Effect of dopamine on bone morphogenesis protein-2 expression in human retinal pigment epithelium

AIM: To investigate the effect of dopamine on bone morphogenesis protein-2(BMP-2) expression in retinal pigment epithelium(RPE) cells in vitro.METHODS: ARPE-19 cells as a human RPE cell line were cultured with dopamine for different times(2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 and 24h) or with different concentrations(0.1, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 100 μg/mL) in vitro. BMP-2 m RNA expression level in ARPE-19 cells was analyzed with real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR) analysis and BMP-2 protein level was measured with Western blot analysis. The active form of BMP-2 in the culture medium was measured with enzymelinked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).RESULTS: The expression level of BMP-2 increased significantly cultured with 20 μg/mL dopamine, at different time points(P<0.05). BMP-2 m RNA level peaked 2h and the protein level peaked at 6 and 8h after treatment. The concentrations of secreted BMP-2 elevated at 12 h and peaked at 24h(P<0.05) in a time-dependent manner. Treated with 100 μg/mL dopamine for 6h, the expression levels of BMP-2 m RNA and protein in ARPE-19 cells were enhanced significantly compared to that in the untreated cells(P<0.05). And secreted BMP-2 protein in the cell culture supernatant was also increased(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Dopamine up-regulate BMP-2 expression in RPE cells, and this may be associated with its inhibitive effect on myopia development.

有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体植入矫正近视及散光的长期临床研究

目的:评价有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体植入术的长期安全性及稳定性。方法:回顾性非随机临床试验研究。选取2013-01/2014-12于成都爱尔眼科医院行有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体(V4,ICL)植入手术患者64例107眼,分别于术前,术后1wk,1、3、6、12mo及术后每年随访裸眼视力(UCVA)、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、屈光度数、眼压、拱高、角膜内皮计数、眼轴以及手术安全性、有效性等,所有患者随访至2019-12均完成术后5a或以上的末次随访。结果:术前BCVA(LogMAR)为-0.08(0,-0.08),术后1a裸眼视力为0(-0.076,0),末次随访裸眼视力0.096(0,0.221),较术后1a,末次随访裸眼视力有所下降,这种视力改变主要与眼轴较术前有明显增长有关。BCVA在术后1a及末次随访结束较术前相比均无明显改变。末次随访的手术安全指数平均为1.19±0.24,有效指数为1.00±0.29。散光晶状体在眼内长期稳定性良好,没有出现明显的旋转等。拱高的变化主要发生在术后1a内,其后变化缓慢。眼压、角膜内皮计数无明显变化。本研究中2眼分别于术后3、5a出现晶状体前囊下混浊,无青光眼、色素播散等并发症出现。结论:ICL植入术矫正近视具有良好的安全性、稳定性及可预测性。

Regulation of scleral fibroblast differentiation by bone morphogenetic protein-2

Bone morphogenesis proteins(BMPs) are multi-functional growth factors. They are expressed in retina,retinal pigment epithelium(RPE) and sclera and serve as a regulator in the growth and development of the eye. This article reviewed the chondrogenic potency of the sclera,biochemical and pathological changes of myopic scleral tissue and the differentiation of chondrogenesis by BMP-2. We proposed the hypothesis that BMP-2 can regulate differentiate of scleral fibroblasts and affect the development of myopia.

Safety study on HIC containing waste resin with respect to hydrogen release

To explore the behavior of radiolytically produced hydrogen release from the waste resin stored in a high integrated container(HIC), and the mechanism of hydrogen diffusion in a near-surface disposal facility, both experimental studies and numerical simulations were performed through an accelerated irradiation test and simulated disposal, respectively. Results indicated that,100 years after disposal, the highest hydrogen concentration appeared in the cell where the HICs were placed. The volume fraction for different scenarios postulated in the numerical simulation was 2.64% for Scenario 1, 2.28% for Scenario 2, and 3.965% for Scenario 3, all of which are lower than the hydrogen explosion limit of 4.1%. The results indicated that the simulated HIC disposal scheme is safe.

