无机阴离子对低温拜耳法中脱硅产物析出的影响

利用XRD、FT-IR、SEM和PSD等手段系统研究无机阴离子对低温拜耳法过程中脱硅产物(DSPs)的组成、结构以及微观形貌的影响。当溶液中存在氯化物、硫酸盐和碳酸盐时,形成氯化物型方钠石、碳酸盐型方钠石和黝方石,部分铝酸盐离子被阴离子杂质取代。硫酸盐与DSPs的结合能力强于铝酸盐、氯化物和碳酸盐。随着阴离子浓度的增加,DSPs的粒径增大,且DSPs的团聚程度和圆形片层结构的厚度均有所增加。此外,阴离子杂质会促进沸石骨架的溶解和方钠石中四元环的形成,从而促进沸石向方钠石转化。

Effect of Ce on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Ce magnesium alloys

The Mg-6Zn alloy with different contents of Ce was prepared by the gravity casting method,and then the Mg-6Zn-xCe(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,wt.%)alloys were extruded at 300℃and 350℃ after solution treatment.The phase constitution and microstructure evolution of Mg-Zn-xCe alloys were analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)and electron backscattering diffraction(EBSD).Meanwhile,the mechanical properties of the alloy were tested at room temperature.For as-cast alloys,the results show that the main compound in Mg-6Zn alloy is Mg4Zn7 phase,and the main compound is T-(MgZn)12Ce phase after the addition of different amounts of Ce.The microstructure and distribution of second phases are greatly improved after extrusion at 300℃and 350℃.Compared with initial mechanical properties,the strength and elongation increase obviously by means of extrusion at different temperatures.In addition,the microstructure after extrusion at 350℃is further analyzed according to EBSD data.The results show that rare earth element Ce probably promotes the activation of non-basal slip during the deformation process with the increase of Ce,which reduces the strength of basal texture and thus improves the plasticity of the alloy.Meanwhile,the increase of grain boundary migration ability leads to the gradual increase of recrystallization grain size and decreases the strength.

Comparing the mechanism of four classic Gualou-Xiebai prescriptions for cardiovascular diseases with phlegm and blood stasis syndrome based on molecular network modeling

Background:Four classical Traditional Chinese Medicine prescriptions,namely Gualou Xiebai Baijiu decoction,Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction(GLXBBX),Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi decoction(ZSXBGZ)and Danlou prescription(DL),have been frequently used for treatment of phlegm and blood stasis syndrome(PBSS)-related cardiovascular diseases.However,its therapeutic mechanism has not been clearly elucidated.This study aimed to explore PBSS and its molecular mechanism,clarify and compare the mechanisms of four prescriptions in treating PBSS-related diseases.Method:In this study,we collected four prescriptions’compounds,predicted therapeutic targets,and enriched pathways which were based on network pharmacology.Then,we analysed the commen and different mechanisms by combing the network of components,targets and pathways.Finally,molecular docking was engaged to assess the binding potential of key compounds and hub targets.Results:We showed that four prescriptions’intersection genes(VEGFA,SRC,EGFR,etc.)were commonly enriched in PI3K-AKT signaling pathway,HIF-1 signaling pathway,etc.In addition,platelet activation and cAMP signaling pathway were singly enriched from the GLXBBX through unique compounds 12,13-epoxy-9-hydroxynonadeca-7,10-dienoic acid and Cyclo(L-tyrosyl-L-phenylalanyl).These bioactive compounds may exert GLXBBX’s unique pharmacological pathways via involving in mediating PPARA,PTGER3,etc.Sphingolipid signaling pathway was singly enriched from the ZSXBGZ through unique compounds tetramethoxyluteolin,ergosterol peroxide,etc.These bioactive compounds could mediate ADORA1,ADORA3 and TNFRSF1A to regulate ZSXBGZ’s unique pharmacological pathways.AMPK signaling pathway was singly enriched from the DL through unique compounds kaempferol,evofolinb,ethyl acid and aureusidin.These bioactive compounds were involved in mediating the main targets of AMPK signaling pathway,such as TNF,TNFRSF1A,etc.Conclusions:Our research demonstrated that GLXB-prescriptions involved in almost all pathological stages of PBSS-related cardiovascular diseases by modulating high-frequency shared pathways and targets mainly through key compounds(quercetin,mandenol,sitosteryl acetate and luteolin,etc.),for example,participate in the process of atherosclerosis,lipid metabolism,inflammation,immune response,thrombosis,inhibit inflammatory factors and platelet aggregation,regulate immune function,vascular function,oxidative stress.In addition to common pharmacological efficacies,there could also be specificities among GLXB prescriptions due to different compounds.For example,GLXBBX tends to regulate the function of vascular and endothelial barrier,prevent thrombosis.ZSXBGZ tends to regulate lipid metabolism and protect the heart from lipid accumulation.DL tends to maintain energy homeostasis and improve inflammation.

