Joint optimization scheduling for water conservancy projects incomplex river networks

In this study, we simulated water flow in a water conservancy project consisting of various hydraulic structures, such as sluices, pumping stations, hydropower stations, ship locks, and culverts, and developed a multi-period and multi-variable joint optimization scheduling model for flood control, drainage, and irrigation. In this model, the number of sluice holes, pump units, and hydropower station units to be opened were used as decision variables, and different optimization objectives and constraints were considered. This model was solved with improved genetic algorithms and verified using the Huaian Water Conservancy Project as an example. The results show that the use of the joint optimization scheduling led to a 10% increase in the power generation capacity and a 15% reduction in the total energy consumption. The change in the water level was reduced by 0.25 m upstream of the Yundong Sluice, and by 50% downstream of pumping stations No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4. It is clear that the joint optimization scheduling proposed in this study can effectively improve power generation capacity of the project, minimize operating costs and energy consumption, and enable more stable operation of various hydraulic structures. The results may provide references for the management of water conservancy projects in complex river networks.

癌基质变化与前列腺癌去势治疗抵抗的临床相关性研究

研究晚期前列腺癌（Pca）组织中癌基质表达及变化，与去势治疗抵抗的（CRPC）的临床相关性。148例晚期Pca患者接受药物或手术去势，治疗后48个月设为临床随访终结时间，记录患者是否出现CRPC及时间。采用Massontrichrome染色法和vimentin、desmin免疫组化法检测癌基质中癌相关成纤维细胞（CAFs）的表达及分布特征。评估CRPC与CAFs分布、vimentin和desmin表达的相关性。结果发现，CAFs分布与Gleason评分存在负相关性。在Gleason6—7分Pca中，癌巢内CAFs分布（Masson82．8％VS45．6％，P〈0．001）、vimentin表达（P=0．005）显著高于临近癌旁组织，desmin表达显著减少（P=0．004）。在Gleason8—9分PCa中，癌巢内CAFs分布显著减少（Masson15％VS82．8％，P〈0．001）。生存率曲线分析显示在Gleason6-7分中，癌巢内CAFs分布与CRPC存在相关性（P=0．009），vimentin高表达者或desrnin低表达者，患者发生CRPC时间早，预后不佳；多因素变量分析显示癌巢内vimentin表达可作为PCa患者去势治疗后独立的预后指标（P=0．012）。结果表明PCa基质变化与CRPC存在相关性。对于Gleason6—7分且癌基质中CAFs高表达者，检测vimentin有助于发现易发生去势抵抗的PCa患者，可作为新的预后判断指标。

Organophosphine ligand derived sandwich-structural electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction

The synchronous construction of metal phosphate and phosphorus-doped carbon structures is of great significance to innovate the design,synthesis,and application of catalysts,as these phosphoruscontaining composite materials have shown a remarkable contribution to electrocatalysts.However,their preparation procedure generally involves using large amounts of excess phosphorus sources for phosphorization,which inevitably release poisonous PH_(3) or dangerous phosphorus vapor.Here,a strategy for in-situ formation of FePO_(4) embedded in P-doped carbon 2D nano film(FePO_(4)/PdC)is developed using a highly integrated precursor,which is a small molecular organophosphine ligand,1,1’bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene(DPPF).The multi-source precursor DPPF that contains Fe,P,and C is molecular-vapor-deposited on the nickel foam(NF)supported ZIF-67 nanosheets to obtain the composite catalyst,namely DPPF-500/ZIF-67/NF.FePO_(4)/PdC encapsulated the ZIF-67 derived Co/N-doped carbon matrix(Co NC)to form a sandwich structure FePO_(4)/PdC@CoNC.The constructed catalyst shows good performance for OER,requiring an overpotential of only 297 m V to deliver 600 m A/cm^(2) with a Tafel slope of 42.7 m V dec^(-1).DFT calculations demonstrate that the synergistic effects between the metal active center and P-doped carbon film reduce the energy barriers and improve electron transport.This method of constructing P-containing catalysts overcomes the demand for additional P sources to realize eco-friendly fabrication and yields a unique structure with good catalytic activity.

High capacity adsorption of antimony in biomass-based composite and its consequential utilization as battery anode

Antimony is more than an emerging pollutant in water but a scare resource.In this study,we report an adsorbent with the record capacity so far from the balanced view of Sb(Ⅲ) and Sb(Ⅴ).The composite adsorbent was fabricated by encapsulating hollow Fe_(3)O_(4)nanosphere with the EDTA grafted chitosan,and it has superhigh adsorption capacity of for 657.1 mg/g for Sb(Ⅲ) and 467.3 mg/g for Sb(Ⅴ),respectively.The mechanism study reveals that the adsorption of Sb initializes from the Fe_(3)O_(4),propagates along the chitosan with hydrogen bond,and terminates at the inner sphere complex with the EDTA moiety in the adsorbent.In view of the ultra-high adsorption capacity of the adsorbent,the recovered adsorbent that contains abundant (>36.4%) highly dispersed antimony nanoparticles (600-FCSE-Sb) is applied to Li-ion battery anode after reduction.This article provides a new idea for connecting water treatment and electric energy storage.

