Rapid determination of tannin in Danshen and Guanxinning injections using UV spectrophotometry for quality control

A technique for the determination of tannin content in traditional Chinese medicine injections(TCMI)was developed based on ultraviolet(UV)spectroscopy.Chemometrics were used to construct a mathematical model of absorption spectrum and tannin reference content of Danshen and Guanxinning injections,and the model was veried and applied.The results showed that the established UV-based spectral partial least squares regression(PLS)tannin content model performed well with a correlation coefficient(r)of 0.952,root mean square error of calibration(RMSEC)of 0.476
g/ml,root mean square error of validation(RMSEV)of 1.171
g/ml,and root mean square error of prediction(RMSEP)of 0.465
g/ml.Pattern recognition models using linear discriminant analysis(LDA)and k nearest neighbor(k-NN)classiers based on UV spectrum could successfully classify different types of injections and different manufacturers.The established method to measure tannin content based on UV spectroscopy is simple,rapid and reliable and provides technical support for quality control of tannin in Chinese medicine injections.

In-situ monitoring of saccharides removal of alcohol precipitation using near-infrared spectroscopy

As unsafe components in herbal medicine(HM),saccharides can affect not only the drug appearance and stabilization,but also the drug efficacy and safety.The present study focuses on the in-line monitoring of batch alcohol precipitation processes for saccharide removal using nearinfrared(NIR)spectroscopy.NIR spectra in the 4000–10,000-cm^(-1)wavelength range are acquired in situ using a transflectance probe.These directly acquired spectra allow characterization of the dynamic variation tendency of saccharides during alcohol precipitation.Calibration models based on partial least squares(PLS)regression have been developed for the three saccharide impurities,namely glucose,fructose,and sucrose.Model errors are estimated as the root-meansquare errors of cross-validation(RMSECVs)of internal validation and root-mean-square errors of prediction(RMSEPs)of external validation.The RMSECV values of glucose,fructose,and sucrose were 1.150,1.535,and 3.067 mg·mL^(-1),and the RMSEP values were 0.711,1.547,and 3.740 mg·mL^(-1),respectively.The correlation coeffcients(r)between the NIR predictive and the reference measurement values were all above 0.94.Furthermore,NIR predictions based on the constructed models improved our understanding of sugar removal and helped develop a control strategy for alcohol precipitation.The results demonstrate that,as an alternative process analytical technology(PAT)tool for monitoring batch alcohol precipitation processes,NIR spectroscopy is advantageous for both efficient determination of quality characteristics(fast,in situ,and requiring no toxic reagents)and process stability,and evaluating the repeatability.

Investigation of the bottom analog of the Zcs(3985)state

Motivated by the recent discoveries of the hidden charm exotic state with strangeness by the BESⅢand LHCb Collaborations,we study the S-wave hidden bottom tetraquark with strangeness in two kinds of quark models.Both meson-meson and diquarkantidiquark configurations are taken into account.The numerical results indicate that there is no bound state in both quark models.However,several resonance states have been predicted.Three resonance states with I(JP)=1/2(0+)are found,the energy ranges of which are 10479-10550,10528-10632,and 10597-10681 MeV,respectively.Three resonance states with I(JP)=1/2(1+)are predicted to be located at 10491-10675,10502-10679,and 10522-10723 MeV,respectively.Moreover,there also exists a resonance with I(JP)=1/2(2+)and the mass is estimated to be 10531-10680 MeV.Besides,the decay widths of these predicted resonances are calculated.All these predicted states in the present work should be accessible for further experiments in LHCb.

Electron-ion collider in China

Lepton scattering is an established ideal tool for studying inner structure of small particles such as nucleons as well as nuclei.As a future high energy nuclear physics project,an Electron-ion collider in China(EicC)has been proposed.It will be constructed based on an upgraded heavy-ion accelerator,High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility(HIAF)which is currently under construction,together with a new electron ring.The proposed collider will provide highly polarized electrons(with a po-larization of 80%)and protons(with a polarization of 70%)with variable center of mass energies from 15 to 20 GeV and the luminosity of(2–3)×1033 cm^(−2)·s^(−1).Polarized deuterons and Helium-3,as well as unpolarized ion beams from Carbon to Uranium,will be also available at the EicC.The main foci of the EicC will be precision measurements of the structure of the nucleon in the sea quark region,including 3D tomography of nucleon;the partonic structure of nuclei and the parton interaction with the nuclear environment;the exotic states,especially those with heavy flavor quark contents.In addition,issues fundamental to understanding the origin of mass could be addressed by measurements of heavy quarkonia near-threshold production at the EicC.In order to achieve the above-mentioned physics goals,a hermetical detector system will be constructed with cutting-edge technologies.This document is the result of collective contributions and valuable inputs from experts across the globe.The EicC physics program complements the ongoing scientific programs at the Jefferson Laboratory and the future EIC project in the United States.The success of this project will also advance both nuclear and particle physics as well as accelerator and detector technology in China.

A fast algorithm for computing electromagnetic fields of a thin wire current source inside lossy ground

In this paper,a fast algorithm is presented to compute the electromagnetic fields of a thin wire current source inside lossy ground.The modified image method is used to evaluate the Sommerfeld integrals,and the fast multipole method(FMM)is utilized for solving the governing electric field integral equation(EFIE).The validation of the proposed algorithm is performed by comparing the results with that of using method of moment(MoM).The numerical example shows the flexibility,efficiency and accuracy of this algorithm.