2~3分的模型动物随机分为模型组,脑络欣通低、中、高剂量组,另设正常组和假手术组。造模24 h后开始灌胃给药,早晚各一次,连续7 d,正常组和假手术组灌胃生理盐水。观察脑络欣通对大鼠生活状态、体重、神经功能评分、脑组织病理学、脂质过氧化物(LPO)含量、4-羟基烯醛(4-HNE)水平、线粒体形态结构和缺氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)表达的影响。结果 与模型组相比,脑络欣通可提高大鼠生活质量,增加大鼠体重,提高神经功能评分,减少LPO、4-HNE、HIF-1α的累积,并对脑组织病理学损伤和线粒体结构有一定的保护作用。结论 脑络欣通可以通过抑制缺血性脑卒中后的脂质过氧化以及保护线粒体损伤从而发挥神经保护作用。

陈华教授分期辨治小儿变应性鼻炎经验

[目的]介绍陈华教授分期辨治小儿变应性鼻炎的经验。[方法]通过跟师学习,收集和分析陈师治疗小儿变应性鼻炎的医案,根据陈华教授临证所谈以及本人的中医学术体会,探讨陈师分期辨治小儿变应性鼻炎的经验,并列举医案以验证。[结果]陈师认为,风、虚、痰、瘀是小儿变应性鼻炎的主要病因,基本病机为风邪犯肺、痰瘀互结,将病程分为发作期和缓解期,于分期治疗中注重风邪,善用清宣祛风;重视脾胃,擅长健脾化痰;关注体质,运用温阳通窍;强调通络,常用活血化瘀。所列案例为小儿变应性鼻炎的典型医案,临证时在经验方小儿鼻炎通窍方基础上随证加减,于发作期疏风清热,缓解期补脾益肺,兼以通窍散结,疗效确切。[结论]陈华教授继承浙派中医儿科学术特色,分期辨治小儿变应性鼻炎,可有效缓解患儿临床症状,增强患儿体质,疗效显著,值得进一步学习推广。

脯氨酸催化的不对称羟醛缩合反应的改进与拓展

“脯氨酸催化的不对称羟醛缩合反应”是展现“对映异构”概念的经典实验。然而,受限于反应物活性和实验设计,“非对映异构”和“外消旋化”等“立体化学”概念未能在实验中体现。为进一步增强实验教学与理论教学的支撑融合,让学生通过实验充分理解有机化学中“立体化学”章节内容,我们对该反应进行了改进和拓展:(1)将常规的两组分反应升级到三组分,通过芳基醛向高活性醛亚胺的转化,快速构建含有非对映异构体的连续手性中心产物;(2)设置相反构型催化剂对照实验,并通过相反构型产物混合物旋光度的测定,引入“外消旋化”概念;(3)引入核磁共振技术测定非对映异构体比例,加深对“非对映异构”概念的认识。结果表明,该实验重复性好、时长合适,内容设计兼具探索性和创新性,有助于激发学生的科学精神和创新意识,培养学生进行创新性实验研究的能力。

The energy response of LaBr_(3)(Ce),LaBr_(3)(Ce,Sr),and NaI(Tl)crystals for GECAM

The GECAM series of satellites utilizes LaBr_(3)(Ce),LaBr_(3)(Ce,Sr),and NaI(Tl)crystals as sensitive materials for gamma-ray detectors(GRDs).To investigate the nonlinearity in the detection of low-energy gamma rays and address the errors in the calibration of the E-C relationship,comprehensive tests and comparative studies of the three aforementioned crystals were conducted using Compton electrons,radioactive sources,and mono-energetic X-rays.The nonlinearity test results of the Compton electrons and X-rays demonstrated substantial differences,with all three crystals presenting a higher nonlinearity for X/-rays than for Compton electrons.Despite the LaBr_(3)(Ce)and LaBr_(3)(Ce,Sr)crystals having higher absolute light yields,they exhibited a noticeable nonlinear decrease in the light yield,especially at energies below 400 keV.The NaI(Tl)crystal demonstrated an"excess"light output in the 6-200 keV range,reaching a maximum"excess"of 9.2%at 30 keV in the X-ray testing and up to 15.5%at 14 keV during Compton electron testing,indicating a significant advantage in the detection of low-energy gamma rays.Furthermore,we explored the underlying causes of the observed nonlinearity in these crystals.This study not only elucidates the detector responses of GECAM,but also initiates a comprehensive investigation of the nonlinearity of domestically produced lanthanum bromide and sodium iodide crystals.

