Flavanone and flavonoid hydroxylase genes regulate fiber color formation in naturally colored cotton

Using naturally colored cotton(NCC)can eliminate dyeing,printing and industrial processing,and reduce sewage discharge and energy consumption.Proanthocyanidins(PAs),the primary coloration components in brown fibers,are polyphenols formed by oligomers or polymers of flavan-3-ol units derived from anthocyanidins.Three essential structural genes for flavanone and flavonoid hydroxylation encoding flavanone-3-hydroxylase(F3H),flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase(F3’H)and flavonoid 3’5’-hydroxylase(F3’5’H)are initially committed in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway to produce common precursors.The three genes were all expressed predominantly in developing fibers of NCCs,and their expression patterns varied temporally and spatially among NCC varieties.In GhF3Hi,GhF3’Hi and GhF3’5’Hi silenced lines of NCC varieties XC20 and ZX1,the expression level of the three genes decreased in developing cotton fiber,negatively correlated with anthocyanidin content and fiber color depth.Fiber color depth and type in RNAi lines changed with endogenous gene silencing efficiency and expression pattern,the three hydroxylase genes functioned in fiber color formation.GhF3H showed functional differentiation among NCC varieties and GhF3’H acted in the accumulation of anthocyanin in fiber.Compared with GhF3’H,GhF3’5’H was expressed more highly in brown fiber with a longer duration of expression and caused lighter color of fibers in GhF3’5’H silenced lines.These three genes regulating fiber color depth and type could be used to improve these traits by genetic manipulation.

The expression of miR-155 and miR-181 in gastric cancer and their effects on clinical parameters and prognostic value

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and clinical significance of miR-155 and miR-181 in gastric cancer.Methods Sixty-eight patients with gastric cancer and 80 healthy volunteers were selected as subjects.Serum samples of patients and volunteers were collected to detect miR-155 and miR-181 expression levels in serum and tumor tissues.Results miR-155 and miR-181 serum levels were significantly higher in patients with gastric cancer than those in the control group(P<0.05).miR-155 and miR-181 expression levels in gastric cancer tissues were 16.74±4.29 and 12.17±3.26,respectively and 3.42±0.39) and 3.06±0.69 in paracancerous tissues,respectively,and they were 1.22±0.21 and 1.08±0.35 in normal tissues,respectively.miR-155 and miR-181 expression levels in cancer tissues were significantly higher than adjacent tissues,and they were lowest in normal tissues(P<0.05).High miR-155 and miR-181 expression had significant effects on differentiation,T stage,lymph node metastasis,and clinical stage(P<0.05).Cox multivariate analysis showed that onset,T stage,clinical stage,differentiation degree,lymph node metastasis,miR-155,and miR-181 were independent risk factors for prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.Conclusion Serum miR-155 and miR-181 have a diagnostic value in gastric cancer,and they are strong signals of poor prognosis.