Sn-doped BiOCl nanosheet with synergistic H^(+)/Zn^(2+)co-insertion for“rocking chair”zinc-ion battery

The development of insertion-type anodes is the key to designing“rocking chair”zinc-ion batteries.However,there is rare report on high mass loading anode with high performances.Here,{001}-oriented Bi OCl nanosheets with Sn doping are proposed as a promising insertion-type anode.The designs of cross-linked CNTs conductive network,{001}-oriented nanosheet,and Sn doping significantly enhance ion/electron transport,proved via experimental tests and theoretical calculations(density of states and diffusion barrier).The H^(+)/Zn^(2+)synergistic co-insertion mechanism is proved via ex situ XRD,Raman,XPS,and SEM tests.Accordingly,this optimized electrode delivers a high reversible capacity of 194 m A h g^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1)with a voltage of≈0.37 V and an impressive cyclability with 128 m A h g^(-1)over 2500 cycles at 1 A g^(-1).It also shows satisfactory performances at an ultrahigh mass loading of 10 mg cm^(-2).Moreover,the Sn-Bi OCl//MnO_(2)full cell displays a reversible capacity of 85 m A h g^(-1)at 0.2 A g^(-1)during cyclic test.

Advances of research on high-speed railway catenary

The interaction between the catenary and pantograph is one of the most crucial factors that determine the train operation in high-speed railway. The bad state of catenary is able to directly influence the power supply safety of traction power system. In this paper, four aspects on the catenary research of high-speed railway are reviewed in detail, namely the solution methods for catenary equilibrium state, the dynamic modeling methods of catenary, the non-contact detection methods of catenary, and the static and dynamic evaluation methods of catenary. In addition, their recent advances are described. For the low solution accuracy of the initial equilibrium state of cate- nary, the structure finding method with multi-objective constraint and nonlinear finite element procedure are introduced to solve the problem. For the catenary＇s dynamic modeling, considering the influence of environmental wind on the catenary, environmental wind simula- tions and wind tunnel tests are used to obtain the aerodynamic coefficients and build the wind field along the catenary for analysis of its wind vibration characteristics. In order to improve the detection accuracy of non-contact detection for the catenary, the deep learning theory and real-time detection algorithms should be adopted in the future. In view of the lack of dynamic assessment method for the catenary, the modern spectrum evaluation, timefrequency analysis, big data technology and their combi- nations will be the important means for future catenary evaluation.

Transcriptomic analysis of grapevine in response to ABA application reveals its diverse regulations during cold acclimation and deacclimation

Abscisic acid(ABA)plays crucial regulatory roles in cold acclimation and deacclimation of grapevine,making it a potential tool to be utilized in vineyards for the acquisition of preferred phenotypes in winter and spring.To understand the function of ABA,we conducted experiments during cold acclimation and deacclimation and evaluated the impact of exogenous ABA on the grapevine transcriptome.RNA-seq data were collected periodically hours or days after ABA treatment.Transcriptomic data were analyzed using principal component analysis(PCA),hierarchical clustering,unsupervised weighed gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA),contrast-based differentially expressed genes(DEGs)identification and pre-ranked gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA).Our results suggest that ABA functions differently during cold acclimation and deacclimation by selectively regulating key pathways including auxin/indole acetic acid(IAA)metabolism,galactose metabolism and ribosome biogenesis.We also identified the activation of several apparent negative feedback systems that regulated ABA-induced transcriptomic changes,suggesting the existence of a balancing system in response to excessive ABA.This balancing systems potentially eliminates the long-term negative effect on grapevine growing from using ABA in the field.These findings advance our understanding about the regulation of grapevine physiology during dormancy and supports the potential of applying ABA as a cultural practice to mitigate cold injury in winter and spring.

Directly conversion the biomass-waste to Si/C composite anode materials for advanced lithium ion batteries

The necessity to explore high-efficiency and high-value utilization strategy for biomass-waste is desirable.Herein,the strategy for direct conversion biomass-waste(rice husks) to Si/C composite structure anode was built.The Si/C composite materials were successfully obtained via the typical thermal reduction with magnesium,and the Si nanopa rticle was uniformly embedded in carbon frame,as revealed by Raman,X-ray diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscope(TEM) measurement.The carbon structure among rice husks was effectively used as a protective layer to accommodate the volume variation of Si anode during the repeated lithiation/delithiation process.Benefitting from the structure design,the batteries show a superior electrochemical stability with the capacity retention rate above 90% after 150 cycles at the charge/discha rge rate of 0.5 C(1 C=600 mAh/g),and hold a high charge capacity of 420.7 mAh/g at the rate of 3 C.Therefore,our finding not only provides a promising design strategy for directly conversion biomass-waste to electrochemical storage materials but broadens the high-efficiency utilization method for other biomass by-products.