Gold(Au) nanostructures(NSs) have been widely employed as cocatalysts to improve the photoactivity of semiconductor materials, while a systematic summary of the engineering approaches of Au NSs to maximize the solar-t...Gold(Au) nanostructures(NSs) have been widely employed as cocatalysts to improve the photoactivity of semiconductor materials, while a systematic summary of the engineering approaches of Au NSs to maximize the solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency is still lacking. In this review, the recently developed strategies for elevating the overall photocatalytic performance of Au-based catalysts and the deep physical chemistry mechanisms are highlighted. Firstly, the synthetic approaches of Au NSs are summarized, followed by an elaboration on their multiple functions in improving photoactivity. Afterward, modification strategies of Au NSs used to enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of Au-semiconductor composites,including controlling the Au NSs morphology, size, crystal phase, defect engineering, alloying with different metals, modulating interfacial interaction, and introducing an external field, are summarized and discussed independently. Additionally, advanced characterization techniques that can provide insights into the charge dynamics of the photocatalysts are introduced. Finally, we share our opinion on the challenges and outline potentially promising opportunities and directions for efficient Au-based photocatalysis research moving forward. We sincerely look forward to this review can deliver insightful views to design efficient Au-based photocatalysts and spur certain innovations to other metal-based catalysts.展开更多
Since the discovery of transition metal dichalcogenide(TMDC)nanoparticles(NPs)with the onion-like structure,many efforts have been made to develop their fabrication methods.Laser fabrication(LF)is one of the most prom...Since the discovery of transition metal dichalcogenide(TMDC)nanoparticles(NPs)with the onion-like structure,many efforts have been made to develop their fabrication methods.Laser fabrication(LF)is one of the most promising methods to prepare onion-structured TMDC(or OS-TMDC)NPs due to its green,flexible,and scalable syntheses.In this mini-review article,we systematically introduce various laser-induced OS-TMDC(especially the OS-MoS_(2))NPs,their formation mechanism,properties,and applications.The preparation routes mainly include laser ablation in liquids and atmospheres,and laser irradiation in liquids.The various formation mechanisms are then introduced based on the different preparation routes,to describe the formations of the corresponding OS-NPs.Finally,some interesting properties and novel applications of these NPs are briefly demonstrated,and a short outlook is also given.This review could help to understand the progress of the laser-induced OS-TMDC NPs and their applications.展开更多
通过聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)插层改性蒙脱土(MMT)获得了功能化改性蒙脱土(MMT-PMMA),通过刮涂在聚丙烯(PP)微孔膜表面引入MMT-PMMA后,再通过浸涂在微孔膜表面引入单宁酸(TA),制备了具有高电解液润湿性和高耐热性的改性微孔膜(PP/MMT-PMM...通过聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)插层改性蒙脱土(MMT)获得了功能化改性蒙脱土(MMT-PMMA),通过刮涂在聚丙烯(PP)微孔膜表面引入MMT-PMMA后,再通过浸涂在微孔膜表面引入单宁酸(TA),制备了具有高电解液润湿性和高耐热性的改性微孔膜(PP/MMT-PMMA/TA)。接触角测试结果显示,PP微孔膜改性后,电解液接触角由47°降至0°,且电解液吸收率由PP膜的97.5%提高至136.6%,证明PP/MMT-PMMA/TA微孔膜具有良好的电解液亲和性。将微孔膜在不同温度放置30 min测试其耐热性,结果表明,PP/MMT-PMMA/TA微孔膜的耐热性较改性前的PP微孔膜有显著提升。电池性能测试结果表明,经PP/MMT-PMMA/TA微孔膜组装的电池首次充放电容量(60.0 m Ah/g)相比改性前的PP微孔膜(41.3 mAh/g)提升了45%,且倍率性能更好。展开更多
In view of the unclear understanding of the basic scientific problems such as the rheological mechanism of seed cotton,especially the lack of research on the creep characteristics of seed cotton,the machine-harvested ...In view of the unclear understanding of the basic scientific problems such as the rheological mechanism of seed cotton,especially the lack of research on the creep characteristics of seed cotton,the machine-harvested seed cotton in the Xinjiang region was taken as the research object to find out the compression creep characteristics.The universal material testing machine was used to carry out a one-factor creep test,taking moisture content,feed quality,compression times,and trash content as test factors and instantaneous elastic modulus,hysteretic elastic modulus,viscosity coefficient,and delay time as test indicators.The