Satellite records show that the extent and thickness of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean have significantly decreased since the early 1970s.The prediction of sea ice is highly important,but accurate simulation of sea ice v...Satellite records show that the extent and thickness of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean have significantly decreased since the early 1970s.The prediction of sea ice is highly important,but accurate simulation of sea ice variations remains highly challenging.For improving model performance,sensitivity experiments were conducted using the coupled ocean and sea ice model(NEMO-LIM),and the simulation results were compared against satellite observations.Moreover,the contribution ratios of dynamic and thermodynamic processes to sea ice variations were analyzed.The results show that the performance of the model in reconstructing the spatial distribution of Arctic sea ice is highly sensitive to ice strength decay constant(C^(rhg)).By reducing the C^(rhg) constant,the sea ice compressive strength increases,leading to improved simulated sea ice states.The contribution of thermodynamic processes to sea ice melting was reduced due to less deformation and fracture of sea ice with increased compressive strength.Meanwhile,dynamic processes constrained more sea ice to the central Arctic Ocean and contributed to the increases in ice concentration,reducing the simulation bias in the central Arctic Ocean in summer.The root mean square error(RMSE)between modeled and the CryoSat-2/SMOS satellite observed ice thickness was reduced in the compressive strength-enhanced model solution.The ice thickness,especially of multiyear thick ice,was also reduced and matched with the satellite observation better in the freezing season.These provide an essential foundation on exploring the response of the marine ecosystem and biogeochemical cycling to sea ice changes.展开更多
Identifying the main factors on spatial diff erences in net growth rate of Yesso scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis)in culture system is the key to eff ective aquaculture management and development.Coupling a 3D ecosyste...Identifying the main factors on spatial diff erences in net growth rate of Yesso scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis)in culture system is the key to eff ective aquaculture management and development.Coupling a 3D ecosystem model(ROMS-CoSiNE)with a dynamic energy budget model for scallops,a Yesso scallop culture ecosystem(YeSCE)model was established with which scallop growth was simulated with real seeding density and juvenile size from local aquaculture experiments from December 1,2012 to November 30,2013.Results show that the YeSCE model has reasonably simulated the environmental variation and scallop net growth rate in the Changhai sea area.The growth of scallops was slow in winter and midsummer and was limited mainly by temperature.Food availability was a key factor that contributed to the fast growth of the scallops during spring to early summer and in autumn.Generally,the scallops cultured in the north part of the Changhai sea area grew faster than those in the south;and the net growth rate for scallops cultured near the island was signifi cantly higher compare to the others,which is probably correlated to the spatial distribution of food availability.Based on the correlation analysis,the spatial diff erences of the net growth rate were largely aff ected by the length of the match timing of temperatures and food availability.The results of this study provide a scientifi c support for optimizing bottom culture planning and adjusting bottom culture methods.展开更多
The sea ice conditions in the Kara Sea have important impacts on Arctic shipping,oil and gas production,and marine environmental changes.In this study,sea ice coverage(C_(R))less than 30%is considered as open water,it...The sea ice conditions in the Kara Sea have important impacts on Arctic shipping,oil and gas production,and marine environmental changes.In this study,sea ice coverage(C_(R))less than 30%is considered as open water,its onset and end dates are defined as T_(open)and T_(close),respectively.The sea ice melt onset(T_(melt))is defined as the date when ice-sea freshwater flux initially changes from ice into the ocean.Satellite-based sea ice concentration(SIC)from 1989 to 2019 shows a negative correlation between T_(open)and T_(close)(r=-0.77,p<0.01)in the Kara Sea.This phenomenon is also obtained through analyzing the hindcast simulation from 1994 to 2015 by a coupled ocean and sea-ice model(NAPA1/4).The model results reveal that thermodynamics dominate the sea ice variations,and ice basal melt is greater than the ice surface melt.Heat budget estimation suggests that the heat flux is significant correlated with T_(open)(r=-0.95,p<0.01)during the melt period(the duration of multi-year averaged T_(melt)to T_(open))influenced by the sea ice conditions.Additionally,this heat flux is also suggested to dominate the interannual variation of the heat input during the whole heat absorption process(r=0.81,p<0.01).The more heat input during this process leads to later T_(close)(r=0.77,p<0.01).This is the physical basis of the negative correlation between T_(open)and T_(close).Therefore,the duration of open water can be predicted by T_(open)and thence support earlier planning of marine activities.展开更多
Spinal acrylic bone cements(ABCs)are used clinically for percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP)and kyphoplasty(PKP)to treat osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.Product translation of spinal ABC products followed th...Spinal acrylic bone cements(ABCs)are used clinically for percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP)and kyphoplasty(PKP)to treat osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.Product translation of spinal ABC products followed the design control processes including design verification and validation.The bench to bedside translation of the first Chinese spinal ABC product(Alliment®,namely Alliment Cement)approved by National Medical Products Administration of China was investigated and another commercial product served as the control(Osteopal®V,namely Osteopal V Cement).Results of non-clinical bench performance verification tests of compression,bending and monomer release showed that the newly marketed Alliment Cement is similar to the Osteopal V Cement with properties of both meeting the criteria specified by standards.The Alliment Cement demonstrated good biocompatibility during the 26 weeks’bone implantation test.Porcine cadaver validation tests further revealed that the Alliment Cement satisfied the needs for both PVP and PKP procedures.A post-approval,retrospective clinical investigation further demonstrated the safety and efficacy of the Alliment Cement,with a significant reduction of pain and the improved stability of the fractured vertebral bodies.A successful translation of biomaterial medical products needs close collaborations among academia,industry,healthcare professionals and regulatory agencies.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41630969,41941013,41806225)the Tianjin Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.20JCQNJC01290)。
