The role of flavonoids in mitigating food originated heterocyclic aromatic amines that concerns human wellness

Meat products are an important part in our daily diet,providing valuable nutrients for the human body.However,heating processes cause the meat to become more appetizing with changes in texture,appearance,flavor,and chemical properties by the altering of protein structure and other ingredients.As one kind of cooking-induced contaminants,heterocyclic aromatic amines(HAAs)are widely present in protein aceous food products with strong carcinogenic and mutagenic properties.In order to promote the safety of traditional meat products,this review focused on the formation,metabolism,biological monitoring and inhibitory mechanism of HAA.An overview of the formation pathways,hazards,and control methods of HAAs during food processing in recent years was studied,aiming to provide some valuable information for exploring effective methods to inhibit the production of associated hazards during food processing.Systematic selection of different types of flavonoids to explore their effects on the formation of HAAs in an actual barbecue system can provide theoretical reference for effectively controlling the formation of HAAs and reducing their harm to human health.

Effects of Rhodiola rosea and its major compounds on insulin resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans

By establishing insulin resistance model of Caenorhabditis elegans,the effects of Rhodiola rosea extract and its compounds on glucose level,insulin signal intensity,antioxidant enzymes and cell apoptosis of C.elegans were investigated in present study.The mRNA expression of DAF-2,DAF-16,AkT-1,SKN-1,AAK-2 and SOD-3 were detected by qRT-PCR.The results revealed that R.rosea extract contain salidroside,kaempferol,chlorogenic acid,kaemphenol-7-O-glucoside,caffeic acid,and quercetin,etc.At the concentration of 200μg/mL,R.rosea extract treated C.elegans showed increased insulin signal intensity by 52.46%compared with the normal group,while,glucose content decreased by 72.13%and reactive oxygen species(ROS)level decreased by 36.84%.Compared with high glucose model group,the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)increased by 10.9,14.2 and 27.9,respectively.After R.rosea extract intervention,the expression levels of DAF-2,AkT-1,AAK-2,SKN-1 and other genes significantly increased.These results also indicated that R.rosea extract could activate insulin receptor substrate(IRS)and adenosine 5′-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)pathways to enhance insulin signaling,promote nutrient metabolism,and achieve the effect for improving insulin resistance of C.elegans.