ANOVA and correlation were analyzed by SPSS,and the creep process of the seed cotton was simulated by ADAMS.Results show that moisture content significantly affects the instantaneous elastic modulus,hysteretic elastic modulus,and viscosity coefficient(p<0.01).In addition,each value of which decreases with the increase in moisture content.Feed quality significantly affects the hysteretic elastic modulus and viscosity coefficient(p<0.05).Moreover,the hysteretic elastic modulus and viscosity coefficient increase with the increase in feed quality.The compression times significantly influence the instantaneous elastic modulus,hysteretic elastic modulus,and viscosity coefficient(p<0.01),each value of which increases with the increase of compression times.Furthermore,the trash content significantly influenced the hysteretic elastic modulus and viscosity coefficient(p<0.05).The absolute error between the simulated and experimental values ek is within−0.011-0.030 mm,and the relative errorφk is less than 7%.The experimental results can provide theoretical and data support for the study of rheological characteristics of machine-harvested seed cotton,the design of seed cotton packing devices,and the molding quality of cotton bale(mold).展开更多
For a long time, there has been global concern over the environment and energy problems. Recently, the problems, which have brought about serious effect on the global living condition, have been in the ‘‘spotlight&q...For a long time, there has been global concern over the environment and energy problems. Recently, the problems, which have brought about serious effect on the global living condition, have been in the ‘‘spotlight" and given impetus to the universal's efforts to head for the same direction: stem the worst warming and strive for the renewable energy source. Hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) is undoubtedly a good choice,which holds the promise as a clean, efficient, safe and transferrable energy carrier. Octahedral coordination polymer, Cd_3(C_3N_3S_3)_2, was found to be a robust photocatalyst for H_2O_2 generation under visible light irradiation. To further improve the H_2O_2 generation efficiency, adhering the octahedron to reduced graphene(rGO) was applied as the strategy herein. The study shows that by adhering Cd_3(C_3N_3S_3)_2to rGO, the formation of H_2O_2 is 2.5-fold enhanced and its deformation is concurrently suppressed. This work not only demonstrates the effectiveness of adhering Cd_3(C_3N_3S_3)_2polymer to rGO for the improvement of the polymer's photocatalytic performance, but also proposes a general way for the fabrication of graphene/coordination compound hybrids for maximizing their synergy.展开更多
Against the background of global climate change, the increasing heat health risk from the combined effect of changes in high temperature, exposure, vulnerability, and other factors has become a growing concern.Yet the...Against the background of global climate change, the increasing heat health risk from the combined effect of changes in high temperature, exposure, vulnerability, and other factors has become a growing concern.Yet the low number of temperature observation stations is insufficient to represent the complex changes in urban heatwaves, and subdistrict-scale(town, township, neighborhood committee, and equivalent) heat health risk and adaptability assessments are still limited. In this study, we built daytime and nighttime high-temperature interpolation models supported by data from 225 meteorological stations in Beijing.The models performed well at interpolating the cumulative hours of high temperature and the interpolation quality at night was better than that during the day. We further established a methodological framework for heat health risk and adaptability assessments based on heat hazard, population exposure, social vulnerability, and adaptability at the subdistrict scale in Beijing. Our results show that the heat health risk hotspots were mainly located in the central urban area,with 81 hotspots during the day and 76 at night. The average value of the heat health risk index of urban areas was 5.60 times higher than that of suburban areas in the daytime,and 6.70 times higher than that of suburban areas in the night. Greater population density and higher intensity of heat hazards were the main reasons for the high risk in most heat health risk hotspots. Combined with a heat-adaptive-capacity evaluation for hotspot areas, this study suggests that 11high-risk and low-adaptation subdistricts are priority areas for government action to reduce heat health risk in policy formulation and urban development.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21902132)the Research Foundation-Flanders (1280021N, 1242922N, 1298323N)。
