Observation effect of clinical ursodeoxycholic acid combined with holmium laser by laparoscopic choledochoscopy in the treatment of intrahepatic and intrahepatic bile duct stones

Objective: To investigate the effect of clinical ursodeoxycholic acid combined with holmium laser by laparoscopic choledochoscopy in the treatment of intrahepatic and intrahepatic bile duct stones. Methods: Patients with intrahepatic and intrahepatic bile duct stones treated by surgery in our hospital from October 2017 to December 2018 were randomly divided into control group and observation group.Patients in the control group were treated with laparoscopic choledochoscopy combined with holmium laser lithotripsy, and patients of the observation group were treated with ursodeoxycholic acid on the basis of the control group. The clinical efficacy, total bile acid (TBA), phospholipid (PLIP), cholesterol (CHO) levels and the incidence of complications of liver function and bile related indicators were compared between the two groups after 3 and 6 months treatment. Results: After 3 months treatment, there were 22 cases of cured patients, 11 cases of markedly effective and 5 cases of effective patients in the observation group of, which he clinical curative effect was significantly better than that of control group (P<0.05). After 3 months and 6 months treatment, AST, ALT, TBil, CHO levels in two groups were decreased compared with that before treatment, and TBA, PLIP levels were increased. The liver function of patientsin the observation group was obviously better than that in the control group with the statistical significance difference (P<0.05). However, the symptoms such as the right upper quadrant pain, jaundice, chills, fever in the observation group was significantly improvedthan that of the control group. The incidence of complications including nausea and vomiting, fatiguewas 4.76%, significantly lower than that 19.05% in the control group (P<0.05). After 1 year follow-up, it was found that recurrence reoperation rate of observation group was significantly lower than that the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Theclinical curative effect of the ursodeoxycholic acid combined with holmium laser by laparoscopic choledochoscopy was distinct, whichcould effectively improve the undesirable complications, reduce the postoperative recurrence and reoperation rate. The main reason may be the combination therapy could improve the patients' associates, PLIP level, lower levels of AST, ALT, TB il and CHO, which helped to improve liver function, reduce the cholestasis, prevent the recurrence of liver and gallbladder stones, and promote good prognosis.

Mechanism of microbial spore inactivation through electromagnetic radiations:a review

Spores are the biological structures formed out of sporulation from vegetative cells in adverse conditions.Being tolerant to many extreme environment and conditions,they escape and survives critical processing steps in the food industry that poses food and health safety problems,as is evident from the increase in reports of food-bome outbreaks due to spore-fomers.Electromagnetic radiation(EM)is used for rapid decontamination and sterilization purposes in the food industry.Many studies have reported a greater reduction in spore population upon irradiation with EM rays due to its impact on genomic material and other components of spores that destabilises overall structue and brings clonogenic death However,there is scattered literature regarding the mechanism of its inactivation and resistance against such damage.This review attempts to concisely evaluate the potential of electromagnetic radiations in spore inactivation and details its mechanism through a collective study of scientific results and repouts.It also briefs about the process of sporulation,the structure of spores and the role of its components in the resistance of spores to damage.Many studies,which demonstrated that combining various EM treatments might be an effective way for inactivation of spores,were discussed in detail.

Recent developments and trends in thermal blanching-A comprehensive review

Thermal blanching is an essential operation for many fruits and vegetables processing.It not only contributes to the inactivation of polyphenol oxidase(PPO),peroxidase(POD),but also affects other quality attributes of products.Herein we review the current status of thermal blanching.Firstly,the purposes of blanching,which include inactivating enzymes,enhancing drying rate and product quality,removing pesticide residues and toxic constituents,expelling air in plant tissues,decreasing microbial load,are examined.Then,the reason to why indicators such as POD and PPO,ascorbic acid,color,and texture are frequently used to evaluate blanching process is summarized.After that,the principles,applications and limitations of current thermal blanching methods,which include conventional hot water blanching,steam blanching,microwave blanching,ohmic blanching,and infrared blanching are outlined.Finally,future trends are identified and discussed.

Pesticide residue elimination for fruits and vegetables:the mechanisms,applications,and future trends of thermal and non-thermal technologies

Pesticide residues on food are threatening human health and wellbeing,ecological security.Food processing is one of the necessary ways to eliminate residues to guarantee the safety and sustainable development of the environment.This review outlines the mechanisms,applications,and factors influencing the efficiency as well as their limitations of pesticide residue elimination technologies.Conventional thermal processing technologies like drying,blanching,baking,and roasting have been proved to reduce pesticides extensively whereas sometimes concentration effects occur,and more toxic metabolites or by-products are generated.Additionally,the negative effects on quality attributes of fruits and vegetables(F&V)should be considered.Several innovative non-thermal processing technologies like ultrasound,cold plasma,high-pressure processing,and pulsed electric fields have flourished currently,which show great ability to eliminate pesticide residues significantly with minimal impact on the quality of F&V.In particular,heat-sensitive nutrients like ascorbic acid,phenolics,and carotenoids would retain to a great extent.Similarly,these technologies have their limitations.Furthermore,there is much information about combined processing technology affecting the pesticide behaviors of F&V.Finally,the future developments for pesticide elimination of these technologies are identified and discussed.