Surface-functionalized cellulose nanocrystals(CNC)and synergisms with surfactant for enhanced oil recovery in low-permeability reservoirs

Nanocellulose,a natural polymeric nanomaterial,has attracted significant attention in enhanced oil recovery(EOR)applications due to its abundance,nanoscale,high oil-water interfacial adsorption ef-ficiency.In this study,surface-functionalized cellulose nanocrystals(SF-CNCs)were prepared via hy-drochloric acid hydrolysis and chemical modification,with adaptable nanosize and considerable dispersion stability in low-permeability reservoirs.The SF-CNCs were structurally characterized by FT-IR,Cryo-TEM,which have a diameter of 5-10 nm and a length of 100-200 nm.The SF-CNC dispersions possessed higher stability and stronger salt-tolerance than those of corresponding CNC dispersions,due to the strong hydrophilicity of the sulfonic acid group.It was synergistically used with a non-ionic surfactant(APG1214)to formulate a combined flooding system(0.1 wt%SF-CNC+0.2 wt%APG1214).The combined flooding system exhibits strong emulsification stability,low oil-water interfacial tension of o.03 mN/m,and the ability to alter the wettability for oil-wetting rocks.Furthermore,the combined system was_able to provide an optimum EOR efficiency of 20.2%in low-permeability cores with 30.13×10^(-3)μm^(2).Notably.it can enlarge the sweep volume and increase the displacement efficiency simultaneously.Overall,the newly formulated nanocellulose/surfactant combined system exhibits a remarkable EoR performance in low-permeability reservoirs.

EX-PRESS引流钉联合生物羊膜植入术治疗POAG的疗效及安全性

目的:分析EX-PRESS引流钉联合生物羊膜植入术治疗原发性开角型青光眼(primary open angle glaucoma,POAG)的有效性及安全性。方法:回顾性分析2015-01/2017-02在我院接受EXPRESS引流钉(P50)+羊膜植入术(31例38眼,试验组)与单纯EX-PRESS引流钉(P50)植入术(22例34眼,对照组)患者的临床资料,统计分析两组术前,术后1d,1wk,3、6mo眼压变化、滤过泡情况以及并发症发生率。结果:术后各个时间点上,试验组及对照组的平均眼压均较术前明显下降,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后1d,1wk,试验组与对照组平均眼压差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),在术后3、6mo,对照组眼压较试验组眼压高,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在术后3mo,试验组中功能性滤过泡比例较对照组高,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),试验组和对照组术后并发症主要包括浅前房、出血、虹膜后粘连、角膜水肿,两组中其发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:EX-PRESS引流钉植入术联合生物羊膜植入可以安全有效降低眼压,改善术后滤过泡情况,并有远期降低眼压的作用。

Biomarker identification of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy using microarray data

AIM： To uncover the underlying pathogenesis of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy（TAO） and explore potential biomarkers of this disease.METHODS： The expression profile GSE9340, which was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database, included 18 specimens from 10 TAO patients and 8 hyperthyroidism patients without ophthalmopathy. The platform was HumanRef-8 v2 Expression BeadChip. Raw data were normalized using preprocess. Core package and the differentially expressed genes（DEGs） were identified based on t-test with limma package of R. Functional enrichment analyses were performed recruiting the DAVID tool. Based on STRING database, a protein-protein interaction（PPI） network was constructed, from which a module was extracted. The functional enrichment for genes in the module was performed by the BinGO plugin.RESULTS： In total, 861 DEGs（433 up-regulated and 428 down-regulated） between TAO patients and hyperthyroidism patients without ophthalmopathy were identified. Crucial nodes in the PPI network included TPX2, CDCA5, PRC1, KIF23 and MKI67, which were also remarkable in the module and all enriched in cell cycle process. Additionally, MKI67 was highly correlated with TAO. Besides, the DEGs of GTF2 F1, SMC3, USF1 and ZNF263 were predicted as transcription factors（TFs）. CONCLUSION： Several crucial genes are identified such as TPX2, CDCA5, PRC1 and KIF23, which all might play significant roles in TAO via the regulation of cell cycle process. Regulatory relationships between TPX2 and CDCA5 as well as between PRC1 and KIF23 may exist.Additionally, MKI67 may be a potent biomarker of TAO, and SMC3 and ZNF263 may exert their roles as TFs in TAO progression.

Study of the reinforced mechanism of fly ash on amphiphilic polymer gel

Amphiphilic polymer gels are widely used in heterogeneous reservoirs for conformance control technology.However,in high temperature and high salinity of calcium and magnesium reservoirs,amphiphilic polymer gels cannot maintain effective performance.In this work,a novel reinforced amphiphilic polymer gel(F-PADC gel)was prepared by physically mixing polymer solution and fly ash(FA),which is an extremely low cost material.The viscoelasticity and stability of the F-PADC gel were studied by rheometry and micro-rheometry.The reinforced mechanism of FA on amphiphilic polymer gels was revealed.The results show that the addition of FA can make the gel more robust with a denser network structure.On the fifth day,the elastic modulus(G’)increases from 5.2 to 7.0 Pa and the viscosity modulus(G")increases from 0.4 to 0.6 Pa at the frequency of 1 Hz,which improves the viscoelasticity of the gel system.More importantly,the F-PADC gel does not degrade after aging at 85℃for 180 d.And its viscoelasticity increases obviously,G′and G"increase to 110.0 Pa and 3.5 Pa,respectively,showing excellent anti-aging stability.Moreover,FA amphiphilic polymer gels have a good injectivity and a perfect plugging rate of 98.86%,which is better than that of sole amphiphilic polymer gels.This novel mixed FA amphiphilic polymer gels can prove to be a better alternative to conventional polymer gels to enhance oil recovery in high temperature and high salinity reservoirs.

Dual Z-scheme Bi_(3)TaO_(7)/Bi_(2)S_(3)/SnS_(2)photocatalyst with high performance for Cr(Ⅵ)reduction and TC degradation under visible light irradiation

Ternary direct dual Z-scheme Bi_(3)T_(a)O_(7)/Bi_(2)S_(3)/SnS_(2) photocatalyst was successfully prepared by hydrothermal method.The composite photocatalysts exhibited high photocatalytic performance on both Cr(Ⅵ)reduction and tetracycline(TC)degradation under the irradiation of visible light.The results manifested that the photogenerated charge transfer efficiency was improved after forming the dual Z-scheme heterojunction.As a result,the composite catalysts exhibited higher photocat-alytic degradation efficiency than the corresponding single samples.The apparent rate constant(k)value of the best sample BBS-3 for TC degradation was 0.0403 min^(-1),which was 40 times,8 times,and 18 times higher than that of single samples.While the k value of BBS-3 for the Cr(Ⅵ)reduction was 0.0249 min^(-1),it was about 23 times,7 times,and 18 times that of single catalysts.Recycle experiments indicated that the BBS-3 had good photocat-alytic stability.Meanwhile,the possible mechanism on Cr(Ⅵ)reduction and TC degradation was proposed based on the experimental results.