Car-following strategy of intelligent connected vehicle using extended disturbance observer adjusted by reinforcement learning

Disturbance observer-based control method has achieved good results in the carfollowing scenario of intelligent and connected vehicle(ICV).However,the gain of conventional extended disturbance observer(EDO)-based control method is usually set manually rather than adjusted adaptively according to real time traffic conditions,thus declining the car-following performance.To solve this problem,a car-following strategy of ICV using EDO adjusted by reinforcement learning is proposed.Different from the conventional method,the gain of proposed strategy can be adjusted by reinforcement learning to improve its estimation accuracy.Since the“equivalent disturbance”can be compensated by EDO to a great extent,the disturbance rejection ability of the carfollowing method will be improved significantly.Both Lyapunov approach and numerical simulations are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

CDP1, a novel component of chloroplast division site positioning system in Arabidopsis

叶绿体是从 endosymbiotic cyanobacteria 演变的植物特定的细胞器。他们通过二进制分裂划分。叶绿体部门地点的选择为对称的叶绿体部门是枢轴的。在 E。coli，在房间的中点部门地点放被 Min 系统的动态摆动调整，它包括 MinC，头脑和矿。在植物的头脑和矿的相当或相同的事物涉及叶绿体分割。MinC 的相当或相同的事物仍然没在更高的植物被识别。然而，象 FtsZ 一样蛋白质， ARC3，被发现地点放涉及叶绿体分割。这里，我们报导放 1 的那个叶绿体部门地点(AtCDP1 ) 是在 Arabidopsis 涉及叶绿体部门地点放置的新奇叶绿体部门蛋白质。AtCDP1 被与房间部门显型为殖民地在细菌屏蔽一个 Arabidopsis cDNA 表示图书馆发现。AtCDP1 只在 Arabidopsis 在年轻绿纸巾被表示。有多重部门地点的伸长的叶绿体在 loss-of-function cdp1 异种被观察。AtCDP1 的 Overexpression 也引起了一个叶绿体部门显型。蛋白质相互作用试金建议 AtCDP1 可以调停通过和 ARC3 的相互作用放的叶绿体部门地点。总的来说，我们的结果显示 AtCDP1 是放系统，和这个系统的工作机制的叶绿体部门地点的一个新奇部件与在原核生物的房间的传统的 MinCDE 系统的不同。

Fast Determination of 22 Pesticides in Rice Wine by Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction in Combination with GC-MS

A rapid method was developed for the determination of 22 pesticides in rice wine. The procedure involved an extraction with acetonitrile and a cleanup step using dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE), and primary-secondary amine (PSA) and octadecylsilane (ODS) were used as sorbents. D-SPE had some advantages over some traditional prepara- tions, especially in time and cost. Both the extraction and cleanup only cost about 15 min per a sample. Then the GC-MS was used for quantitative and qualitative analysis. Matrix-matched standards solution and analyte protectant were compared to decrease the matrix effect, and the former showed a better efficacy. Acceptable linearity was achieved in the range of 0.05 - 0.30 mg/L. After matrix-matched standards calibration, recoveries were between 60 and 140%. For the most of pesticides, precision and repeatability were less than 10% and 16%, respectively. The result indicated that the developed method was suitable for the determination of the multi-pesticides in rice wine.

Experiments on mechanical properties of salt rocks under cyclic loading

The primary purpose of underground gas storages is to provide gas for seasonal consumptions or strategic reserve.The periodical operations of gas injection and extraction lead to cyclic loading on the walls and surrounding rocks of gas storages.To investigate the mechanical behaviors of different host rocks in bedded salt deposit,laboratory experiments were conducted on the samples of rock salt,thenardite,glauberite and gypsum.The mechanical properties of rock samples under monotonic and cyclic loadings were studied.Testing results show that,under monotonic loading,the uniaxial compressive stress（UCS） of glauberite is the largest（17.3 MPa）,while that of rock salt is the smallest（14.0 MPa）.The UCSs of thenardite and gypsum are 16.3 and 14.6 MPa,respectively.The maximum strain at the peak strength of rock salt（halite） is much greater than those of the other three rocks.The elastic moduli of halite,thenardite,glauberite and gypsum are 3.0,4.2,5.1 and 6.8 GPa,respectively.Under cyclic loading,the peak strengths of the rock specimens are deteriorated except for rock salt.The peak strengths of thenardite,glauberite and gypsum decrease by 33.7%,19.1% and 35.5%,respectively;and the strains of the three rocks at the peak strengths are almost the same.However,the strain of rock salt at the peak strength increases by 1.98%,twice more than that under monotonic loading.Under monotonic loading,deformation of the tested rock salt,thenardite and glauberite shows in an elastoplastic style.However,it changes to a ductile style under cyclic loading.Brittle deformation and failure are only observed for gypsum.The results should be helpful for engineering design and operation of gas storage in bedded salt deposit.

