血栓调节蛋白抑制慢性肾脏病微炎症的机制研究进展

慢性肾脏病患者体内普遍存在一种微炎症状态,这种持续存在的炎症状态会进一步加重肾脏损伤。如何改善慢性肾脏病患者的微炎症状态是当今国内外研究关注的热点之一。而与肾脏血管内皮受损密切相关的血栓调节蛋白是调控体内多种生理反应的关键位点,具有抗凝、抗炎、保护内皮细胞及维持血管稳态的功能,可为慢性肾脏病抗炎治疗提供新的思路。因此,该文就血栓调节蛋白抑制慢性肾脏病微炎症的机制展开综述。

Correlation between intracoronary thrombus components and coronary blood flow after percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction at different onset time

BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction(AMI)is a leading cause of mortality.Early reperfusion to restore blood flow is crucial to successful treatment.In the current reperfusion regimen,an increasing number of patients have benefited from direct percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).In order to understand whether there is a correlation between the components of coronary thrombosis and the absence of reflow or slow blood flow after coronary stent implantation in direct PCI,we collected data on direct PCI cases in our hospital between January 2016 and November 2018.AIM To investigate the correlation between intracoronary thrombus components and coronary blood flow after stent implantation in direct PCI in AMI.METHODS We enrolled 154 patients(85 male and 69 female,aged 36–81 years)with direct PCI who underwent thrombus catheter aspiration within<3,3–6 or 6–12 h of onset of AMI between January 2016 and November 2018.The thrombus was removed for pathological examination under a microscope.The patients of the three groups according to the onset time of AMI were further divided into those with a white or red thrombus.The thrombolysis in myocardial infarction(TIMI)blood flow after stent implantation was recorded based on digital subtraction angiography during PCI.The number of patients with no-reflow and slow blood flow in each group was counted.Statistical analysis was performed based on data such as onset time,TIMI blood flow.RESULTS There were significant differences in thrombus components between the patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(P<0.01).In the group with PCI<3 h after onset of AMI,there was no significant difference in the incidence of no-reflow and slow-flow between the white and red thrombus groups.In the groups with PCI 3-6 and 6-12 h after onset of AMI,there was a significant difference in the incidence of no-reflow and slow-flow between the white and red thrombus groups(P<0.01).There was a significant correlation between the onset time of AMI and the occurrences of no-reflow and slow blood flow during PCI(P<0.01).CONCLUSION In direct PCI,the onset time of AMI and color of coronary thrombus are often used to predict whether there will be no reflow or slow blood flow after stent implantation.

Measurement scheme to detect α relaxation time of glass-forming liquid

A measurement scheme for detecting theαrelaxation time(τ)of glass-forming liquid is proposed,which is based on the measured ionic conductivity of the liquid doped with probing ions by low-and middle-frequency dielectric spectroscopy and according to the Nernst-Einstein,Stokes-Einstein,and Maxwell equations.The obtainedτvalues of glycerol and propylene carbonate by the scheme are consistent with those obtained by traditional dielectric spectroscopy,which confirms its reliability and accuracy.Moreover,theτof 1,2-propanediol in a larger temperature range is compared with existing data.

A New Model of Ferroelectric Phase Transition with Neglectable Tunneling Effect

Due to the obvious deviations of the existing theoretical models from the experimental results of ferroelectric phase transition, a new model is proposed on the basis of the coupling between spontaneous polarization and spontaneous strain in ferroelectrics. The spontaneous polarization and specific heat of ferroelectric phase transition predicted by the model are in better agreement with the corresponding data of triglyceride sulfate, a typical ferroelectric.In addition, the model predicts a new type of ferroelectric in which a phase transition and a phase-like transition coexist.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV

Background:The number of HIV-positive pregnant women accounted for about 10% of China’s total over the past few years in Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan province in China. Although cost-effectiveness of the PMTCT of HIV have been evaluated in other previous studies, no specific study has been conducted in Liangshan prefecture, nor has the expenses paid individually by HIV-positive pregnant women been included. The purpose of this study was to evaluate both the short-term and long-term cost-effectiveness of PMTCT of HIV in Liangshan Prefecture from the social perspective.Methods:From December 2018 to January 2019, individual expenses and the other costs were collected: individual expenses of 133 recruited HIV-positive pregnant women registered in the National Information System of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV, Syphilis, and HBV, and the other costs from local maternal and child healthcare hospitals, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and general hospitals. The costs, the number of pediatric infections averted from being HIV infected were analyzed. And, Life years gained by pediatric infections averted were calculated by using a life table. Besides, Direct benefit was calculated through a Markov mode. Furthermore, One-way sensitivity analysis was conducted for key variables affecting the benefit–cost ratio.Results:The estimated number of pediatric infections averted was 164.The total cost was USD 114.1 million, including direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs, and indirect costs, which were USD 54.2 million, USD 53.4 million, and USD 6.5 million, respectively. 630.6 person-years discounted to 2017 were gained at a 3% annual rate, and cost per life year gained was USD 1809.50. Direct benefits were USD 198.4 million, indirect benefits USD 82.5 million, and the benefit–cost ratio was 1.5. The sensitivity analysis showed that if PMTCT costs hypothetically ranged from USD 85.6 million to USD 142.6 million, benefit–cost ratio would vary from 1.0 to 2.3.Conclusions:PMTCT of HIV in Liangshan Prefecture was very cost-effective. It was a great economic burden of PMTCT on HIV-positive pregnant women and their families to take individual expenses. Therefore, it could be suggested that individual expenses should be covered as much as possible by different types of financing.