Neuromyelitis optica(NMO)is an autoimmune demyelinating disease that mainly affects the optic nerve and spinal cord,potentially resulting in blindness and paralysis.Once thought to be a clinical variant of multiple sc...Neuromyelitis optica(NMO)is an autoimmune demyelinating disease that mainly affects the optic nerve and spinal cord,potentially resulting in blindness and paralysis.Once thought to be a clinical variant of multiple sclerosis,NMO is currently considered as a different disease with its own features due to the identification of a specific autoantibody against aquaporin 4.Given the high risk of disability,treatment should be launched once the diagnosis is established.Evidence from clinical practice showed that traditional immunosuppressive agents affecting the function of T and B cells could attenuate disease exacerbation.Recently,with better understanding pathogenesis of NMO,increasing bodies of novel therapies and therapeutic targets have been discovered.In this review,the authors discuss the current strategies of treating NMO in details and briefly introduce the potential therapies in future.展开更多
Myasthenia gravis(MG)is an acquired autoimmune disease affecting synaptic transmission via the neuromuscular junction mainly due to the presence of auto-antibodies targeting acetylcholine receptors.Ocular or generaliz...Myasthenia gravis(MG)is an acquired autoimmune disease affecting synaptic transmission via the neuromuscular junction mainly due to the presence of auto-antibodies targeting acetylcholine receptors.Ocular or generalized MG is clinically diagnosed when the extra-ocular muscles or other muscle groups beyond the extra-ocular muscles are involved.MG occurs in both sexes at any ages from all races but shows a wide variability in incidence and prevalence.Differences in clinical phenotypes of MG patients between West and East countries have been observed.Herein,we review the current concept on epidemiology,classification,and generalized progression in MG,mainly focusing on the differential features from China's Mainland.展开更多
基金supported by the New Clinical Technique or Program of Tangdu Hospital in 2013,2014.
文摘Neuromyelitis optica(NMO)is an autoimmune demyelinating disease that mainly affects the optic nerve and spinal cord,potentially resulting in blindness and paralysis.Once thought to be a clinical variant of multiple sclerosis,NMO is currently considered as a different disease with its own features due to the identification of a specific autoantibody against aquaporin 4.Given the high risk of disability,treatment should be launched once the diagnosis is established.Evidence from clinical practice showed that traditional immunosuppressive agents affecting the function of T and B cells could attenuate disease exacerbation.Recently,with better understanding pathogenesis of NMO,increasing bodies of novel therapies and therapeutic targets have been discovered.In this review,the authors discuss the current strategies of treating NMO in details and briefly introduce the potential therapies in future.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31200665,31270952 and 81301069).
文摘Myasthenia gravis(MG)is an acquired autoimmune disease affecting synaptic transmission via the neuromuscular junction mainly due to the presence of auto-antibodies targeting acetylcholine receptors.Ocular or generalized MG is clinically diagnosed when the extra-ocular muscles or other muscle groups beyond the extra-ocular muscles are involved.MG occurs in both sexes at any ages from all races but shows a wide variability in incidence and prevalence.Differences in clinical phenotypes of MG patients between West and East countries have been observed.Herein,we review the current concept on epidemiology,classification,and generalized progression in MG,mainly focusing on the differential features from China's Mainland.