文摘Satellite records show that the extent and thickness of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean have significantly decreased since the early 1970s.The prediction of sea ice is highly important,but accurate simulation of sea ice variations remains highly challenging.For improving model performance,sensitivity experiments were conducted using the coupled ocean and sea ice model(NEMO-LIM),and the simulation results were compared against satellite observations.Moreover,the contribution ratios of dynamic and thermodynamic processes to sea ice variations were analyzed.The results show that the performance of the model in reconstructing the spatial distribution of Arctic sea ice is highly sensitive to ice strength decay constant(C^(rhg)).By reducing the C^(rhg) constant,the sea ice compressive strength increases,leading to improved simulated sea ice states.The contribution of thermodynamic processes to sea ice melting was reduced due to less deformation and fracture of sea ice with increased compressive strength.Meanwhile,dynamic processes constrained more sea ice to the central Arctic Ocean and contributed to the increases in ice concentration,reducing the simulation bias in the central Arctic Ocean in summer.The root mean square error(RMSE)between modeled and the CryoSat-2/SMOS satellite observed ice thickness was reduced in the compressive strength-enhanced model solution.The ice thickness,especially of multiyear thick ice,was also reduced and matched with the satellite observation better in the freezing season.These provide an essential foundation on exploring the response of the marine ecosystem and biogeochemical cycling to sea ice changes.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2017YFC1404403,2016YFC1401602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41806018)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA23050502)。
文摘Identifying the main factors on spatial diff erences in net growth rate of Yesso scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis)in culture system is the key to eff ective aquaculture management and development.Coupling a 3D ecosystem model(ROMS-CoSiNE)with a dynamic energy budget model for scallops,a Yesso scallop culture ecosystem(YeSCE)model was established with which scallop growth was simulated with real seeding density and juvenile size from local aquaculture experiments from December 1,2012 to November 30,2013.Results show that the YeSCE model has reasonably simulated the environmental variation and scallop net growth rate in the Changhai sea area.The growth of scallops was slow in winter and midsummer and was limited mainly by temperature.Food availability was a key factor that contributed to the fast growth of the scallops during spring to early summer and in autumn.Generally,the scallops cultured in the north part of the Changhai sea area grew faster than those in the south;and the net growth rate for scallops cultured near the island was signifi cantly higher compare to the others,which is probably correlated to the spatial distribution of food availability.Based on the correlation analysis,the spatial diff erences of the net growth rate were largely aff ected by the length of the match timing of temperatures and food availability.The results of this study provide a scientifi c support for optimizing bottom culture planning and adjusting bottom culture methods.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2016YFC1401401the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41630969,41941013 and 41806225。
文摘The sea ice conditions in the Kara Sea have important impacts on Arctic shipping,oil and gas production,and marine environmental changes.In this study,sea ice coverage(C_(R))less than 30%is considered as open water,its onset and end dates are defined as T_(open)and T_(close),respectively.The sea ice melt onset(T_(melt))is defined as the date when ice-sea freshwater flux initially changes from ice into the ocean.Satellite-based sea ice concentration(SIC)from 1989 to 2019 shows a negative correlation between T_(open)and T_(close)(r=-0.77,p<0.01)in the Kara Sea.This phenomenon is also obtained through analyzing the hindcast simulation from 1994 to 2015 by a coupled ocean and sea-ice model(NAPA1/4).The model results reveal that thermodynamics dominate the sea ice variations,and ice basal melt is greater than the ice surface melt.Heat budget estimation suggests that the heat flux is significant correlated with T_(open)(r=-0.95,p<0.01)during the melt period(the duration of multi-year averaged T_(melt)to T_(open))influenced by the sea ice conditions.Additionally,this heat flux is also suggested to dominate the interannual variation of the heat input during the whole heat absorption process(r=0.81,p<0.01).The more heat input during this process leads to later T_(close)(r=0.77,p<0.01).This is the physical basis of the negative correlation between T_(open)and T_(close).Therefore,the duration of open water can be predicted by T_(open)and thence support earlier planning of marine activities.
文摘Spinal acrylic bone cements(ABCs)are used clinically for percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP)and kyphoplasty(PKP)to treat osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.Product translation of spinal ABC products followed the design control processes including design verification and validation.The bench to bedside translation of the first Chinese spinal ABC product(Alliment®,namely Alliment Cement)approved by National Medical Products Administration of China was investigated and another commercial product served as the control(Osteopal®V,namely Osteopal V Cement).Results of non-clinical bench performance verification tests of compression,bending and monomer release showed that the newly marketed Alliment Cement is similar to the Osteopal V Cement with properties of both meeting the criteria specified by standards.The Alliment Cement demonstrated good biocompatibility during the 26 weeks’bone implantation test.Porcine cadaver validation tests further revealed that the Alliment Cement satisfied the needs for both PVP and PKP procedures.A post-approval,retrospective clinical investigation further demonstrated the safety and efficacy of the Alliment Cement,with a significant reduction of pain and the improved stability of the fractured vertebral bodies.A successful translation of biomaterial medical products needs close collaborations among academia,industry,healthcare professionals and regulatory agencies.
