Analysis of identification methods of key nodes in transportation network

The identification of key nodes plays an important role in improving the robustness of the transportation network.For different types of transportation networks,the effect of the same identification method may be different.It is of practical significance to study the key nodes identification methods corresponding to various types of transportation networks.Based on the knowledge of complex networks,the metro networks and the bus networks are selected as the objects,and the key nodes are identified by the node degree identification method,the neighbor node degree identification method,the weighted k-shell degree neighborhood identification method(KSD),the degree k-shell identification method(DKS),and the degree k-shell neighborhood identification method(DKSN).Take the network efficiency and the largest connected subgraph as the effective indicators.The results show that the KSD identification method that comprehensively considers the elements has the best recognition effect and has certain practical significance.

The history, hotspots, and trends of electrocardiogram

The electrocardiogram （ECG） has broad applications in clinical diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular disease. Many researchers have contributed to its progressive development. To commemorate those pioneers, and to better study and promote the use of ECG, we reviewed and present here a systematic introduction about the history, hotspots, and trends of ECG. In the historical part, information including the invention, improvement, and extensive applications of ECG, such as in long QT syndrome （LQTS）, angina, and myocardial infarction （MI）, are chronologi- cally presented. New technologies and applications from the 1990s are also introduced. In the second part, we use the bibliometric analysis me- thod to analyze the hotspots in the field of ECG-related research. By using total citations and year-specific total citations as our main criteria, four key hotspots in ECG-related research were identified from 11 articles, including atrial fibrillation, LQTS, angina and MI, and heart rate variability. Recent studies in those four areas are also reported. In the final part, we discuss the future trends concerning ECG-related research. The authors believe that improvement of the ECG instrumentation, big data mining for ECG, and the accuracy of diagnosis and application will be areas of continuous concern.

CEPC Technical Design Report

The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV Linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs factory.In its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 MW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs bosons.Increasing the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of magnitude.This Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering aspects.Additionally,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection procedures.Construction is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 years.The commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.

A review of enantioselective dual transition metal/photoredox catalysis

Transition metal catalysis is one of the most important tools to construct carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds in modern organic synthesis. Visible-light photoredox catalysis has recently drawn considerable attention of the scientific community owing to its unique activation modes and significance for the green synthesis. The merger of photoredox catalysis with transition metal catalysts, termed metallaphotoredox catalysis, has become a popular strategy for expanding the synthetic utility of visiblelight photocatalysis. This strategy has led to the discovery of novel asymmetric transformations, which are unfeasible or not easily accessible by a single catalytic system. This contemporary area of organic chemistry holds promise for the development of economical and environmentally friendly methods for the asymmetric synthesis of chiral compounds. In this review, the advances in the enantioselective metallaphotoredox catalysis(EMPC) are summarized.

Fast and high-fidelity generation of photonic Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states in circuit QED

A fast scheme to generate Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states between different cavities in circuit QED systems is proposed.To implement this scheme,we design a feasible experimental device with three qubits and three cavities.In this device,all the couplings between qubit and qubit,cavity and qubit are tunable and are independent with frequencies,and thus the shortcut to adiabaticity technique can be directly applied in our scheme.It is demonstrated that the GHZ state can be generated rapidly with high fidelity in our scheme.

Scalar quintuplet minimal dark matter with Yukawa interactions:perturbative up to the Planck scale

We confront the perturbativity problem in the real scalar quintuplet minimal dark matter model. In the original model, the quintuplet quartic self-coupling inevitably hits a Landau pole at a scale ～10^(14) GeV, far below the Planck scale. In order to push up this Landau pole scale, we extend the model with a fermionic quintuplet and three fermionic singlets which couple to the scalar quintuplet via Yukawa interactions. Involving such Yukawa interactions at a scale ～10^(10) GeV can not only keep all couplings perturbative up to the Planck scale, but can also explain the smallness of neutrino masses via the type-I seesaw mechanism. Furthermore, we identify the parameter regions favored by the condition that perturbativity and vacuum stability are both maintained up to the Planck scale.

光氧化还原与Brønsted酸协同催化合成手性非天然α-氨基酸

手性非天然α-氨基酸是一类重要的有机化合物,广泛存在于天然产物和生物活性分子中[1],同时也被作为手性切块广泛应用于合成许多具有生理活性的多肽和手性药物分子[2].手性非天然α-氨基酸高效地构建一直是有机化学领域研究的热点之一[3].目前,通过离子型反应来合成手性α-氨基酸已经取得较大的进展,比如,不对称Strecker反应,不对称Mannich反应,烯胺的不对称氢化反应,以及手性相转移催化的甘氨酸衍生物的不对称烷基化反应等(Scheme1).自由基型反应在该领域进展相对缓慢.

Geminga contribution to the cosmic-ray positron excess according to the gamma-ray observations

We attempt to interpret the cosmic-ray positron excess by injection from the nearby pulsar Geminga,assuming a two-zone diffusion scenario and an injection spectrum with a low energy cutoff.Since the high energy positrons and electrons from Geminga can induceγrays via inverse Compton scattering,we take into account the extendedγ-ray observations around Geminga from HAWC for∼10 TeV and from Fermi-LAT forO(10)GeV.According to the extendedγ-ray observation claimed by an analysis of Fermi-LAT data,we find that Geminga could explain the positron excess for a 30%energy conversion efficiency into positrons and electrons.However,based on the constraint on the extendedγrays given by another Fermi-LAT analysis,positrons from Geminga would be insufficient to account for the positron excess.Further robust analysis of Fermi-LAT data for the extendedγrays would be crucial to determine whether Geminga can explain the positron excess or not.