Simultaneous hybrid modeling of a nosiheptide fermentation process using particle swarm optimization

Hybrid modeling approaches have recently been investigated as an attractive alternative to model fermentation processes. Normally, these approaches require estimation data to train the empirical model part of a hybrid model. This may result in decreasing the generalization ability of the derived hybrid model. Therefore, a simultaneous hybrid modeling approach is presented in this paper. It transforms the training of the empirical model part into a dynamic system parameter identification problem, and thus allows training the empirical model part with only measured data. An adaptive escaping particle swarm optimization(AEPSO) algorithm with escaping and adaptive inertia weight adjustment strategies is constructed to solve the resulting parameter identification problem, and thereby accomplish the training of the empirical model part. The uniform design method is used to determine the empirical model structure. The proposed simultaneous hybrid modeling approach has been used in a lab-scale nosiheptide batch fermentation process. The results show that it is effective and leads to a more consistent model with better generalization ability when compared to existing ones. The performance of AEPSO is also demonstrated.

Clamping effect driven design and fabrication of new infrared birefringent materials with large optical anisotropy

Infrared(IR)birefringent materials with large optical anisotropy and wide transparency range are important for efficient light manipulation in various IR optical devices.Herein,two new IR birefringent materials AMgGeSe_(3)(A=Li,Na)with large optical anisotropy were rationally designed by a rigid octahedron and flexible dimer combined strategy and fabricated in experiment.The introduction of rigid[LiSe_(6)]/[NaSe_(6)]and[MgSe_(6)]octahedra effectively regulates the geometry and arrangement of the flexible[Ge2Se6]dimers,resulting in the birefringence as large as 0.334@1,064 nm in LiMgGeSe_(3) and 0.445@1,064 nm(the largest one in the reported[Ge_(2)Se_(6)]dimer-contained selenides)in NaMgGeSe_(3).Density functional theory(DFT)calculations and statistical analyses highlight the influence of polarizability anisotropy,density,arrangement of units,as well as layer distance on birefringence.The results indicate that AMgGeSe_(3)(A=Li,Na)crystals are the promising IR birefringent materials and it gives an insight into the exploration of new IR birefringent materials with large birefringence based on the clamping effect from rigid groups.

A new method for studying the orientation of membrane proteins in plants based on the release of a fluorescent protein tag by TEV protease

Dear Editor,The orientation of a membrane protein can provide important information about its interaction partners,function,and mechanism of action.In addition to traditional biochemical assays,new methods have been developed to reveal the orientation of membrane proteins.For example,computer programs have been developed to predict membrane protein topology but often have inaccuracies(Ott and Lingappa,2002;Schwacke et al.,2003).A widely used method is the fluorescence protease protection(FPP)assay(Lomize et al.,2006;Lorenz et al.,2008;White et al.,2015).However,it often fails to give good results for assays of plant membrane proteins.Here,we developed a simpler method based on release of a fluorescent protein tag(RFT)by the tobacco etch virus(TEV)protease to overcome the shortcomings of FPP and analyze the orientation of membrane proteins in plants.

Robust cooperation of connected vehicle systems with eigenvalue-bounded interaction topologies in the presence of uncertain dynamics

This study presents a distributed H-infinity control method for uncertain platoons with dimensionally and structurally unknown interaction topologies provided that the associated topological eigenvalues are bounded by a predesigned range. With an inverse model to compensate for nonlinear powertrain dynamics, vehicles in a platoon are modeled by third-order uncertain systems with bounded disturbances. On the basis of the eigenvalue decomposition of topological matrices, we convert the platoon system to a norm-bounded uncertain part and a diagonally structured certain part by applying linear transformation. We then use a common Lyapunov method to design a distributed H-infinity controller. Numerically, two linear matrix inequalities corresponding to the minimum and maximum eigenvalues should be solved. The resulting controller can tolerate interaction topologies with eigenvalues located in a certain range. The proposed method can also ensure robustness performance and disturbance attenuation ability for the closed-loop platoon system. Hardware-in-the-loop tests are performed to validate the effectiveness of our method.

