Expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 between pancreatic microcirculation and peripheral circulation in rats with acute edematous pancreatitis

OBJECTIVE: To study the ehanges of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) expression on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in peripheral circulation anti pancreatic microcirculation in rats with acute edematous pancreatitis (AEP). METHODS: The model of AEP was established with 50 Wistar rats, and the changes of PECAM-1 expression on PMNs from the splenic vein and inferior vena cava were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: PECAM-I expression on PMNs showed no significant difference between pancreatic microcirculation and peripheral circulation at AEP2h and AEP4h time points. From the AEP4h to the AEP8h time point, PECAM-1 expression in peripheral circulation was up-regulated, but PECAM-1 expression in pancreatic microcirculation was down-regulated. PECAM-1 expression had a significant difference between pancreatic microcirculation and peripheral circulation at the AEP8h time point (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: PECAM-1 expression on PMNs is in a converse way between pancreatic microcirculation and peripheral circulation in AEP.

Effect of glaciers on the annual catchment water balance within Budyko framework

The effects of catchment characteristics and climate variables on water partitioning into evapotranspiratio n and runoff can be evaluated using the Budyko framework.However,the influence of glaciers on catchment characteristics within the framework has yet been adequately investigated.Here we extend the Budyko framework and apply the elasticity method to examine the effects of glaciers on runoff between 2001 and 2010 in 25 upstream catchments of the Tarim River Basin in western China.The consideration of glacier mass balance and glacier fraction improves the performance of the Budyko framework,especially for the catchments with a high glacier fraction.We found that the catchment characteristic parameterwas strongly affected by glacier fraction,and it changes from 1.15 to 2.09 when glacier fraction decreases from 0.4191 to 0.0005.This also reflects the change in water-energy partitioning that eventually effects on evapotranspiration and runoff.We further assessed the average runoff responses to changes in precipitation,potential evapotranspiration,glacier mass balance,and glacier fraction in the 25 catchments.Although the runoff appears most sensitive to precipitation in average,its sensitivity to glacier mass balance and glacier area in fact rises from-0.07%to 0.17% and about 0-0.54%,respectively,when the glacier fraction increases from 0.0005 to 0.4191,further demonstrating the increasing influence of glaciers when the fraction becomes larger.After all,the inclusion of glacier factors in the Budyko framework allows us to understand more about the impacts and contributions of glaciers to runoff at a catchment scale.