Digestion mechanism and crystal simulation of roasted low-grade high-sulfur bauxite

Low-grade high-sulfur bauxite was pretreated via suspension roasting and muffle furnace roasting to remove sulfur and enhance digestion properties.The results show that sulfur can be efficiently removed,and the alumina digestion properties are significantly improved after suspension roasting.Under optimal conditions(t=70 min,T=280°C,w(CaO)=8%and Nk=245 g/L),the digestion ratios are 94.45%and 92.08%for the suspension-roasted and muffle-roasted ore,respectively,and the apparent activation energies are 63.26 and 64.24 kJ/mol,respectively.Two crystal models were established by Materials Studio based on the XRD patterns.The DFT simulation shows that the existing Al—O bands after suspension roasting can improve alumina digestion.The(104)and(113)planes of Al2O3 after suspension roasting are found to combine with NaOH more easily than those of Al2O3 treated in a muffle furnace.

Relationship between XRCC1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to prostate cancer in men from Han, Southern China

Aim： To investigate the association among XRCC1 polymorphisms, smoking, drinking and the risk of prostate cancer （PCa） in men from Han, Southern China. Methods： In a case-control study of 207 patients with PCa and 235 cancerfree controls, frequency-matched by age, we genotyped three XRCC1 polymorphisms （codons 194, 280 and 399） using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RELP） method. Results： Among the three polymorphisms, we found that the XRCC1 Arg399Gln variant allele was associated with increased PCa risk （adjusted odd ratio [OR]： 1.67, 95% confident interval [CI]： 1.11-2.51）, but the XRCC1 Arg 194Trp variant allele had a 38% reduction in risk of PCa （adjusted OR： 0.62, 95% CI： 0.41-0.93）. However, there was no significant risk of PCa associated with Arg280His polymorphism. When we evaluated the three polymorphisms together, we found that the individuals with 194Arg/Arg wild-type genotype, Arg280His and Arg399Gln variant genotypes had a significantly higher risk of PCa （adjusted OR： 4.31; 95% CI： 1.24-14.99） than those with three wild-type genotypes. In addition, we found that Arg399Gln variant genotypes had a significant risk of PCa among heavy smokers （adjusted OR： 2.04; 95% CI： 1.03-4.05）. Conclusion： These results suggest that polymorphisms of XRCC1 appear to influence the risk of PCa and may modify risks attributable to environmental exposure.