Establishment and verification of prediction models for evaluating the physical and chemical properties of soilless substrates

In soilless culture,a suitable mixed substrate that provides a balanced and stable rhizosphere environment is vital for promoting plant growth.The present study was undertaken to establish seven prediction models of physical and chemical properties,including bulk density(DB),total porosity(TP),water-holding porosity(WHP),air porosity(AP),WHP/AP,electrical conductivity(EC)and cation exchange capacity(CEC)of mixed substrate based on regression equations of measured values from 76 substrate combinations.These seven models were verified using the measured values of 12 mixed substrates,and the average relative prediction errors(REs)were all less than 10%.A comprehensive property prediction model was established by weighted summation of the seven models of physical and chemical properties.According to the set values of DB,TP,WHP,AP,WHP/AP,EC and CEC,the comprehensive property model predicted the six mixture proportions of mixed-substrate,as verified using the measured values.This study is the first to establish prediction models for the physical and chemical properties of mixed substrates.The comprehensive property model could be used to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of commercial mixed substrates,and to provide the optimal mixture substrate formulations according to the setting property value of production requirement.

Evolution of the chloroplast division machinery

Chloroplasts are photosynthetic organelles derived from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria during evolution.Dramatic changes occurred during the process of the formation and evolution of chloroplasts,including the large-scale gene transfer from chloroplast to nucleus.However,there are still many essential characters remaining.For the chloroplast division machinery,FtsZ proteins,Ftn2,SulA and part of the division site positioning system-MinD and MinE are still conserved.New or at least partially new proteins,such as FtsZ family proteins FtsZ1 and ARC3,ARC6H,ARC5,PDV1,PDV2 and MCD1,were introduced for the division of chloroplasts during evolution.Some bacterial cell division proteins,such as FtsA,MreB,Ftn6,FtsW and FtsI,probably lost their function or were gradually lost.Thus,the chloroplast division machinery is a dynamically evolving structure with both conservation and innovation.

Clinical analysis of the characteristics of patients diagnosed with hemolytic anemia induced by hepatitis E viral infection

Background:The extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis E virus(HEV)infection include hemolytic anemia.However,the clinical characteristics of HEV-induced hemolytic anemia have been only sporadically reported in case reports,and there is a scarcity of relevant systematic reviews.The aim of the current study was to analyze and summarize the clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with HEV-induced hemolytic anemia.Methods:This study included 1 patient diagnosed with HEV-induced hemolytic anemia who was admitted to our hospital and 19 additional patients identified through the available literature.Results:Of the 20 patients included in this study,the majorities were from China and India(12 and 6 cases,respectively);furthermore,13 of them were men and 7 were women,with an average age of 35(16–56)years.The highest total bilirubin level was 646(452–913)μmol/L,highest alanine aminotransferase level was 1335(708–2798)IU/L,and lowest hemoglobin level was 6.0
2.0 g/dL.Additionally,10 patients(50.0%,10/20)underwent the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD)activity test,and all of them were diagnosed with G6PD deficiency(100.0%,10/10).Finally,18 patients(90.0%)recovered and 2 died(10.0%)after treatment.Conclusions:Most of the patients with HEV-induced hemolytic anemia recovered with treatment.Acute HEV infection that causes hemolytic anemia is strongly associated with the G6PD status of the patients.

Application of single‑cell multi‑omics approaches in horticulture research

Cell heterogeneity shapes the morphology and function of various tissues and organs in multicellular organisms.Elucidation of the differences among cells and the mechanism of intercellular regulation is essential for an in-depth understanding of the developmental process.In recent years,the rapid development of high-throughput singlecell transcriptome sequencing technologies has influenced the study of plant developmental biology.Additionally,the accuracy and sensitivity of tools used to study the epigenome and metabolome have significantly increased,thus enabling multi-omics analysis at single-cell resolution.Here,we summarize the currently available single-cell multiomics approaches and their recent applications in plant research,review the single-cell based studies in fruit,vegetable,and ornamental crops,and discuss the potential of such approaches in future horticulture research.