Tissue array for Tp53,C-myc,CCND1 gene over-expression in different tumors

AIM:To rapidly detect molecular alterations in different malignancies and investigate the possible role of Tp53,C-myc,and CCND1 genes in development of tumors in human organs and their adjacent normal tissues,as well as the possible relation between well-and poorly-differentiated tumors.METHODS:A tissue array consisting of seven different tumors was generated.The tissue array included 120 points of esophagus,120 points of stomach,80 points of rectum,60 points of thyroid gland,100 points of mammary gland,80 points of liver,and 80 points of colon.Expressions of Tp53,C-myc,and CCND1 were determined by RNA in situ hybridization.3' terminal digoxin-labeled anti-sense single stranded oligonucleotide and locked nucleic acid modifying probe were used.RESULTS:The expression level of Tp53 gene was higher in six different carcinoma tissue samples than in paracancerous tissue samples with the exception in colon carcinoma tissue samples(P < 0.05).The expression level of CCND1 gene was significantly different in different carcinoma tissue samples with the exception in esophagus and colon carcinoma tissue samples.The expression level of C-myc gene was different in esophagus carcinoma tissue samples(c2 = 18.495,P = 0.000),stomach carcinoma tissue samples(c2 = 23.750,P = 0.000),and thyroid gland tissue samples(c2 = 10.999,P = 0.004).The intensity of signals was also different in different carcinoma tissue samples and paracancerous tissue samples.CONCLUSION:Over-expression of the Tp53,CCND1,and C-myc genes appears to play a role in development of human cancer by regulating the expression of mRNA.Tp53,CCND1 and C-myc genes are significantly correlated with the development of different carcinomas.

Laser fragmentation in liquid synthesis of novel palladium-sulfur compound nanoparticles as efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction

One promising way to tune the physicochemical properties of materials and optimize their performance in various potential applications is to engineer material structures at the atomic level.As is well known,the performance of Pd-based catalysts has long been constrained by surface contamination and their single structure.Here,we employed an unadulterated top-down synthesis method,known as laser fragmentation in liquid(LFL),to modify pristine Pd PS crystals and obtained a kind of metastable palladium-sulfur compound nanoparticles(LFL-Pd S NPs)as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Laser fragmentation of the layered Pd PS crystal led to a structural reorganization at the atomic level and resulted in the formation of uniform metastable LFL-Pd S NPs.Noteworthy,the LFL-Pd S NPs show excellent electrocatalytic HER performance and stability in acidic media,with an overpotential of-66 m V at 10 m A·cm^(-2),the Tafel slope of 42 m V·dec^(-1).The combined catalytic performances of our LFL-Pd S NPs are comparable to the Pt/C catalyst for HER.This work provides a top-down synthesis strategy as a promising approach to design highly active metastable metal composite electrocatalysts for sustainable energy applications.