Scalable synthesis of ultra‐small Ru_(2)P@Ru/CNT for efficient seawater splitting

In this study,an ultra‐fast and simple solvent‐free microwave method was successfully demonstrated using a series of ultra‐small(~2.5 nm)surfactant‐free Ru_(2)P@Ru/CNT heterostructures for the first time.The structure has a high‐density Ru component and Ru_(2)P component interface,which accelerates the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).The prepared Ru_(2)P@Ru/CNT demonstrated excellent catalytic effects for the HER in alkaline media and real seawater.The experimental results indicate that ratio‐optimized Ru_(2)P@Ru/CNT(Ru_(2)P:Ru=66:34)requires only 23 and 29 mV to reach 10 mA cm^(-2)in 1.0 mol/L KOH and real seawater,respectively.These values are 10 and 24 mV lower than those of commercial Pt/C in 1.0 mol/L KOH(33 mV)and real seawater(53 mV),respectively,making it among the best non‐Pt HER reported in the literature.Additionally,the TOF of Ru_(2)P@Ru/CNT in alkaline freshwater and seawater were 13.1 and 8.5 s^(-1),respectively.These exceed the corresponding values for Pt/C,indicating that the catalyst has excellent intrinsic activity.The high current activity of Ru_(2)P@Ru/CNT in 1.0 mol/L KOH was explored,and only 77 and 104 mV were required to reach 500 and 1000 mA cm^(-2),respectively.After 100 h of durability testing,the catalyst retained excellent catalytic and structural stability in low current density,high current density,and seawater.

Amorphous/2H-MoS_(2) nanoflowers with P doping and S vacancies to achieve efficient pH-universal hydrogen evolution at high current density

Molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))has become a competitive candidate for efficient and economical hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Compared with 1T-MoS_(2),2H-MoS_(2) possesses exceptional thermodynamic stability but still suffers from low active site density,poor conductivity,and weak hydrogen bonding in the wide pH range.Herein,2H-MoS_(2) nanoflowers with phosphorus doping,sulfur vacancies and crystalline-amorphous heterojunction were synthesized via phosphorus-assisted rapid calcination method.Benefiting from the cooperative interaction of multiple strategies,the prepared 2H-MoS_(2) nanoflowers firstly achieve efficient pH-universal HER at high current densities.Experimental results show that in alkaline,acidic,and neutral media,MoS_(2)-P2 requires only 332,302,and 417 mV to drive the current density of 500 mA cm^(−2) and obtains 932,1100,and 472 mA cm^(−2) at the potential of−0.4 V vs.RHE,respectively.Moreover,MoS_(2)-P2 shows excellent stability of low and high current density in the full pH range.