Extractable and kerogen-bound hopanoids from typical Eocene oil shales in China

This study conducted a comparative analysis of extractable hopanoid hydrocarbons and those released via stepwise pyrolysis of typical Eocene immature oil shales in China,namely the Huadian,Maoming,and Fushun shales.Both the Huadian and Maoming shales exhibit immature indicators in extractable and kerogen-bound hopanoids(notably,high abundance of C_(29)to C_(32)17β,21β-hopanes and unsaturated hopenes).In contrast,the Fushun oil shale's hopanoids from extracts and pyrolyzates suggest a higher maturity level.The absence of neohopenes in the pyrolyzates of the shales underpins that the kerogenbound hopanoid skeletons resist rearrangement.However,the Huadian oil shale's asymmetric distribution of C_(29)and C_(30)hopenes and neohopenes hints at the presence of an additional source.Novel unsaturated hopenes,such as hop-20(21)-enes,identified in pyrolyzates of the three kerogens at various pyrolysis temperatures,reveal the occurrence of double bonds in kerogen-bound hopanoid skeletons without methyl rearrangements.The absence of hop-20-(21)-ene in extracts suggests that it might act as an intermediate of these novel hopenes during the epimerization of hopanoid skeletons within kerogen.The extractable and pyrolytic hopanoids'stereochemical alignment indicates that epimerization may occur in both ring systems and alkyl side chains of kerogen-bound hopanoid skeletons.Sequential stepwise pyrolysis proves to be a quick screening method for geological hopanoids without causing any significant alteration to the original skeletons even when cracking multiple covalent bonds is necessary.

Predictive value of neutrophil infiltration as a marker of Helicobacter pylori infection

AIM： To evaluate the predictive value of neutrophil in- filtration as a marker of Helicobacter pylori （H. pyloni） infection. METHODS： A total of 315 patients with dyspepsia symptoms who underwent upper gastrointestinal en- doscopy were enrolled in this study. Biopsies were evaluated using the updated Sydney system. The medication history of all patients in the preceding 4 wk was recorded. The diagnosis of H. pylori infection was based on 13C-urea breath test at least 4 wk after with- drawal of antisecretory drugs, antibiotics and related drugs. For the patients with subtotal gastrectomy, the diagnosis of H. pylori infection was based on anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G （IgG） antibody. Serum anti-H. pylori IgG antibody was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays （Biohit, Finland）. RESULTS： The sensitivity, specificity, positive predic- tive value and negative predictive value of neutrophil infiltration in the diagnosis ofH, pylorlinfection were 92.3%, 83.5%, 77.4% and 94.7%, respectively. Neu- trophil infiltration of gastric mucosa in the histological analysis was strongly associated withH, pylorlinfection （77.4% vs 5.3% in the neutrophil infiltration negative group, P = 0.000）. Moderate neutrophil infiltration was more frequent in H. pylorl infection when compared to mild infiltration （81.8% and 75%, respectively）, but did not reach statistical significance. For those patients with negative rapid urease test, H. pylori was detected in 73.2% of patients with positive neutrophil infiltration on histology. In patients with subtotal gastrectomy, the diagnostic accuracy of neutrophil infiltration in H. pylori infection was 50%. CONCLUSION： Neutrophil infiltration is closely associ- ated withH, pylori and may be recognized as a sign of this infection.

From China’s Heavy Precipitation in 2020 to a “Glocal” Hydrometeorological Solution for Flood Risk Prediction

The prolonged mei-yu/baiu system with anomalous precipitation in the year 2020 has swollen many rivers and lakes,caused flash flooding,urban flooding and landslides,and consistently wreaked havoc across large swathes of China,particularly in the Yangtze River basin.Significant precipitation and flooding anomalies have already been seen in magnitude and extension so far this year,which have been exerting much higher pressure on emergency responses in flood control and mitigation than in other years,even though a rainy season with multiple ongoing serious flood events in different provinces is not that uncommon in China.Instead of delving into the causes of the uniqueness of this year’s extreme precipitation-flooding situation,which certainly warrants in-depth exploration,in this article we provide a short view toward a more general hydrometeorological solution to this annual nationwide problem.A“glocal”(global to local)hydrometeorological solution for floods(GHS-F)is considered to be critical for better preparedness,mitigation,and management of different types of significant precipitation-caused flooding,which happen extensively almost every year in many countries such as China,India and the United States.Such a GHS-F model is necessary from both scientific and operational perspectives,with the strength in providing spatially consistent flood definitions and spatially distributed flood risk classification considering the heterogeneity in vulnerability and resilience across the entire domain.Priorities in the development of such a GHS-F are suggested,emphasizing the user’s requirements and needs according to practical experiences with various flood response agencies.

