蛋鸡饲养方式的发展趋势和研发挑战(续完)

3．3替代型饲养系统中的垫板或垫料 富集型群养系统中的垫板常常被鸡粪污染。受污染的垫板提高了人们对生产环境中微生物质量的担忧，进而增加了对鸡蛋安全或其他疾病发生率的关注。研究和开发应注重于研究能够保持垫板清洁的方法。这一方面的轶事证据表明，垫板的大小对于其清洁度会产生重要的影响。

The Chinese Hα Solar Explorer(CHASE) mission: An overview

The Chinese Hα Solar Explorer(CHASE), dubbed “Xihe”—Goddess of the Sun, was launched on October 14, 2021 as the first solar space mission of China National Space Administration(CNSA). The CHASE mission is designed to test a newly developed satellite platform and to acquire the spectroscopic observations in the Hα waveband. The Hα Imaging Spectrograph(HIS)is the scientific payload of the CHASE satellite. It consists of two observational modes: raster scanning mode and continuum imaging mode. The raster scanning mode obtains full-Sun or region-of-interest spectral images from 6559.7 to 6565.9 ? and from 6567.8 to 6570.6 ? with 0.024 ? pixel spectral resolution and 1 min temporal resolution. The continuum imaging mode obtains photospheric images in continuum around 6689 ? with the full width at half maximum of 13.4 ?. The CHASE mission will advance our understanding of the dynamics of solar activity in the photosphere and chromosphere. In this paper, we present an overview of the CHASE mission including the scientific objectives, HIS instrument overview, data calibration flow, and first results of on-orbit observations.

Cloud-based data management system for automatic real-time data acquisition from large-scale laying-hen farms

Management of poultry farms in China mostly relies on manual labor.Since such a large amount of valuable data for the production process either are saved incomplete or saved only as paper documents,making it very difficult for data retrieve,processing and analysis.An integrated cloud-based data management system(CDMS)was proposed in this study,in which the asynchronous data transmission,distributed file system,and wireless network technology were used for information collection,management and sharing in large-scale egg production.The cloud-based platform can provide information technology infrastructures for different farms.The CDMS can also allocate the computing resources and storage space based on demand.A real-time data acquisition software was developed,which allowed farm management staff to submit reports through website or smartphone,enabled digitization of production data.The use of asynchronous transfer in the system can avoid potential data loss during the transmission between farms and the remote cloud data center.All the valid historical data of poultry farms can be stored to the remote cloud data center,and then eliminates the need for large server clusters on the farms.Users with proper identification can access the online data portal of the system through a browser or an APP from anywhere worldwide.

On the technologies of Hα imaging spectrograph for the CHASE mission

The Hα imaging spectrograph(HIS) is the scientific payload of the first solar space mission, the Chinese Hα solar explorer(CHASE), supported by the China National Space Administration(CNSA). The CHASE/HIS achieves, for the first time in space, Hα spectroscopic observations with high spectral and temporal resolutions. Separate channels for the raster scanning mode(RSM) and continuum imaging mode(CIM) are integrated into one, and a highly integrated design is achieved through multiple folding of the optical path and ultra-light miniaturized components. The design of HIS implements a number of key technologies such as high-precision scanning of the optical field of view(FOV), high-precision integrated manufacturing inspection, a large-tolerance pre-filter window, and full-link solar radiation calibration. The HIS instrument has a pixel spectral resolution of 0.024 ? and can complete a full-Sun scanning within 46 s.

Evaluation of nesting behavior of individual laying hens in an enriched colony housing by using RFID technology

The US egg industry is progressively adopting alternative housing systems for laying hens.Provision of nesting places accommodates natural behaviors and may improve the welfare of the laying hen.However,some fundamental questions remain about nesting behaviors of hens under different housing conditions,which would impact system design and management.For instance,how long does a hen use nest per day for egg laying or nest exploration?How many hens nest simultaneously?In such schemes,information on hens’behavioral and production responses of hens remains relatively sparse.The primary objective of this work was to demonstrate that RFID technology can be used to continuously quantify dynamic nesting behaviors of individual laying hens in a 60-hen enriched colony housing(ECH).Results show that hens spent on average 63.7±1.4 min(mean±SE)in the nest box and made 23.4±0.7 nest visits during a 16 h daily light period.Time spent in and visits to the nest box during the 6 h laying period accounted for 56% and 45% of the light-period value,respectively.Maximum nest occupancy was 29.0%±0.4%.Three distinct phases of egg production in nest boxes were observed:initial(1.5 h),peak(3.2 h,egg laying rate of 0.24±0.01 eggs/min),and late(1.3 h).The majority(95.1%±0.6%)of the daily eggs were laid in the nest box.Considerable variations in nesting behavior among individual hens and day-to-day variations for a given hen were observed.The RFID system will enable researchers to examine the impacts of resource allocations on nesting behaviors of laying hens in alternative hen housing.

First Asian Conference on Precision Livestock Farming(PLF-Asia 2016)held in Beijing,China

The 1st Asian Conference on Precision Livestock Farming(PLF-Asia 2016),jointly sponsored by China Agricultural University(CAU),the International Research Center for Animal Environment and Welfare(IRCAEW)and the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,was convened at CAU International Conference Center,Beijing,China on September 9-11,2016.Prof.Li Baoming from CAU and Prof.Hongwei Xin from Iowa State University co-chaired PLF-Asia 2016.Prof.Liu Zuohua from Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences(CAAS)was the Organizing Committee Chair.Prof.Gong Yuanshi,Vice President of CAU gave a welcome and opening speech.Prof.Wang Maohua,an Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering shared his thoughts on precision livestock farming in the opening remarks.

Overview of 2015 International Symposium on Animal Environment and Welfare held in Chongqing,China

On October 24-25,2015 International Symposium on Animal Environment and Welfare(ISAEW2015),jointly sponsored by the International Research Center for Animal Environment and Welfare(IRCAEW)and the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,was convened in Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences(CAAS),Chongqing,China.Prof.Baoming Li from China Agricultural University(CAU)and Distinguished Prof.Hongwei Xin from Iowa State University were the Co-Chairs of ISAEW2015,and Prof.Zuohua Liu from CAAS chaired the Organizing Committee.