智能时代职业教育教学方法改革创新研究

教学方法是教育的核心,是教学的基本要素,直接关系到人才培养的质量。通过对智能时代即将到来的今天的论述,职业教育教学方法改革创新的依据是新技术的迅猛发展、新时代的人才需求和当代年轻人的喜好。从具体形式来看,当前职业教育教学方法改革创新会呈现以下几个态势:一是在新技术助力下传统讲授法将发挥更大的效用;二是PBL教学法将被广泛使用;三是案例教学法具备充分的发展空间;四是互动式教学法必定会发挥重要作用。

Correlating electrochemical performance and heat generation of Li plating for lithium-ion battery with fluoroethylene carbonate additive

1.Introduction With the superior performance of high energy density,lightweight and long life span,lithium-ion battery(LIB)are perceived as an attractive and reliable power source for modern-used portable electronics,ecofriendly electric vehicles and power distribution,and thereby a remarkable solution to assuage energy dependence on fossil fuel and environmental concern.Nevertheless,the unexpected Li plating together with the Li dendrites growth on graphite anode surface has been a profound hindrance to the practical application of LIB,of which induces inferior Coulombic efficiency,poor lifespan and safety concern[1].

Regulating Li transport in Li-magnesium alloy for dendrite free Li metal anode

Li metal has become a strong candidate for anode due to its high theoretical specific capacity and lowest electrochemical potential.However,the poor reversibility caused by continuous chemical and electrochemical degradation hinders the practical application of Li metal.Solid-solution-based metal alloy phases have been proposed as hosts for regulating the non-dendrite electrodeposition,but the fundamental understanding remains unclear due to the drastically different deposition behaviors of Li on them.Here we found the difference in the diffusion coefficient of Li atoms on solid-solution-based metal alloy phases(Li-Mg and Li-Ag alloys)was a major contributor to the different deposition behaviors.The low Li atom diffusion coefficient of Li-Mg alloy showed a preferential Li accumulation on the upper surface rather than the inward-growth plating of Li atoms into alloy foil in Li-Ag alloy.By the process of secondary recrystallization,we improved the diffusion coefficient of Li atoms in Li-Mg alloy that facilitates the inward transfer rather than surface plating of Li atoms.In this case,the recrystallized Li-Mg alloy underwent a solidsolution phase change in the delithiation-lithiation cycles which yielded a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.3%with a reversible gravimetric capacity of 2,874 mAh·g−1 and superior cycling stability over 5,000 h without dendrite growth.

Romidepsin(FK228) improves the survival of allogeneic skin grafts through downregulating the production of donor-specific antibody via suppressing the IRE1α-XBP1 pathway

Antibody-mediated rejection(AMR)is one of the major causes of graft loss after transplantation.Recently,the regulation of B cell differentiation and the prevention of donor-specific antibody(DSA)production have gained increased attention in transplant research.Herein,we established a secondary allogeneic in vivo skin transplant model to study the effects of romidepsin(FK228)on DSA.The survival of grafted skins was monitored daily.The serum levels of DSA and the number of relevant immunocytes in the recipient spleens were evaluated by flow cytometry.Then,we isolated and purified B cells from B6mouse spleens in vitro by magnetic bead sorting.The B cells were cultured with interleukin-4(IL-4)and anti-clusters of differentiation 40(CD40)antibody with or without FK228 treatment.The immunoglobulin G1(IgG1)and IgM levels in the supernatant were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-q PCR)and western blotting were conducted to determine the corresponding levels of messenger RNA(mRNA)and protein expression in cultured cells and the recipient spleens.The results showed that FK228 significantly improved the survival of allogeneic skin grafts.Moreover,FK228 inhibited DSA production in the serum along with the suppression of histone deacetylase 1(HADC1)and HDAC2 and the upregulation of the acetylation of histones H2A and H3.It also inhibited the differentiation of B cells to plasma cells,decreased the transcription of positive regulatory domain-containing 1(Prdm1)and X-box-binding protein 1(Xbp1),and decreased the expression of phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme 1α(p-IRE1α),XBP1,and B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1(Blimp-1).In conclusion,FK228 could decrease the production of antibodies by B cells via inhibition of the IRE1α-XBP1 signaling pathway.Thus,FK228 is considered as a promising therapeutic agent for the clinical treatment of AMR.

Systemically comparing host immunity between survived and deceased COVID-19 patients

Novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has caused the disastrous pandemic of Coronavirus Disease-2019(COVID-19).1,2,3 Although the epidemiological,clinical,and immunological characteristics of COVID-19 have been reported,4,5,6 the kinetics of immune responses and their association with clinical outcomes remain poorly understood.Here,we summarize the characteristics of cellular immune responses in a total of 157 COVID-19 patients enrolled in Tongji Hospital between February and March 2020 and compare the properties between 95 survived and 62 deceased patients with different onset time.The demographic and clinical characteristics of these patients are shown in Supplementary Table 1.No significant difference in age,gender,clinical symptoms,and imaging features was recorded between survived and deceased patients.