Increased expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),VEGF-C and VEGF receptor-3 in prostate cancer tissue are associated with tumor progression

Aim： To investigate the differences in microvessel densities （MVD） and the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）, VEGF-C and VEGF receptor-3 （VEGFR-3） between prostate cancer （PCa） tissues and adjacent benign tissues, and to explore the correlations among MVD, Jewett-Whitmore staging, Gleason scores and expressions of VEGF, VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 in the progression of PCa. Methods： An immunohistochemical approach was adopted to detect the expressions of CD34, VEGF, VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 in both cancer areas and peripheral benign areas of 71 primary prostatic adenocarcinoma specimens. A statistic analysis was then performed according to the experimental and clinic data. Results： Significantly upregulated expressions of VEGF, VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 were all found in malignant epithelium/cancer cells compared with adjacent benign epithelium （P 〈 0.01）. Patients in stage D had a significantly higher score than patients in stage A, B or C when comparing the expression of VEGF-C or VEGFR-3 in the tumor area （P 〈 0.01）. In addition, significant correlations were observed between Jewett-Whitmore staging and VEGF-C （rs = 0.738, P 〈 0.01）, clinical staging and VEGFR-3 （rs = 0.410, P 〈 0.01）, VEGF-C and Gleason scores （rs = 0.401, P 〈 0.01）, VEGFR-3 and Gleason scores （rs = 0.581, P 〈 0.001） and MVD and VEGF （rs = 0.492, P 〈 0.001）. Conclusion： Increased expressions of VEGF and VEGF-C were closely associ- ated with progression of PCa. The main contribution of increased VEGF expression for PCa progression was to upregulate MVD, which maintained the growth advantage of tumor tissue. However, the chief role of increased expressions of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 was to enhance lymphangiogenesis and provide a main pathway for cancer cells to disseminate. （Asian J Androl 2006 Mar; 8： 169-175）

Suspension calcination and alkali leaching of low-grade high-sulfur bauxite:Desulfurization, mineralogical evolution and desilication

To enable the utilization of low-grade and high-sulfur bauxite, the suspension calcination was used to remove the sulfur and the activate silica minerals, and the calcinated bauxite was subjected to a desilication process in Na OH solution under atmospheric pressure. The desulfurization and desilication properties and mineralogical evolution were studied by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry–differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and FactSage methods. The results demonstrate that the suspension calcination method is efficient for sulfur removal: 84.21% of S was removed after calcination at 1000°C for 2 min. During the calcination process, diaspore and pyrite were transferred to α-Al2O3, magnetite, and hematite. The phase transformation of pyrite follows the order FeS2 → Fe3O4 → Fe2O3, and the iron oxides and silica were converted into iron silicate. In the alkali-soluble desilication process, the optimum condition was an alkali solution concentration of 110 g/L, a reaction time of 20 min, and a reaction temperature of 95°C. The corresponding desilication ratio and alumina loss ratio were 44.9% and 2.4%, respectively, and the alumina-to-silica mass ratio of the concentrate was 7.9. The Al2O3·2SiO2, SiO2, and Al2O3 formed during the calcination process could react with Na OH solution, and their activity decreased in the order of Al2O3·2 SiO2, SiO2, and Al2O3.

The ejaculatory duct ectopically invading the bladder with multiple congenital malformations of the homolateral urogenital system： a report of a rare case and an embryological review

We report a rare case of a left ejaculatory duct that allotropically protrudes towards or invades the left vesicle triangular area with its dead end. The patient simultaneously exhibited multiple congenital malformations of the homolateral urogenital system, such as absence of the left kidney, dysplasia and allotopia of the left seminal vesicle, absence of the left ureterostoma, separation between the left testis and the epididymis tail, and maldevelopment of the left testis. According to all clinical and laboratory evidence, the case represented a new syndrome, which we named Wuyang＇s syndrome. It involved a rare phenomenon in embryonic development; the dysplastic proximal vas precursor, having intruded into a common mesonephric duct and accidentally encroaching on the ureteric bud position, resulted in the absence or dysplasia of the homolateral urinary tract and ectopic invasion of the bladder by the homolateral seminal tract.

