microRNA regulation of fruit development,quality formation and stress response

Fruits,as the reproductive organs of many higher plants,are an integral part of a balanced diet,providing rich nutrients and bioactive substances for our health.Over the years,the research on fruit development,quality formation and stress response has deepened,which sheds light on the regulatory mechanism and application of fruit quality improvement.Among the many regulatory factors,microRNAs(miRNAs)are a class of short non-coding RNAs,ranging from 20 to 24-nt,which post-transcriptionally regulate target gene expression.miRNAs and their functions have been extensively examined in plants especially in model species,and they play critical roles in the regulation of diverse biological processes in response to endogenous developmental signals and external environmental cues,respectively.In fruit crops,the function of miRNAs and their regulation have also been under intensive study.In particular,the novel roles of miRNAs that have not been revealed in the model annual species have been unraveling,which reflect the genetic,physiological,and developmental complexity of gene regulation in fruit crops.Here we review the current research progress achieved,specifically in fruit crops,with a focus on the function of miRNAs in the control of fruit development and quality as well as response to various stresses.The future prospects of miRNAs for quality-targeted fruit breeding are also discussed.

Hemin Based Biomimetic Oxidative Degradation of Acid Orange 7

Degradation of dyes is an important environmental issue. In order to avoid the carcinogenic risks in anaerobic-aerobic biological process for wastewater containing azo dyes, a hemin based biomimetic oxidative degradation of azo dyes was developed. Acid orange 7 (AO7) was selected as the model for azo dye and the high efficient degradation was achieved in hemin/H2O2 system at pH 11.0. Degradation could be described by a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The order of dependence on H2O2 concentration was significantly larger than that of hemin. Coexisting anions sulphate and chloride had little effect on the degradation, but reductive sulphite dramatically inhibited the degradation. The protic solvent 2-prophanol obviously promoted the degradation. Azo chromogenic group was destroyed quickly and some smaller intermediates formed. Active species oxoferryl porphyrin p-cation radical +PFeIV=O generated from heterolytic cleavage of O-O in H2O2 catalyzed by hemin play the main roles in degradation and reaction pathways were proposed.

Inducing the SnO2-based electron transport layer into NiFe LDH/NF as efficient catalyst for OER and methanol oxidation reaction

In an electrocatalyst with a heterointerface structure,the different interfaces can efficiently adjust the catalyst’s conductivity and electron arrangement,thereby enhancing the activity of the electrocatalyst.Ultrathin and smaller Ni Fe LDH was successfully constructed on the surface of SnOnanosheet supported NF by layer by layer assembly,and exhibits lower overpotential of 234 mV at a current density of 10 m A cm,which only increases by 6.4%even at a high current density of 100 mA cm.The excellent OER activity of catalyst is attributed to the contribution of the semiconductor SnOelectron transport layer.Through experiments and characterization,3d structure SnOnanosheets control the growth of ultra-thin nickel-iron,the hierarchical interface between SnOand Ni Fe LDH can change the electron arrangement around the iron and nickel active centers at the interface,resulting the valence states of iron slightly increased and Nicontent increased.The result will promote the oxidation of water.Meanwhile,the SnOsemiconductor as electron transport layer is conducive to trapping electrons generated in oxidation reaction,promoting electrons transferring from the Ni Fe LDH active center to the Ni substrate more quickly,and enhance the activity of Ni Fe LDH.It also shows excellent activity in an electrolyte solution containing 0.5 M methanol and 1 M KOH,and only 1.396 V(vs.RHE)is required to drive a current density of 10 mA cm.