Gastric and intestinal ectopic pancreas: Two case reports

BACKGROUND Ectopic pancreas may be unfamiliar to many people because it is rare and difficult to diagnose.However,this disease is highly susceptible to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.In this article,we report two cases of pancreatic heterotopia in the gastric sinus and small intestine,respectively,both of which were confirmed by histopathological examination.CASE SUMMARY The first patient was a 43-year-old female which reported abdominal distension for 2 mo.The second was a 67-year-old female who experienced intermittent epigastric discomfort for 15 d.In both cases,there was no confirmed preoperative examination,and the postoperative pathology indicated the presence of ectopic pancreas.CONCLUSION The diagnosis of ectopic pancreas is difficult,and is often prone to misdiagnosis and the possibility of being overlooked.Various laboratory tests and imaging tests should be carefully evaluated before surgery to achieve early detection,early diagnosis and early treatment.

Effect of reductant type on the embedding direct reduction of beach titanomagnetite concentrate

Iron and titanium were recovered from beach titanomagnetite(TTM) concentrate by embedding direct reduction and magnetic separation. The reduction products and the effects of the reductant type and reduction temperature on the reduction behavior were investigated. The results showed that the reduction of TTM concentrate was strongly related to the gasification reactivity of the reductant. Bitumite presented a better product index than wheat-straw biochar and coke, mainly because the gasification reactivity of bitumite was better than that of the other reductants. In addition, high temperatures were not beneficial to embedding direct reduction because of the emergence of a molten phase and iron-joined crystals, which in turn reduced the diffusion rate of the reducing gas and impeded the reduction reaction in the central area of the roasted briquette. The use of bitumite as the reductant at a C/Fe molar ratio of 1.4 and a reduction temperature of 1200°C for 120 min resulted in direct-reduction iron powder assaying 90.28 wt% TFe and 0.91 wt% TiO_2 with an iron recovery of 91.83% and titanium concentrate assaying 46.01 wt% TiO_2 with a TiO_2 recovery of 91.19%. Titanium existed mainly in the form of anosovite and ilmenite in the titanium concentrate.

BoxCox multi-output linear regression for 10.7 cm solar radio flux prediction

We consider the problem of predicting the mid-term daily 10.7 cm solar radio flux(F10.7),a widely-used solar activity index.A novel approach is proposed for this task,in which BoxCox transformation with a proper parameter is first applied to make the data satisfy the property of homoscedasticity that is a basic assumption of regression models,and then a multi-output linear regression model is used to predict future F10.7 values.The experiment shows that the BoxCox transformation significantly improves the predictive performance and our new approach works substantially better than the prediction from the US Airforce and other alternative methods like Auto-regressive Model,Multi-layer Perceptron,and Support Vector Regression.

Misdiagnosis of ligamentoid fibromatosis of the small mesenteric:A case report

BACKGROUND Ligamentoid fibromatosis is a rare borderline tumor that occurs in the muscles,fascia,and aponeurosis.It is a kind of soft tissue tumor of fibrous origin,also known as invasive fibromatosis,desmoid fibroma,neurofibromatosis,etc.The tumor is between benign and malignant tumors and rarely has distant metastasis.Its characteristics are mainly local invasion,destruction and growth and easy recurrence.The World Health Organization defines it as a fibroblast cloning value-added lesion originating from deep soft tissue,which causes local invasion and growth leading to tissue reconstruction,extrusion and destruction of important structures and organs.The incidence rate accounts for 0.03%of all tumors and less than 3%of all soft tissue tumors.Definite diagnosis mainly depends on postoperative pathology.Surgical resection is still the main way to treat the disease,and a variety of nonsurgical treatment methods are auxiliary.Combined treatment can effectively reduce the risk of postoperative recurrence.CASE SUMMARY The patient is a 57-year-old female.One week ago,she accidentally found a mass in the left upper abdomen while lying flat.There was no abdominal pain and abdominal distention,no fever,no black stool and blood in the stool and no nausea and vomiting.She had a 10-year history of glaucoma on the left side,underwent hysterectomy for uterine fibroids 5 years ago,had no hypertension,heart disease,diabetes,hepatitis or tuberculosis,had no history of smoking and had been drinking for 20 years.CONCLUSION Accurate preoperative diagnosis is difficult,surgical resection is the main treatment,and a variety of nonsurgical treatment methods are auxiliary.Combined treatment can effectively reduce the risk of postoperative recurrence.The prognosis is still good,and the risk of recurrence of secondary surgery is greatly increased.