Determining the contribution of Mo single atoms components in MoO_(2)nanocatalyst in transfer hydrogenation

Nanocatalysts are likely to contain undetected single-atom components,which may have been ignored but have significant effect in catalytic reactions.Herein,we report a catalyst composed of Mo single atoms(SAs)and MoO_(2)nanoparticles(NPs)(MoSAs-MoO_(2)@NC),which is an exact model to understand how the SAs contribute to the nanocatalyst.Both experimental results and the density functional theory calculations reveal that Mo SAs on nitrogen-doped carbon provides the reaction zone for nitro reduction,while MoO_(2)is the active site for decomposing hydrazine hydrate to produce H*.Thanks to the synergy between Mo SAs and MoO_(2)NPs,this catalyst exhibits noble metal-like catalytic activity(100%conversion at 4 min)for the dechlorination-proof transfer hydrogenation.Additionally,the hydrogen migration on the catalyst is verified by the electrochemical tests in the absence of a hydrogen source.This work provides a model for further study on the coexistence of single atoms in nanoparticle catalysts.

Multi-shell nanocomposites based multienzyme mimetics for efficient intracellular antioxidation

Oxidative stress is associated with many acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.Development of nanomaterial-based enzyme mimetics for reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging is challenging,but holds great promise for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.Herein,we report the highly ordered manganese dioxide encapsulated selenium-melanin(Se@Me@MnO_(2))nanozyme with high efficiency for intracellular antioxidation and anti-inflammation.The Se@Me@MnO_(2)nanozyme is sequentially fabricated through the radical polymerization and the in-situ oxidation-reduction.In vitro experimental results demonstrated that the Se@Me@MnO_(2) nanozyme exhibits multiple enzyme activities to scavenge ROS,including catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GPx)and superoxide dismutase(SOD).Mechanism researches illustrated that the Se core possesses GPx-like catalytic activity,the Me and the MnO_(2) possess both the SOD-like and the CAT-like activities.What’s more,due to the stable unpaired electrons existing in the nanozyme,the Se,Me and MnO_(2) provide synergistic and fast electron transfer effect to achieve the quickly scavenging of hydrogen peroxide,hydroxyl radical,and superoxide anion.Further in vivo experimental results showed that this biocompatible nanozyme exhibits cytoprotective effects by resisting ROS-mediated damage,thereby alleviating the inflammation.This multienzyme mimetics is believed to be an excellent ROS scavenger and have a good potential in clinical therapy for ROS-related diseases.

State of the art in flexible SERS sensors toward label-free and onsite detection:From design to applications

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)as a powerful non-invasive spectroscopic technique has been intensively used in bio/chemical sensing,enabling ultrasensitive detection of various analytes and high specificity with a fingerprint-like characteristic.Flexible SERS sensors conformally adapting to nonplanar surfaces and allowing swab-sampling or in-situ detection of analytes,which are not achievable for rigid SERS sensors,greatly meet the demand of onsite and real-time diagnostics.However,the rational design and fabrication of flexible SERS-based sensors for point-of-care diagnostics aiming to simultaneously achieve extremely high sensitivity,stability,and good signal reproducibility remain many challenges.We present a state-of-the-art review of the flexible SERS sensors.Attentions are devoted to engineering plasmonic substrates for improving the performance of flexible SERS devices.Strategies of constructing the flexible SERS sensors toward point-of-care detection are investigated in depth.Advanced algorithms assisting the SERS data process are also presented for intelligently distinguishing the species and contents of analytes.The promising applications of flexible SERS sensors in medical diagnostics,environmental analyses,food safety,and forensic science are displayed.The flexible SERS devices serving as powerful analytical tools shed new light on the in-situ and point-of-care detection of real-world analytes in a convenient,facile,and non-destructive manner,and especially are conceivable to serve as next-generation wearable sensors for healthcare.

Cp_2ZrCl_2-catalyzed synthesis of 2-aminovinyl benzimidazoles under microwave conditions

A microwave-assisted general method for the synthesis of 2-aminovinyl benzimidazoles has been developed.Treatment of the 1,2-phenylenediamines and N-arylated/N,N-dialkylated 3-aminoacroleins with bis(cyclopentadienyl)zirconium(IV) dichloride(Cp2Zr Cl2) as the catalyst under microwave irradiation for 3–5 min followed by in situ Mn O2 oxidation afforded thirteen 2-aminovinyl benzimidazoles in good yields.

Stabilization technology and corrosion mechanism of rust layer on Q370 weathering steel surface

A newly developed rust layer on Q370qENH weathering steel(sample C)was studied under dry–wet cycle test of 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution and salt spray test,compared with the bare weathering steel(sample A)and the weathering steel with additive contents(CuSO_(4)0.2,FeSO_(4)0.1,NaHSO_(3)0.02,NaCl 0.02,Na_(2)HPO_(4)0.01,and water balance,in mass%,termed as sample B).Corrosion mechanism of Q370qENH weathering steel after different surface treatments was investigated by means of surface potential scanning,mass change,polarization curve,and X-ray diffraction.The results of X-ray diffraction indicate that rust of bare weathering steel has rare Fe_(3)O_(4),and a dense oxide layer mainly composed of Fe_(3)O_(4) is formed on rust of both sample B and sample C.The surface potential of sample A gradually increases to−0.2 V in the dry–wet cycle test,while the surface potential of sample A maintains at about−0.6 V in the salt spray test.The surface potential of sample B and sample C is higher than that of sample A in the early stage and remains stable during the short-term accelerated corrosion test.Moreover,the mass change of sample C gradually stabilizes with time in the dry–wet cycle and salt spray test.The corrosion current of the sample A is lower than that of sample C in the initial stage of short-term accelerated corrosion test.However,the corrosion current of sample C is smaller than that of the sample A in the experiment.The main components of the deep rust of sample A areγ-FeOOH andα-FeOOH,while those of the deep rust of sample B and sample C are Fe_(3)O_(4).