NiO/β-Ga_(2)O_(3)heterojunction diodes with ultra-low leakage current below 10^(-10)A and high thermostability

The 10 nm p-NiO thin film is prepared by thermal oxidation of Ni onβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)to form NiO/β-Ga_(2)O_(3)p-n heterojunction diodes(HJDs).The NiO/β-Ga_(2)O_(3)HJDs exhibit excellent electrostatic properties,with a high breakdown voltage of 465 V,a specific on-resistance(Ron,sp)of 3.39 mΩ·cm^(2),and a turn-on voltage(V on)of 1.85 V,yielding a static Baliga's figure of merit(FOM)of 256 MW/cm^(2).Also,the HJDs have a low turn-on voltage,which reduces conduction loss dramatically,and a rectification ratio of up to 108.Meanwhile,the HJDs'reverse leakage current is essentially unaffected at temperatures below 170?C,and their leakage level may be controlled below 10^(-10)A.This indicates that p-NiO/β-Ga_(2)O_(3)HJDs with good thermal stability and high-temperature operating ability can be a good option for high-performanceβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)power devices.

Quantitative trait loci analysis for rice seed vigor during the germination stage

Seed vigor is an important characteristic of seed quality,and rice cultivars with strong seed vigor are desirable in direct-sowing rice production for optimum stand establishment.In the present study,the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of three traits for rice seed vigor during the germination stage,including germination rate,final germination percentage,and germination index,were investigated using one recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between japonica Daguandao and indica IR28,and using the multiple interval mapping (MIM) approach.The results show that indica rice presented stronger seed vigor during the germination stage than japonica rice.A total of ten QTLs,and at least five novel alleles,were detected to control rice seed vigor,and the amount of variation (R2) explained by an individual QTL ranged from 7.5% to 68.5%,with three major QTLs with R2>20%.Most of the QTLs detected here are likely to coincide with QTLs for seed weight,seed size,or seed dormancy,suggesting that the rice seed vigor might be correlated with seed weight,seed size,and seed dormancy.At least five QTLs are novel alleles with no previous reports of seed vigor genes in rice,and those major or minor QTLs could be used to significantly improve the seed vigor by marker-assisted selection (MAS) in rice.

Modeling, Experimental Study on the Heat Transfer Characteristics of Thermoelectric Generator

This paper investigates the heat transfer characteristics of a thermoelectric generator. The influence of heat dissipation intensity to the sub-thermal resistances distribution is experimentally studied. Based on the thermal network analysis and finite time thermodynamics, an analytical model including all thermal resistances (in both thermocouples and external heat exchangers) is developed to predict the performance of the generator. The results show that the computed values of output power agree well with the experimental values. The heat transfer enhancement on the generator cold side greatly reduces the cold side temperature and thermal resistance, and obviously improves the output power. Compare with air natural convection cooling, the main thermal resistance changes from the resistance between the fins and the ambient to the thermal contact resistances between the generator and the heat sink at the conditions of forced convection and water cooling. This study may be guide the optimization of generator structure.

收获前化学脱水剂处理对水稻种子干燥及质量的影响（英文）

目的：筛选适宜于水稻收获前田间种子快速干燥处理的试剂和方法，为大规模种子生产过程中降低种子干燥成本、提早种子收获及确保种子质量提供基础。创新点：明确了敌草快、百草枯和乙烯利化学脱水剂处理，对杂交籼稻和常规粳稻种子干燥、粒重及发芽的影响，成功筛选出适宜于水稻生产的化学脱水剂敌草快。方法：利用不同浓度敌草快、百草枯、乙烯利等配制的化学脱水剂，对抽穗后第4周的杂交籼稻盐两优88和抽穗后第6周的常规粳稻武运粳7号分别进行喷施。其中，2013年采用了12种不同浓度的试剂处理，以未喷施试剂为空白对照，2014年对前一年试验中表现效果最好的处理（120g／ha敌草快）进行重复验证。处理后2d和4d收获种子，测定种子含水量（MC）、粒重（Gw）、发芽率（GR）、发芽指数（GI）和成苗率（SP）等指标。结论：对水稻喷施不同化学脱水剂2d和4d后，与对照相比，种子MC和SP显著降低（图1和5），但未影响GW、GR和GI（图2～4）。结合两年试验结果发现，喷施120g／ha敌草快具有较好的种子干燥效果，喷施后对种子粒重、发芽和成苗等影响较小（图6-8）。因此，敌草快可以作为水稻收获前种子干燥脱水剂，具有潜在的应用价值。研究结果为今后进一步开展水稻大规模田间种子脱水干燥处理提供基础。

NADPH oxidase is involved in Tat-induced NFκB activation

Transcription of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) is activated by viral Tat protein which regulates HIV-long terminal reapaet (LTR) transcription and elongation.