Effect of different modeling time on intestinal bacteria in letrozole induced PCOS rats

Objective:The differences of ovarian morphology,reproductive hormones,glucose and lipid metabolism and intestinal bacteria in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)induced by triazole were compared.Method:Eighteen 21 SPF female SD rats were randomly divided into group A(3-week group),group B(5-week group)and group D(control group)by random number table.Group A received letrozole+CMC-Na mixture by gavage in the first 3 weeks and CMC-Na solution by gavage in the last 2 weeks,group B received letrozole+CMC-Na mixture by gavage for 5 weeks,and group D received CMC-Na solution by gavage for 5 weeks,and all three groups of rats were fed with normal diet.At the end of gavage,the body weight of rats in each group was observed,the histological changes of ovaries were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,the serum levels of estradiol(E2),follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),testosterone(T),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),fasting blood glucose(Glu),fasting insulin(FINS)and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the LH/FSH ratio and insulin resistance index(HOMA IR)were calculated;the intestinal bacteria of rats were detected by 16S rRNA technique.Result:1.Comparison of ovary histomorphology:Under light microscope,multiple luteum and oocytes were observed in mature follicles in group D,and granulosa cells were orderly arranged and multilayered,without cystic dilated follicles.There were no mature follicles in the ovarian tissues of group A and GROUP B.The follicles were irregular in structure and more cystic dilated follicles were visible.The number of granular cells in some follicles decreased or even disappeared.2.Comparison of sex hormone levels:compared with group D,T level in group B was significantly increased(P<0.001),and T level in group A had an upward trend(P>0.05);The LH/FSH levels in group A and B were significantly increased(P<0.001;P<0.001).Compared with group A,E2 in group B was significantly decreased(P<0.05)and T was significantly increased(P<0.01).3.Comparison of glucose and lipid metabolism levels:Compared with group D,TC levels in groups A and B were significantly increased(P<0.01;P<0.01).Compared with group A,TG in group B was significantly increased(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in Glu,FINS and HOMA-IR levels among all groups.4.Comparison of LPS levels:Compared with group D,the serum LPS levels of rats in groups A and B were significantly increased(P<0.001;P<0.01).5.Intestinal flora analysis and comparison:At the phylum level,compared with group D,the abundance of Firmicutes in group B increased(P<0.01),Firmicutes in group A showed an upward trend(P>0.05),and the abundance of Bacteroidetes in groups A and B decreased(P<0.05).At the genus level,compared with group D,Lactobacillus in group B increased(P<0.01).The results of LEfSe analysis showed that there were differences in the composition of various intestinal bacteria among the three groups(LDA>3).Conclusion:The phenotype of PCOS rats was related to the length of modeling,and the phenotypic characteristics of PCOS in rats at 5 weeks of modeling were more typical than those in rats at 3 weeks of modeling;PCOS can cause changes in intestinal flora,and the changes in the structure of intestinal flora between groups are related to different modeling duration.

Changes in the supply and demand potentials of China's glacier water resources in the 21st century:Spatiotemporal mismatches and combined effects

China's glacier water resources(GWRs)are not only indispensable suppliers of fresh water for humans living in large domestic areas but also affect the water supply to downstream neighbouring countries.Therefore,it is crucial to systematically evaluate the spatiotemporal(mis-)matches between the supply and demand potentials of China's GWRs and the combined supply and demand effects in the 21st century to enable regional sustainable development.To facilitate such research,in this study,we first regionalized the importance of China's GWRs in terms of the supply potential and downstream human dependence to reveal the spatial(mis-)matches between supply and demand potentials.Then,changes in the service potential of glacier meltwater and in population dynamics,as well as their temporal(mis-)matches and associated opportunities and risks,were further assessed at the river basin scale.The results showed that GWR plays an important role in 4 of 16 macroscale glacier-fed basins(i.e.,Tarim,Junggar,Ili,and Zangxi)and 11 of 37 subbasins within the China region due to higher supply potential and demand potential in those basins.The importance of China's GWRs increases dramatically when taking the demand potential of downstream countries into account,especially in the Ganges and Indus river basins.The peaks in meltwater runoff from the most glacierized basins of the eastern Tianshan Mountains,eastern Qilian Mountains,and southeastern Tibetan Plateau of China occur slightly earlier than the projected peak population(around 2030)under the mid-range Shared Socioeconomic Pathway(SSP245),leading to a compound risk in terms of decreasing meltwater supply and increasing human dependence at the end of the 2020s.However,the peak meltwater is expected to occur later than the peak population in the Tarim,Qiangtang Plateau,and Qaidam basins.The opportunities offered by the increase in meltwater can relieve the water resource pressure for those populations under water-stressed conditions.Greater attention should also be paid to water shortage risks in the transboundary river basins,especially in the Indus and Ganges basins,because the peak meltwater within China is generally expected to occur sooner than the projected peak population of downstream countries.This study provides an effective planning and decision-making basis for the full utilization of China's GWRs and adaptation when glacier runoff declines.

Tracheal intubation in patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19):a cross-sectional survey in China

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has caused a dramatic loss of human life worldwide.The rate of tracheal intubation is estimated to be 2.3%in hospitalized patients.[1]As an aerosol-generating procedure,intubation may increase the risk of COVID-19 infection in healthcare workers.Avoiding the generation of aerosol and improving the oxygenation during intubation is sometimes conflicting,which makes the intubation in patients with COVID-19 different from that in other patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).We conducted a survey to collect information on preoxygenation,induction,and intubation procedures in COVID-19 patients.Our study aims to compare the difference in intubation performance between doctors who have ever done tracheal intubation in COVID-19 patients versus those who have never done tracheal intubation in COVID-19 patients.