Pluripotent stem cell-derived CD 19-CAR iT cells effectively eradicate B-cell lymphoma in vivo

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell(CAR-T)therapy is one of the most promising approaches in cancer treatment.1 However,the limited availability of patient-derived T cells narrows its universal applicability.Thus,it is necessary to invent new methods to obtain alternative T-cell sources.Pluripotent stem cells(PSCs),which have unlimited culture potential and are amenable to gene editing,are ideal for generating induced T(iT)cells.

T cell regeneration: an update on progress and challenges

T cells play essential roles in antitumor therapy.Via gene engineering technique to enhance tumor-antigen specificity,patient peripheral blood-derived T cells(PBT)show encouraging clinical outcomes in treating certain blood malignancies.However,the high costs,functionality exhaustion,and disease-condition-dependent availability of PBT prompt the attempts of exploring alternative T cell sources.Theoretically,induced T cells from pluripotent stem cells(PSC)are ideal candidates that integrate plenty of advantages that primary T cells lack,including unlimited off-the-shelf cell source and precision gene editing feasibility.However,researchers are still struggling with developing a straightforward protocol to induce functional and immunocompetent human T cells from PSC.Based on stromal cell-expressing or biomaterial-presenting Notch ligands DLL1 or DLL4,natural and induced blood progenitors can differentiate further toward T lineage commitment.However,none of the reported T induction protocols has yet translated into any clinical application,signaling the existence of numerous technical barriers for regenerating T cells functionally matching their natural PBT counterparts.Alternatively,new approaches have been developed to repopulate induced T lymphopoiesis via in vivo reprogramming or transplanting induced T cell precursors.Here,we review the most recent progress in the T cell regeneration field,and the remaining challenges dragging their clinical applications.

数据中心机房布线设计方案

一、概述当前,我们正处在一个信息爆炸的时代,数据的存储量已经不仅仅是用KB、MB、GB甚至TB来计算,在不远的将来,人们所谈论的将PB(lpetabyte=1,000 terabytes)甚至EB,(lexabyte=1,OOOpetabytes)。在企业的IT基础架构中,数据中心是数据及业务应用的总控中心。数据中心汇聚了最昂贵的服务器和存储及网络设备,担负着数据存储、访问的艰巨任务。