文摘Gold(Au) nanostructures(NSs) have been widely employed as cocatalysts to improve the photoactivity of semiconductor materials, while a systematic summary of the engineering approaches of Au NSs to maximize the solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency is still lacking. In this review, the recently developed strategies for elevating the overall photocatalytic performance of Au-based catalysts and the deep physical chemistry mechanisms are highlighted. Firstly, the synthetic approaches of Au NSs are summarized, followed by an elaboration on their multiple functions in improving photoactivity. Afterward, modification strategies of Au NSs used to enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of Au-semiconductor composites,including controlling the Au NSs morphology, size, crystal phase, defect engineering, alloying with different metals, modulating interfacial interaction, and introducing an external field, are summarized and discussed independently. Additionally, advanced characterization techniques that can provide insights into the charge dynamics of the photocatalysts are introduced. Finally, we share our opinion on the challenges and outline potentially promising opportunities and directions for efficient Au-based photocatalysis research moving forward. We sincerely look forward to this review can deliver insightful views to design efficient Au-based photocatalysts and spur certain innovations to other metal-based catalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21773031)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2018J01686)the State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment(SKLPEE-2017A01 and SKLPEE-2017B02)~~
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0207101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11974352 and 51771182)。
文摘Since the discovery of transition metal dichalcogenide(TMDC)nanoparticles(NPs)with the onion-like structure,many efforts have been made to develop their fabrication methods.Laser fabrication(LF)is one of the most promising methods to prepare onion-structured TMDC(or OS-TMDC)NPs due to its green,flexible,and scalable syntheses.In this mini-review article,we systematically introduce various laser-induced OS-TMDC(especially the OS-MoS_(2))NPs,their formation mechanism,properties,and applications.The preparation routes mainly include laser ablation in liquids and atmospheres,and laser irradiation in liquids.The various formation mechanisms are then introduced based on the different preparation routes,to describe the formations of the corresponding OS-NPs.Finally,some interesting properties and novel applications of these NPs are briefly demonstrated,and a short outlook is also given.This review could help to understand the progress of the laser-induced OS-TMDC NPs and their applications.
文摘通过聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)插层改性蒙脱土(MMT)获得了功能化改性蒙脱土(MMT-PMMA),通过刮涂在聚丙烯(PP)微孔膜表面引入MMT-PMMA后,再通过浸涂在微孔膜表面引入单宁酸(TA),制备了具有高电解液润湿性和高耐热性的改性微孔膜(PP/MMT-PMMA/TA)。接触角测试结果显示,PP微孔膜改性后,电解液接触角由47°降至0°,且电解液吸收率由PP膜的97.5%提高至136.6%,证明PP/MMT-PMMA/TA微孔膜具有良好的电解液亲和性。将微孔膜在不同温度放置30 min测试其耐热性,结果表明,PP/MMT-PMMA/TA微孔膜的耐热性较改性前的PP微孔膜有显著提升。电池性能测试结果表明,经PP/MMT-PMMA/TA微孔膜组装的电池首次充放电容量(60.0 m Ah/g)相比改性前的PP微孔膜(41.3 mAh/g)提升了45%,且倍率性能更好。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21975110,22378219,22302106)the Technology Support Program for the Youth Innovation Team of Shandong Higher Education Institutions(2023KJ225)the support from Taishan Youth Scholar Program of Shandong Province。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51605314,No.51805338,and No.32260435)Major Science and Technology Projects of the Corps(Grant No.2018AA008)+2 种基金Project of the Corps’Key Area Innovation Team Building Program(Grant No.2019CB006)Shihezi University Young Innovative Talents Project(Grant No.CXPY202120)Postgraduate Research Innovation Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Grant No.XJ2021G114).