Current status of glucocorticoid usage in solid organ transplantation

Glucocorticoids(GCs)have been the mainstay of immunosuppressive therapy in solid organ transplantation(SOT)for decades,due to their potent effects on innate immunity and tissue protective effects.However,some SOT centers are reluctant to administer GCs long-term because of the various related side effects.This review summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of GCs in SOT.PubMed and Scopus databases were searched from 2011 to April 2021 using search syntaxes covering“transplantation”and“glucocorticoids”.GCs are used in transplant recipients,transplant donors,and organ perfusate solution to improve transplant outcomes.In SOT recipients,GCs are administered as induction and maintenance immunosuppressive therapy.GCs are also the cornerstone to treat acute antibody-and T-cell-mediated rejections.Addition of GCs to organ perfusate solution and pretreatment of transplant donors with GCs are recommended by some guidelines and protocols,to reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury peri-transplant.GCs with low bioavailability and high potency for GC receptors,such as budesonide,nanoparticle-mediated targeted delivery of GCs to specific organs,and combination use of dexamethasone with inducers of immuneregulatory cells,are new methods of GC application in SOT patients to reduce side effects or induce immune-tolerance instead of immunosuppression.Various side effects involving different non-targeted organs/tissues,such as bone,cardiovascular,neuromuscular,skin and gastrointestinal tract,have been noted for GCs.There are also potential drug-drug interactions for GCs in SOT patients.

A New Bioassay Method for Evaluation Allelopathic Potential of Rice Germplasm

Allelopathy was defined in 1996 by IAS （international allelopathy society） as any process involving secondary metabolites produced by plant, algae, bacteria and fungi that influences the growth and development of agricultural and biological systems. Rice allelopathy against weeds was reported since 1989, which offers an integrated weed management with substantially reduced herbicide usage. Application of allelopathic rice cultivars is thought a resources conservation and environmental friendly way of weed bio-control, and could promote the sustainable development of agriculture. Screening or evaluating the allelopathic potential rice variety is the first step. In this paper, a new bioassay method was set up by the allelopathic potential of 9 rice lines on the target weed barnyardgrass （Echinochloa crusgalli）, and comparing with bioassay methods such as relay seeding in filter paper （RSF） and relay seeding in agar （RSA）. The results indicated that three methods had a same tendency in evaluating the allelopathic potential of rice; there existed a significant difference among different bioassay methods, and an interaction between bioassay methods and rice lines. The method of root exudates （RE） with the highest value and a correlation efficiency of 0.98 was considered as ideal bioassay method for evaluation of allelopathic potential.

EVALUATION OF SPECTRAL SELECTED PRESS SEQUENCE IN BREAST LESION CHARACTERIZATION

Objective To evaluate the role of ^1H spetral selected point-resolved spectroscopy （SS-PRESS） sequence in distingnishing benign from malignant breast lesions by the malignancy marker of choline peak and to investigate the factors influencing the diagnosis. Methods A total of 131 patients （ aged 24-83 years, average 44. 8 years） were enrolled in this study. The examinations were performed on a 1.5T scanner with four-channel phased array breast coiL Singie-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy （1H MRS） was acquired by SS-PRESS sequence in these patients referred to surgical or biopsy consultation. Results Among these patients, 74 were proved to have breast carcinomas and 57 have benign lesions by histopathological examinations, Thirty-one elevated choline peaks were observed in these 74 confirmed malignant lesions, and 5 detectable choline peaks were demonstrated in the 57 benign lesions. The sensitivity and specificity of ^1H SSPRESS MRS were 41.9% and 91.2%, respectively. The main factors influencing the diagnosis were signal-to-noise ratio and pathological type. Conclusions ^1H SS-PRESS MRS can provide a noninvasive, biochemical measurement of metabolism and improve the specificity of breast magnetic resonance imaging. Choline peak in vivo is a specific but not sensitive marker of malignancy. Technique factors and histopathological characterization of lesions influence the detection rate.

Evaluation of Growth of Agricultural Listed Companies Based on AHP Weighting Method

Agriculture is the foundation of national economy,and agricultural development is related to the rapid development of long-term stability of the society and economy. Agriculture includes farming,forestry,animal husbandry,and fisheries. Agricultural listed company as an agricultural enterprise " leader",which directly affects the development of the entire growth of the agricultural industry development and policy,so the study of agricultural listed company's growth is particularly important. This paper uses AHP weighting method to evaluate 2012 financial data on the growth of agricultural listed companies.

