OCTA评估糖尿病视网膜病变患者全视网膜激光光凝后黄斑区血流情况

目的:使用光学相干断层血流成像技术(OCTA)评估重度非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(S-NPDR)患者和健康受试者黄斑区血管网的区别以及S-NPDR患者全视网膜激光光凝(PRP)前后指标的变化。方法:前瞻性研究。共纳入18例31眼S-NPDR患者和健康受试者31眼。使用OCTA检测黄斑血流密度以及中心凹无血管区(FAZ)的面积和体积。结果:与正常对照组相比,S-NPDR患者的浅层视网膜毛细血管丛(SCP)中,除了中心凹血流密度外其余的黄斑区血流密度均下降。在深层视网膜毛细血管丛(DCP)中,S-NPDR患者的黄斑血流密度也有所下降。此外,S-NPDR患者FAZ面积和体积扩大。S-NPDR患者接受PRP 6mo后,中心凹SCP和DCP密度明显增加,而FAZ面积和体积缩小。接受PRP 3mo后,只有中心凹的DCP增加。S-NPDR患者接受PRP 1mo后,中心凹SCP和DCP密度以及FAZ面积和体积的变化比较无差异。结论:OCTA检测显示S-NPDR患者的黄斑毛细血管网受损。尽管OCTA的这些指标在S-NPDR患者接受PRP 1、3mo后没有明显变化,但是在6mo的随访后这些指标发生变化,在临床上具有参考意义。

Optical properties and magnetic properties of antisite-disordered Ni_(1-x)Co_xCr_2O_4 spinels

From the UV?Vis absorption spectra,the FT-IR absorption spectra and the Raman spectra,it is deduced that Co ionsprimarily occupy the tetrahedral(A)site,with a minor number of them entering into the octahedral(B)site in the Ni1?xCoxCr2O4compounds.The origin of the position disorder of the Co ions is consistent with the similar ionic radii of the Co ion(0.65?)and theCr ion(0.62?)at B site.The FT-IR peak at about510cm?1shifts towards high frequency side with the increasing cobalt content.Itis resulted from the reduction of the cation?oxygen distance in the octahedron by the replacement of the Ni2+with the Co2+ions.Themagnetic measurement shows that Curie temperatures(TC)are75and90K for the compounds with x=0.2and0.8,respectively.

A novel Nance-Horan syndrome mutation identified by next-generation sequencing in a Chinese family

AIM: To identify the disease-causing mutation in a fourgeneration Chinese family diagnosed with Nance-Horan syndrome(NHS). METHODS: A Chinese family, including four affected patients and four healthy siblings, was recruited. All family members received ophthalmic examinations with medical histories provided. Targeted next-generation sequencing approach was conducted on the two affected males to screen for their disease-causing mutations. RESULTS: Two male family members diagnosed with NHS manifested bilateral congenital cataracts microcornea, strabismus and subtle facial and dental abnormalities, while female carriers presented posterior Y-sutural cataracts. A novel frameshift mutation(c.3916_3919 del) in the NHS gene was identified. This deletion was predicted to alter the reading frame and generate a premature termination codon after a new reading frame. CONCLUSION: The study discovers a new frameshift mutation in a Chinese family with NHS. The findings broaden the spectrum of NHS mutations that can cause NHS in Chinese patients.

Highly efficient electroreduction of CO_(2) by defect single-atomic Ni-N_(3) sites anchored on ordered micro-macroporous carbons

Microporous supports typically fail to fully expose active sites for electrolytes and CO_(2) molecules,and this usually results in low current density for the electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).To overcome the biggest obstacle and facilitate commercial applications,defective single-atomic Ni-N_(3) sites anchored to ordered micro-macroporous N-doped carbon(Ni-N/OMC)have been prepared by the pyrolysis of the Ni-ZIF-8@PS(ZIF=zeolitic imidazolate framework)and are intended to provide enhanced CO_(2)RR with a current density at an industrial level.This Ni-ZIF-8@PS is constructed of nickel-based ZIF-8 embedded in the three-dimensional(3D)highly ordered polystyrene spheres(PS).The 3D ordered micro-macroporous architecture of Ni-N/OMC could facilitate the mass transfer of substrates to the accessible defective single-atomic Ni-N_(3) sites through micropores(0.6 nm)and macropores(~200 nm)interconnected by 50 nm channels.In a flow cell,Ni-N/OMC exhibits almost 100.0%CO Faraday efficiency(FECO)between−0.2 and−1.1 V vs.RHE and an industrial level CO partial current density of 208 mA cm^(−2).It has a turnover frequency of 1.5×10^(5) h^(−1) at−1.1 V vs.RHE in 1 M KOH electrolyte,which exceeds that of most reported nickel-based electrocatalysts.This excellent CO_(2)RR performance for Ni-N/OMC makes it a state-of-the-art electrocatalyst for CO_(2)RR.Theoretical calculations show that the defective Ni-N_(3) site can lower the energy of*COOH formation compared with that of the Ni-N4 site,thereby accelerating CO_(2)RR.Ni-N/OMC can also be utilized as a cathodic catalyst in Zn-CO_(2) battery,exhibiting high CO selectivity in the discharge process and excellent stability.This work paves a pathway to rational design of highly efficient electrocatalysts with 3D hierarchically ordered micro-macroporous architecture for CO_(2)RR towards industrial production and commercial applications.

Ni single-atom sites supported on carbon aerogel for highly efficient electroreduction of carbon dioxide with industrial current densities

Finding highly efficient electrocatalysts for the CO_(2)electroreduction reactions(CO_(2)RR)that have high selectivity and appreciable current density to meet commercial application standards remains a challenge.Because their reduction potentials are similar to that of the associated competitive hydrogen evolution reaction and the CO_(2)activation kinetics are sluggish.Although single-atom catalysts(SACs)with high atom efficiency are one class of promising candidates for the CO_(2)RR to produce CO,single-atom active sites supported on microporous carbons are not fully exposed to substrates and thus lead to low current density.Carbon aerogels with interconnected channels and macropores can facilitate mass transport.But few reports describe utilizing them as supports to anchor SACs for efficient electrocatalysis.Herein,N-doped carbon aerogels supporting Ni single atomic catalyst sites(denoted as Ni-NCA-X,X¼10,20)were fabricated by pyrolyzing Ni/Zn bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate framework(Ni/Zn-ZIF-8)/carboxymethylcellulose composite gels.Owing to abundant hierarchical micro-,meso-,and macropores and high CO_(2)adsorption,the Ni single active sites in the optimal Ni-NCA-10 were readily accessible for the electrolyte and CO_(2)molecules and thus achieved an industrial-level CO partial current density of 226 mA cm?2,a high CO Faradaic efficiency of 95.6%at?1.0 V vs.the reversible hydrogen electrode,and a large turnover frequency of 271810 h?1 in a flow-cell reactor at?1.0 V.Such excellent CO_(2)RR performance makes Ni-NCA-10 a rare state-of-the-art electrocatalyst for CO_(2)-to-CO conversion.This work provides an effective strategy for designing highly efficient electrocatalysts toward the CO_(2)RR to achieve industrial current density via anchoring single-atom sites on carbon aerogels.