Pressure assessment in intercavernous embedding of bulboperineal urethra for treatment of urinary incontinence after prostatic operation

Aim: To put forward criteria for the pressure assessment in the operation of intercavernous embedding of bulboper-ineal urethra for the treatment of urinary incontinence after prostatic operation. Methods: A F14 urethral catheter isinserted during the operation and upon suturing the corpora cavernosa centrally, the catheter is slowly pushed in andpulled out in order that the operator feels a certain degree of close-fit resistance. The degree of tightness of the stitches,which regulate the compression pressure, is adjusted in accordance with this close-fit sensation. To further ascertain theadequacy of the force of compression, the bladder is filled with 300 ml physiological saline and observe the appropriate-ness (size and continuity) of the outflow stream when the lower abdomen is depressed with a pressure of 80 - 90 cmH_2O. The operation was given to six patients suffered from urinary incontinence for 20 or more months after prostaticoperation. Results: Five cases achieved complete recovery, while the therapeutic effect of the 6th one was not sat-isfactory . A second stage operation was carried out 3 months later with the addition of one more stitch both proximallyand distally to reinforce the compression force. The condition was improved dramatically. The follow-up period aver-aged 3.5 years. Conclusion; The adequacy of the compression pressure exerted by the juxtaposed corpora cavernosais the key point determining the outcome of the operation. The measures for assessing the compression pressure suggest-ed by the authors are helpful in obtaining the good results of the present paper (6/6 success) as compared with 25/34success in the previous report. (Asian J Androl 2001 Sep; 3: 235 — 237)

Antibody and complement levels in patients with hypersplenism associated with cirrhotic portal hypertension and therapeutic principles

BACKGROUND Hypersplenism associated with cirrhotic portal hypertension is a common condition often resulting from hepatitis B-related cirrhosis.However,the levels of immunoglobulin(Ig)and complement in patients with hypersplenism associated with cirrhotic portal hypertension remain unclear.This study was undertaken to determine the levels of Ig and complement in these patients,the relationship between these levels and Child-Pugh class and their clinical significance.AIM To investigate the antibody(Ig)and complement levels in patients with hypersplenism associated with cirrhotic portal hypertension and their clinical significance.METHODS Clinical data of 119 patients with hypersplenism associated with cirrhotic portal hypertension were statistically analyzed and compared with those of 128 control patients.RESULTS IgA and IgG levels in patients with hypersplenism were significantly higher than controls(P<0.001).There was no significant difference in IgM between the two groups(P=0.109).C3 and C4 levels in patients with hypersplenism were significantly lower than controls(P<0.001).As liver function decreased,IgA and IgG levels increased(P<0.001),and C3 and C4 levels decreased(P<0.001).CONCLUSION Patients with hypersplenism associated with cirrhotic portal hypertension have significantly higher antibody(IgA and IgG)levels and significantly lower complement(C3 and C4)levels,which are both related to liver damage.Clinically,the administration of anti-hepatitis virus agents and protection of liver function should be strengthened.

A 30-year retrospective study of rare ectopic seminal tract opening cases

Ectopic seminal tract openi ng is a rare con genital malformation.Until rece ntly,there has been a lack of comprehensive reporting on the condition.The purpose of this retrospective study is to summarize the experience of diagnosis and treatment of this condition based on 28 clinical practice cases throughout the past 30 years.We conducted auxiliary examinations on such patients including routine tests,imaging examinations,and endoscopy.Among these 28 cases,there were ectopic opening of vas deferens into enlarged prostatic utricles(6 cases);ejaculatory ducts into enlarged prostatic utricles,Mullerian ducts cysts,and urethras(18 cases,2 cases,and 1 case,respectively);and ectopic opening of the unilateral vas deferens and the contralateral ejaculatory duct into enlarged prostatic utricle(1 case).The size of the enlarged prostatic utricle,the type of ectopic seminal tract opening,and the opening's location effectively assisted in the selection of clinical treatment methods,including transurethral fenestration of the utricle,transurethral cold-knife incision,open operation,laparoscopic operation,and conservative treatment.Satisfactory effect was achieved during follow-up.In conclusion,a definite diagnosis and personalized treatment are especially important for patients with ectopic seminal tract opening.