禽蛋和禽肉中兽药残留检测技术研究进展

随着我国家禽产业的规模不断扩大,兽药残留问题也更加严峻。兽药残留对人体与环境危害重大。现对目前禽蛋和禽肉中常见的兽药残留种类及最大残留限量进行综述,探讨了(超)高效液相色谱法、(超)高效液相色谱-质谱法、气相色谱-质谱法和免疫学检测法、分子印迹技术、生物芯片技术、生物传感器检测法在禽蛋和禽肉中的应用价值,以期为兽药残留检测和监管提供依据。

Evolutionary genomics of structural variation in the tea plant,Camellia sinensis

Structural variants(SVs)are a type of genetic variation that contribute substantially to phenotypic diversity and evolution.Further study of SVs will help us understand the influence of SVs associated with tea quality and stress resistance and provide new insight into tea plant breeding improvement and genetic research.However,SVs have not been thoroughly discovered in the tea plant genomes.Herein,we constructed a large-scale SV map across a population of 107 resequenced genomes,including both ancient and cultivated tea plants.A total of 44,240 highconfident SVs were identified,including 34,124 DEL(deletions),4,448 DUP(duplications),2,503 INV(inversions),544 INS(insertions)and 2,621 TRA(translocations).In total,12,400 protein-coding genes were overlapped with SVs,of which 49.5%were expressed in all five tea tissues.SVbased analysis of phylogenetic relationships and population structure in tea plants showed a consistent evolutionary history with the SNP-based results.We also identified SVs subject to artificial selection and found that genes under domestication were enriched in metabolic pathways involving theanine and purine alkaloids,biosynthesis of monoterpenoid,phenylpropanoid,fatty acid,and isoflavonoid,contributing to traits of agronomic interest in tea plants.In addition,a total of 27 terpene synthase(TPS)family genes were selected during domestication.These results indicate that these SVs could provide extensive genomic information for tea quality improvement.

白芍总苷胶囊辅助西药治疗难治性类风湿关节炎临床研究

目的:观察白芍总苷胶囊辅助西药治疗难治性类风湿关节炎的临床疗效及对血清炎性因子的影响。方法:将76例难治性类风湿关节炎患者按随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组各38例,对照组口服甲氨蝶呤片,观察组在对照组基础上口服白芍总苷胶囊。比较2组临床疗效,比较2组治疗前后视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、病情活动度量表(DAS28)评分、炎性因子水平及中医证候积分。结果:观察组治疗总有效率92.10%,高于对照组71.05%(P<0.05)。治疗前,2组VAS、DAS28评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,2组VAS、DAS28评分均降低(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,2组血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)、类风湿因子(RF)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)、白细胞介素-8 (IL-8)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,2组血清CRP、RF、ESR、TNF-α、IL-8水平均降低(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,2组晨僵、关节疼痛、关节压痛、关节屈伸不利中医证候积分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,2组以上各中医证候积分均降低(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:白芍总苷胶囊辅助西药治疗难治性类风湿关节炎可有效降低患者炎性反应,改善临床症状,降低中医证候积分,减少疼痛,提高临床疗效。

Structural characterization and mass spectrometry fragmentation signatures of macrocyclic alkanes isolated from a Sydney Basin torbanite,Australia

Individual hydrocarbons identified to be macrocyclic alkanes in a torbanite from the Sydney Basin(Australia)were successfully isolated from its extracts using preparative gas chromatography and analyzed by NMR.Saturated cyclic structures were confirmed by single peaks in the NMR~1H and~(13)C spectra indicating single forms of H and C atoms exist in these biomarker molecules.This is consistent with the methylene unit in a ring system assignment of the macrocyclic alkanes and accounts for a formula of(CH2)n.The unusual molecular structures of these compounds are consistent with those that were identified from previous GC retention index data and co-injection with a standard supports the previous research.The mass spectral fragmentation behaviors of representative cyclic alkanes were further investigated by comparing them with the mass spectra of isolated individual macrocyclic alkanes.The characteristic fragment ions in the macrocyclic alkanes of(M–28)+and base peaks of m/z 97,111,125,etc.,can be assigned as being generated by simple a-/i-cleavage and hydrogen rearrangement.These fragmentation pathways combined with retention indices should assist in differentiating these compounds from monounsaturated alkenes and alkylated monocyclics having similar mass spectral characteristics in other geological samples.