混凝-絮凝沉淀处理石墨烯废水工艺研究在实验教学中的设计与探索

随着石墨烯产业的兴起,强酸高氟高金属离子废水的排放量也与日俱增。本实验在石墨烯废水处理研究基础上设计了一个综合创新实验。采用了单一混凝、中和混凝、混凝絮凝、中和混凝絮凝四种方式处理石墨烯模拟废水,比较其对氟离子、金属离子等污染物的去除效果,利用离子色谱、X射线粉末衍射仪等对污水中的离子含量与沉淀物进行分析。研究结果表明,氢氧化钠、氢氧化钙与絮凝剂联用效果最佳,其除氟率达98%,金属离子去除率达99.5%,产渣量较传统工艺减少50%以上。该实验操作方便,现象易于观察;实验内容突出理论与实践相结合,不仅充实了实验课程的教学设计,也引导学生熟悉工业生产实际、提高环境保护意识、掌握化学相关软件的使用及数据分析处理的能力,符合应用型本科院校培养学生综合能力的要求。

Digital zenith telescope prototype of China

Classical optical astronomy measures the direction of the local plumb line on the stellar background,and is influenced by variations of the earth gravity field.Therefore,classical optical astrometry can be used to measure and study variations of plumb line.This endows classical optical astrometric technologies special significance for the interdisciplinary researches of astronomy and geoscience,and makes them irreplaceable by technologies like very long baseline interferometry,satellite laser ranging.However,classical astrometric instruments have a major drawback of low efficiency,such as the low automaticity,more operating observers,and even operative error which makes it very difficult to reduce the random observation error in some visual instruments.To overcome this drawback,we have successfully developed the digital zenith telescope prototype(DZT-1)with the aperture of200 mm,using charge coupled device and other advanced technologies and new equipments.As proved by test observations,DZT-1 can observe thousands of stars over one night,which significantly reduces the random observation error and increases the observation accuracy.In addition,DZT-1 has a high degree of automation,even allowing unattended observation by remote control.Besides,DZT-1 has a small-size and is easy to move,making it convenient for mobile measurement of the deflection of the vertical.In summary,DZT can be widely used in the geoscience and astronomy fields.

Image and data processing of digital zenith telescope(DZT-1) of China

The first digital zenith telescope prototype(DZT-1)of China was successfully developed by National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shandong University of Science and Technology at the end of 2011.Compared with classical astrometric telescopes,DZT-1 has features of small size,high automation,and high accuracy.It can be used to do classical astrometric observations as well as measurement of plumb line variation and deflection of the vertical.So DZT-1 plays a significant role in astronomy and geoscience.Although the measurement principle and method of DZT-1 are somewhat similar to classical photographic zenith tube,there are still many differences.The present paper introduces the principle,method,and procedure for processing DZT-1 star image and data,as well as the application software for astronomical latitude and longitude calculation using DZT-1 observations.The test observations and the observation results are also presented.According to the test observation results,the standard deviation of single observation is about 0.200–0.300,and 0.0700–0.0800in term of a group observations.In conclusion,the data processing software fulfills DZT-1’s demand for data processing,guaranteeing the automation and high accuracy for DZT-1.

Transmembrane transport of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by bacteria and functional regulation of membrane proteins

In recent years,increasing research has been conducted on transmembrane transport processes and the mechanisms behind the microbial breakdown of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),including the role of membrane proteins in transmembrane transport and the mode of transmission.This article explains the adsorption,uptake and transmembrane transport of PAHs by bacteria,the regulation of membrane protein function during the transmembrane transport.There are three different regulation mechanisms for uptake,depending on the state and size of the oil droplets relative to the size of the microbial cells,which are(i)direct adhesion,(ii)emulsification and pseudosolubilization,and(iii)interfacial uptake.Furthermore,two main transmembrane transport modes are introduced,which are(i)active transport and(ii)passive uptake and active efflux mechanism.Meanwhile,introduce the proteomics and single cell analysis technology used to address these areas of research,such as Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation(iTRAQ)technology and Nano Secondary ion mass spectrometry(Nano-SIMS).Additionally,analyze the changes in morphology and structure and the characteristics of microbial cell membranes in the process of transmembrane transport.Finally,recognize the microscopic mechanism of PAHs biodegradation in terms of cell and membrane proteins are of great theoretical and practical significance for understanding the factors that influence the efficient degradation of PAHs contaminants in soil and for remediating the PAHs contamination in this area with biotechnology.

Parameterization for narrow band shortwave optical properties of water clouds

Based on the drop size distribution models built from the observational data of microphysical properties of water clouds, the relationships between the optical properties and microphysical characteristics of water clouds have been investigated, and some different parameterization schemes of cloud optical properties have been analyzed. It is found that with the parameterization scheme, in addition to the equivalent radius, also including the mean radius of cloud droplet size distribution, the role of small cloud drops might be able to be considered more properly and better accuracies of parameterization calculation of cloud optical properties can be obtained, compared with that of using only the equivalent radius as parameter.

陶瓷液态混合电解质中锂离子自发交换和协同传导实现高效转移

陶瓷电解质被广泛用于构建固液混合电解质,对提升固液混合电池的电化学性能和安全性能具有重要作用.然而,固液混合电解质中锂离子的传输机制尤其是陶瓷电解质对离子输运的贡献尚不清楚.该工作设计了3种陶瓷液态混合电解质,通过固态核磁共振谱追踪锂同位素离子,揭示了固液混合电解质中的离子传输路径.实验结果表明,在陶瓷液态混合电解质中,陶瓷电解质能够和液态电解质同时传导锂离子,并发现陶瓷电解质和液态电解质之间存在自发锂离子交换,进一步促进了固液混合电解质系统中高效的锂离子传导.该工作揭示的固液混合传导机制和模型为固液混合电解质和电池的发展提供了理论基础.

Algorithms for determination of land surface temperatures and emissivities from satellite radiative measurements

Deriving LST from satellite radiative measurements is desirable, but the accurate determination of LST is very difficult, whcih is related to the atmospheric effect, the nonuniformity of land surface and the coupling between surface temperature and emissivity. In particular, the coupling between the land surface temperature and emissivity constructs a severe obstacle for the accurate determination of LST, because at present, the knowledge about global and surface emissivity is still very deficient. Based on the assumption that the change of emissivity is normally negligible in a short period of time a two_channel method is proposed to determine LSTs and emissivities, simultaneously, in which a set of measurement data of two channels made at two different time, day and night or two continuous days or nights, are used. If there are emissivity variations in two time measurements, with the relative changes of emissivities for different channels being the same, then a three_channel method can be used to determine land surface temperautre and emssivity simultaneously.

Whole-genome Sequencing Reveals Autooctoploidy in Chinese Sturgeon and Its Evolutionary Trajectories

The order Acipenseriformes,which includes sturgeons and paddlefishes,represents“living fossils”with complex genomes that are good models for understanding whole-genome duplication(WGD)and ploidy evolution in fishes.Here,we sequenced and assembled the first high-quality chromosome-level genome for the complex octoploid Acipenser sinensis(Chinese sturgeon),a critically endangered species that also represents a poorly understood ploidy group in Acipenseriformes.Our results show that A.sinensis is a complex autooctoploid species containing four kinds of octovalents(8n),a hexavalent(6n),two tetravalents(4n),and a divalent(2n).An analysis taking into account delayed rediploidization reveals that the octoploid genome composition of Chinese sturgeon results from two rounds of homologous WGDs,and further provides insights into the timing of its ploidy evolution.This study provides the first octoploid genome resource of Acipenseriformes for understanding ploidy compositions and evolutionary trajectories of polyploid fishes.