All-trans retinoic acid increases ARPE-19 cell apoptosis via activation of reactive oxygen species and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways

AIM:To explore the apoptosis of ARPE-19 cells after the treatment with different doses of all-trans-retinoic acid(ATRA).METHODS:ARPE-19 cells were used in the in-vitro experiment.Flow cytometry assay was employed to evaluate the level of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and apoptosis.The effects of ATRA(concentrations from 2.5 to 20μmol/L)on the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)markers in vitro were evaluated by Western blot and realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)assays.The contribution of ROS and ERS-induced apoptosis in vitro was determined by using N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC)and Salubrinal,an antagonist of NAC and ERS,respectively.RESULTS:Flow cytometry showed that ATRA significantly increased ARPE-19 cell apoptosis and ROS levels in each group(F=86.39,P<0.001;F=116.839.P<0.001).Western blot and qRT-PCR revealed that levels of CHOP and BIP were elevated in a concentration-dependent pattern after the cells were incubated with ATRA(2.5-20μmol/L).The upregulation of VEGF-A and CHOP induced by ATRA could be inhibited by NAC(antioxidant)and Salubrinal(ERS inhibitor)in vitro.CONCLUSION:ATRA induces the apoptosis of ARPE-19 cells via activated ROS and ERS signaling pathways.

High-continuity genome assembly of the jellyfish Chrysaora quinquecirrha

DEAR EDITOR,The Atlantic sea nettle(Chrysaora quinquecirrha)has an important evolutionary position due to its high ecological value.However,due to limited sequencing technologies and complex jellyfish genomic sequences,the current C.quinquecirrha genome assembly is highly fragmented.Here,we used the most advanced high-throughput chromosome conformation capture(Hi-C)technology to obtain high-coverage sequencing data of the C.quinquecirrha genome.We then anchored these data to the previously published contig-level assembly to improve the genome.Finally,a high-continuity genome sequence of C.quinquecirrha was successfully assembled,which contained 1882 scaffolds with a N50 length of 3.83 Mb.The N50 length of the genome assembly was 5.23 times longer than the previously released one,and additional analysis revealed that it had a high degree of genomic continuity and accuracy.Acquisition of the high-continuity genome sequence of C.quinquecirrha not only provides a basis for the study of jellyfish evolution through comparative genomics but also provides an important resource for studies on jellyfish growth and development.

Genetic optimization of ladle scheduling in empty-ladle operation stage based on temperature drop control

To optimize ladle scheduling in the empty-ladle operation stage of steel plants,a mathematical scheduling model was established for the empty-ladle operation stage,taking the minimum total waiting time in the empty-ladle operation stage as the optimization goal and setting the equipment assignment uniqueness as the key constraint.An improved genetic algorithm was designed to calculate the mathematical scheduling model.In the operation of the genetic algorithm,the strategy of"ladle temperature drop control"was adopted to solve the problem of equipment conflicts and reduce unreasonable ladle temperature drops to enhance"red-ladle"utilization.Five main production modes operating at 95%capacity in a Chinese steel plant were simulated using the genetic optimization model.The results showed that the genetic optimization model could improve the efficiency of ladle operation and reduce the total waiting time in the empty-ladle operation stage by 868–1147 min.

Ab initio calculations of mirror energy difference in sd-shell nuclei

Mirror energy difference is a key observable in isospin symmetry breaking,containing rich information about nuclear structure.Understanding the mechanisms underlying mirror energy difference is important in nuclear physics.In the present work,we extensively investigated mirror energy difference using ab initio valence-space inmedium similarity renormalization group approach,focusing specifically on sd-shell nuclei.The low-lying spectra of Al isotopes and N=8 isotones,together with their mirror nuclei,were calculated,followed by a systematic analysis of the evolution of the mirror energy difference.The results suggest that the large mirror energy difference is mainly caused by the weakly-bound effects and large average occupations of the 1s1/2 orbit.Lastly,we compare the results of our ab initio calculations with shell model results,elucidating the relationship and coherence between these two models.