Background Realistic rendering has been an important g oal of several interactive applications,which requires an efficient virtual simulation of many special effects that are common in the real world.However,refractio...Background Realistic rendering has been an important g oal of several interactive applications,which requires an efficient virtual simulation of many special effects that are common in the real world.However,refraction is often ignored in these applications.Rendering the refraction effect is extremely complicated and time-consuming.Methods In this study,a simple,efficient,and fast rendering technique of water refraction effects is proposed.This technique comprises a broad and narrow phase.In the broad phase,the water surface is considered flat.The vertices of underwater meshes are transformed based on Snell's Law.In the narrow phase,the effects of waves on the water surface are examined.Every pixel on the water surface mesh is collected by a screen-space method with an extra rendering pass.The broad phase redirects most pixels that need to be recalculated in the narrow phase to the pixels in the rendering buffer.Results We analyzed the performances of three different conventional methods and ours in rendering refraction effects for the same scenes.The proposed method obtains higher frame rate and physical accuracy comparing with other methods.It is used in several game scenes,and realistic water refraction effects can be generated efficiently.Conclusions The two-phase water refraction method produces a tradeoff between efficiency and quality.It is easy to implement in modern game engines,and thus improve the quality of rendering scenes in video games or other real-ti me applications.展开更多
基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,the National Key R&D Program of China(2018 YFB 1403900)the High-quality and Cutting-edge Disciplines Construction Project for Universities in Beijing(Internet Information,Communication University of China).
文摘Background Realistic rendering has been an important g oal of several interactive applications,which requires an efficient virtual simulation of many special effects that are common in the real world.However,refraction is often ignored in these applications.Rendering the refraction effect is extremely complicated and time-consuming.Methods In this study,a simple,efficient,and fast rendering technique of water refraction effects is proposed.This technique comprises a broad and narrow phase.In the broad phase,the water surface is considered flat.The vertices of underwater meshes are transformed based on Snell's Law.In the narrow phase,the effects of waves on the water surface are examined.Every pixel on the water surface mesh is collected by a screen-space method with an extra rendering pass.The broad phase redirects most pixels that need to be recalculated in the narrow phase to the pixels in the rendering buffer.Results We analyzed the performances of three different conventional methods and ours in rendering refraction effects for the same scenes.The proposed method obtains higher frame rate and physical accuracy comparing with other methods.It is used in several game scenes,and realistic water refraction effects can be generated efficiently.Conclusions The two-phase water refraction method produces a tradeoff between efficiency and quality.It is easy to implement in modern game engines,and thus improve the quality of rendering scenes in video games or other real-ti me applications.
