Characteristics of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of liquid slag

Rapid online analysis of liquid slag is essential for optimizing the quality and energy efficiency of steel production. To investigate the key factors that affect the online measurement of refined slag using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS), this study examined the effects of slag composition and temperature on the intensity and stability of the LIBS spectra. The experimental temperature was controlled at three levels: 1350℃, 1400℃, and 1450℃. The results showed that slag composition and temperature significantly affected the intensity and stability of the LIBS spectra. Increasing the Fe content and temperature in the slag reduces its viscosity, resulting in an enhanced intensity and stability of the LIBS spectra. Additionally, 42 refined slag samples were quantitatively analyzed for Fe, Si, Ca, Mg, Al, and Mn at 1350℃, 1400℃, and 1450℃.The normalized full spectrum combined with partial least squares(PLS) quantification modeling was used, using the Ca Ⅱ 317.91 nm spectral line as an internal standard. The results show that using the internal standard normalization method can significantly reduce the influence of spectral fluctuations. Meanwhile, a temperature of 1450℃ has been found to yield superior results compared to both 1350℃ and 1400℃, and it is advantageous to conduct a quantitative analysis of the slag when it is in a “water-like” state with low viscosity.

Advances in Research of Mechanism of Herb-Drug Interactions

With the concurrent consumption of herbal medicines and conventional drugs,herb-drug interactions(HDIs)have become the most important clinical consequence of this practice.A general overview and the significance of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic HDIs are provided,detailing basic mechanism,especially the metabolic enzymes and drug transporters,such as CYP450 and P-gp.

Reproductive toxicity of organic extracts from petrochemical plant effluents discharged to the Yangtze River,China

Water pollution of the Yangtze River in China became one of challenges that the government is facing today.Increasing numbers of petrochemical plants were built along the river in past decades,and numbers of organic chemicals were discharged into the river.Our goal was to establish in vitro system on rat sertoli cells,spermatogenic cells and leydig cells to investigate the reproductive toxicity potential induced by organic extracts from petrochemical effluents.Our results showed that the organic extract depressed the viability(p<0.01) and destroyed the plasma membrane integrity of sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells to a certain degree.Accordingly,proportion of early apoptotic sertoli cells and late apoptotic spermatogenic cells increased significantly.Although significant morphological changes were not detected for leydig cells,the extract was observed to inhibit their testosterone production(p<0.01).Sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells appeared to be more sensitive and maybe the main targets of the key toxins.These results suggested that the in vitro system on rat testicular cells may be useful to predicate reproductive toxicity potential of organic extracts from petrochemical effluents.More attention should be paid to the petrochemical effluents,because long-term accumulation of these organic compounds in organisms may cause spermatogenesis malfunction and testosterone reduction.

Clinical Observation and Network Pharmacology Study on Analgesic Effect of Qianghuo Chushi Decoction on Fasciitis

[Objectives]To observe the clinical analgesic effect of Qianghuo Chushi Decoction(QHCSD)on patients with fasciitis,and explore its possible molecular mechanism based on network pharmacology.[Methods]120 enrolled patients were randomly divided into experimental group and control group,and were separately treated with QHCSD formula granules and Diclofenac Sodium Enteric-coated Tablets for 4 weeks.The patient’s pain visual analogue scale(VAS)was used as the curative effect indicator.The molecular action mechanism of QHCSD was predicted based on network pharmacology,the active components of QHCSD were screened using TCMSP database,potential targets were predicted by PharmMapper server,compound-target network and protein interaction network were constructed,and GO-based enrichment analysis and KEGG-based biological pathway enrichment analysis were performed.[Results]After treatment,the pain scores in each group were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.01),the score of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.01),and the total effective rate of the experimental group was 83.33%,which was significantly higher than that of the control group(78.33%,P<0.05).Based on 108 active components in QHCSD,a compound-target network was constructed.The PPI network contained 155 nodes and 527 interaction relationships,and key nodes included FOS,ESR1,NCOA1,RELA,EGFR,MAPK8,IL-6,etc.The GO pathway mainly involved steroid hormone and its receptor activity,RNA polymerase II transcriptional regulator binding,nuclear receptor activity,protein heterodimerization activity and other pathways.KEGG metabolic pathways included PI3 K-Akt signaling pathway,Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV)infection and other pathways.[Conclusions]QHCSD has a significant analgesic effect on fasciitis,and the PI3 K-Akt signaling pathway may be the key pathway for its analgesic effect.

Optimization of the Ethanol Extraction Method of Monoester Alkaloids from Radix Aconiti Preparata Based on HPLC-MS and Orthogonal Test

[Objectives] This study was conducted to optimize the ethanol extraction technology of monoester alkaloids from Radix Aconiti Preparata. [Methods]On the basis of defined extraction times,ethanol concentration,ethanol times and extraction time were investigated by HPLC-MS combined with orthogonal test to optimize extraction process using the content of monoester alkaloids( the sum of benzoyl neoaconitine,benzoyl hypoaconitine and benzoyl aconitine) as an index.[Results]The optimum ethanol extraction technology was as follows: 75% ethanol,ethanol amount 25 times of the medicinal material,and each extraction for 1. 5 h.[Conclusions] The optimal extraction technology is simple,feasible,stable and reliable. It can provide reference for the industrial production and quality control of monoester alkaloids from Radix Aconiti Preparata.