文摘In view of the unclear understanding of the basic scientific problems such as the rheological mechanism of seed cotton,especially the lack of research on the creep characteristics of seed cotton,the machine-harvested seed cotton in the Xinjiang region was taken as the research object to find out the compression creep characteristics.The universal material testing machine was used to carry out a one-factor creep test,taking moisture content,feed quality,compression times,and trash content as test factors and instantaneous elastic modulus,hysteretic elastic modulus,viscosity coefficient,and delay time as test indicators.The ANOVA and correlation were analyzed by SPSS,and the creep process of the seed cotton was simulated by ADAMS.Results show that moisture content significantly affects the instantaneous elastic modulus,hysteretic elastic modulus,and viscosity coefficient(p<0.01).In addition,each value of which decreases with the increase in moisture content.Feed quality significantly affects the hysteretic elastic modulus and viscosity coefficient(p<0.05).Moreover,the hysteretic elastic modulus and viscosity coefficient increase with the increase in feed quality.The compression times significantly influence the instantaneous elastic modulus,hysteretic elastic modulus,and viscosity coefficient(p<0.01),each value of which increases with the increase of compression times.Furthermore,the trash content significantly influenced the hysteretic elastic modulus and viscosity coefficient(p<0.05).The absolute error between the simulated and experimental values ek is within−0.011-0.030 mm,and the relative errorφk is less than 7%.The experimental results can provide theoretical and data support for the study of rheological characteristics of machine-harvested seed cotton,the design of seed cotton packing devices,and the molding quality of cotton bale(mold).
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21003021 and 21373051)
文摘For a long time, there has been global concern over the environment and energy problems. Recently, the problems, which have brought about serious effect on the global living condition, have been in the ‘‘spotlight" and given impetus to the universal's efforts to head for the same direction: stem the worst warming and strive for the renewable energy source. Hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) is undoubtedly a good choice,which holds the promise as a clean, efficient, safe and transferrable energy carrier. Octahedral coordination polymer, Cd_3(C_3N_3S_3)_2, was found to be a robust photocatalyst for H_2O_2 generation under visible light irradiation. To further improve the H_2O_2 generation efficiency, adhering the octahedron to reduced graphene(rGO) was applied as the strategy herein. The study shows that by adhering Cd_3(C_3N_3S_3)_2to rGO, the formation of H_2O_2 is 2.5-fold enhanced and its deformation is concurrently suppressed. This work not only demonstrates the effectiveness of adhering Cd_3(C_3N_3S_3)_2polymer to rGO for the improvement of the polymer's photocatalytic performance, but also proposes a general way for the fabrication of graphene/coordination compound hybrids for maximizing their synergy.
基金This work was jointly supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC0507805)the Strategic Leading Science and Technology Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20020202).We express our sincere appreciation to the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments.
文摘Against the background of global climate change, the increasing heat health risk from the combined effect of changes in high temperature, exposure, vulnerability, and other factors has become a growing concern.Yet the low number of temperature observation stations is insufficient to represent the complex changes in urban heatwaves, and subdistrict-scale(town, township, neighborhood committee, and equivalent) heat health risk and adaptability assessments are still limited. In this study, we built daytime and nighttime high-temperature interpolation models supported by data from 225 meteorological stations in Beijing.The models performed well at interpolating the cumulative hours of high temperature and the interpolation quality at night was better than that during the day. We further established a methodological framework for heat health risk and adaptability assessments based on heat hazard, population exposure, social vulnerability, and adaptability at the subdistrict scale in Beijing. Our results show that the heat health risk hotspots were mainly located in the central urban area,with 81 hotspots during the day and 76 at night. The average value of the heat health risk index of urban areas was 5.60 times higher than that of suburban areas in the daytime,and 6.70 times higher than that of suburban areas in the night. Greater population density and higher intensity of heat hazards were the main reasons for the high risk in most heat health risk hotspots. Combined with a heat-adaptive-capacity evaluation for hotspot areas, this study suggests that 11high-risk and low-adaptation subdistricts are priority areas for government action to reduce heat health risk in policy formulation and urban development.