基于组学的污染物高通量毒理学筛查与风险评估

从大量的环境污染物中筛查出具有高毒性、高风险的化学污染物是环境风险防控的前提和基础.有毒化学污染物经环境暴露进入生命体系后,可通过不同的分子靶标和生物学通路诱导有害健康结局.现有的高通量毒性筛查方法主要依赖少数且孤立的分子靶点,难以捕获致毒的关键生物学过程,无法确定化学污染物与疾病之间的直接关系.毒理基因组学利用组学技术所具有的全基因组覆盖、通量高、支持大数据分析等优势,实现了化学污染物高通量筛查和风险评估方法的革新.本文通过具体研究案例分析,从4个方面综述了毒理基因组学在化学污染物高通量毒理学筛查与风险评估方法学研究上的技术优势和最新进展.在分子事件上,毒理组学测试覆盖的分子靶点数目多,且靶点之间的关系可由通路连接.在生物学通路方面,单一组学、多组学联合以及有害结局路径从多生物学水平上为化学污染物筛查与健康风险评估提供机制信息.在人群疾病方面,功能基因组学为探究有毒化学污染物暴露下个体疾病风险和易感性的机制提供了新的手段.最后,针对复合污染,将组学技术与化学分析结合有助于精准地识别环境介质中构成生态与健康风险的关键化学物质.综上,未来基于组学的污染物高通量毒理学筛查技术的发展可有力支持传统和新污染物的精准环境风险评估.

基于计算毒理的环境污染物-生物大分子的相互作用研究

计算机技术的革新以及结构生物学和深度学习的爆发式发展,促使计算毒理学迅速应用到环境新污染物领域,通过研究环境污染物与生物大分子间的相互作用解析致毒机制并筛查高风险毒物.本文系统综述了用于解析环境污染物-生物大分子互作过程常用的计算毒理方法,包括分子对接、分子动力学模拟和机器学习建模;阐明了近年来3类计算毒理方法在环境毒理学领域的主要用途,包括环境污染物-生物大分子相互作用的构效关系研究与虚拟筛查应用;讨论了3类计算毒理方法在配体-受体结合、可解释性、计算效率、计算深度、生物学过程5个方面的优势与局限;展望了计算毒理技术与新型技术(如人工智能)结合后的未来应用和进一步潜力.

Reuse of Fenton sludge as an iron source for NiFe_2O_4 synthesis and its application in the Fenton-based process

The potentially hazardous iron-containing sludge from the Fenton process requires proper treatment and disposal, which often results in high treatment cost. In this study, a novel method for the reuse of Fenton sludge as an iron source for the synthesis of nickel ferrite particles(NiFe_2O_4) is proposed. Through a co-precipitation method followed by sintering at 800°C, magnetic NiFe_2O_4 particles were successfully synthesized, which was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electronic microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy. The synthesized NiFe_2O_4 could be used as an efficient catalyst in the heterogeneous Fenton process. In phenol degradation with H_2O_2 or NiFe_2O_4 alone, the phenol removal efficiencies within the reaction time of 330 min were as low as 5.9% ± 0.1% and 13.5% ±0.4%, respectively. However, in the presence of both NiFe_2O_4 and H_2O_2, phenol removal efficiency as high as 95% ± 3.4% could be achieved, indicating the excellent catalytic performance of NiFe_2O_4 in the heterogeneous Fenton process. Notably, a rapid electron exchange between_Ni II and_Fe III ions in the NiFe_2O_4 structure could be beneficial for the Fenton reaction. In addition, the magnetic catalyst was relatively stable, highly active and recoverable, and has potential applications in the Fenton process for organic pollutant removal.

Probabilistic ecological risk assessment for three chlorophenols in surface waters of China

Individual and combined assessment of risks of adverse effects to aquatic ecosystems of three chlorophenols(CPs),including 2,4dichlorophenol(2,4-DCP),2,4,6-trichlorophenol(2,4,6-TCP) and pentachlorophenol(PCP),were conducted.A probabilistic approach based on the concentrations of CPs in surface waters of China was used to determine the likelihood of adverse effects.The potential risk of CPs in surface waters of China was determined to be of concern,especially PCP and mixtures of CPs.The risks of adverse effects were examined as the joint probabilities of exposure and response.The joint probability for PCP was 0.271 in the worst case and 0.111 in the median case,respectively.Based on the cumulative probability,5% of aquatic organisms included in the assessment would be affected 21.36% of the time in the worst case and 5.99% of the time in median case,respectively.For the mixtures of CPs,the joint probability were 0.171 in the worst case and 0.503 in median case,respectively and 5% of species would be affected 49.83% of the time for the worst case and 12.72% in the median case,respectively.Risks of effects of the individual CPs,2,4-DCP and 2,4,6-TCP were deemed to be acceptable with a overlapping probability of < 0.1 with 5% of species being affected less than 4% of the time.

Impact of inhaled corticosteroid use on elderly chronic pulmonary disease patients with community acquired pneumonia

To the Editor:With an aging global population,the incidences of community-acquired pneumonia(CAP)and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)have signi cantly increased.[1]Previous studies have con rmed that COPD and asthma are independently associated with the prevalence of CAP.The use of inhaled corticosteroid(ICS),the cornerstone of treatment for asthma,COPD with frequent acute exacerbations,and asthma-COPD overlap(ACO)may induce changes in the local lung microbiome and abnormal lung immunity,ultimately,causing a signi cantly increased risk of pneumonia.However,in cases of pneumonia,the effect of the use of ICS on CAP mortality remains controversial.While data from one study favored the prior use of ICS,which was associated with a signi cantly lower short-term mortality rate,[2]other studies have identi ed no impact on mortality.To date,data on the impact of the use of ICS on mortality,prehospitalization or during hospitalization,are scarce,particularly in the older population.Therefore,this multicenter,retrospective study explored the association between the use of ICS during hospitalization and short-term mortality in older patients with CAP and those with chronic pulmonary disease(CPD).