Design and implementation of the monochromator shielding for the cold neutron spectrometers XINGZHI and BOYA

An innovative monochromator shielding is designed and implemented for the cold neutron spectrometers XINGZHI and BOYA operated by Renmin University of China at China Advanced Research Reactor.Via Monte Carlo simulations and careful mechanical designs,a shielding configuration has been successfully developed to satisfy safety requirements of below 3μSv/h dose rate at its exterior,meanwhile fulfilling space,floor load and nonmagnetic requirements.Composite materials are utilized to form the sandwich-type shielding walls:the inner layer of boron carbide rubber,the middle layer of steel-encased lead and the outer layer of borated polyethylene.Special-shaped liftable shielding blocks are incorporated to facilitate a continuous adjustment of the neutron energy while preventing radiation leakage.Our work has demonstrated that by utilizing composite shielding materials,along with the sandwich structure and liftable shielding blocks,a compact and lightweight shielding solution can be achieved.This enables the realization of advanced neutron scattering instruments that provide expanded space of measurement,larger energy and momentum coverage,and higher flux on the sample.This shielding represents the first of its kind in neutron scattering instruments in China.Following its successful operation,it has been subsequently employed by other neutron instruments across the country.

Genome-Wide Exploration of the Grape GLR Gene Family and Differential Responses of VvGLR3.1 and VvGLR3.2 to Low Temperature and Salt Stress

Grapes,one of the oldest tree species globally,are rich in vitamins.However,environmental conditions such as low temperature and soil salinization significantly affect grape yield and quality.The glutamate receptor(GLR)family,comprising highly conserved ligand-gated ion channels,regulates plant growth and development in response to stress.In this study,11 members of the VvGLR gene family in grapes were identified using whole-genome sequence analysis.Bioinformatic methods were employed to analyze the basic physical and chemical properties,phylogenetic trees,conserved domains,motifs,expression patterns,and evolutionary relationships.Phylogenetic and collinear analyses revealed that the VvGLRs were divided into three subgroups,showing the high conservation of the grape GLR family.These members exhibited 2 glutamate receptor binding regions(GABAb and GluR)and 3-4 transmembrane regions(M1,M2,M3,and M4).Real-time quantitative PCR analysis demonstrated the sensitivity of all VvGLRs to low temperature and salt stress.Subsequent localization studies in Nicotiana tabacum verified that VvGLR3.1 and VvGLR3.2 proteins were located on the cell membrane and cell nucleus.Additionally,yeast transformation experiments confirmed the functionality of VvGLR3.1 and VvGLR3.2 in response to low temperature and salt stress.Thesefindings highlight the significant role of the GLR family,a highly conserved group of ion channels,in enhancing grape stress resistance.This study offers new insights into the grape GLR gene family,providing fundamental knowledge for further functional analysis and breeding of stress-resistant grapevines.

IMAGE-BUILDING AND FRAMING PROCESSES OF AN ANTI-MOTHER/-WOMAN IN CICERO’S PRO CLUENTIO

In this case study we explore Cicero’s processes of framing and image-building regarding the concept of an anti-mother/-woman.For this we examine Cicero’s portrayal of Sassia,a woman who features as one of the main antagonists of his speech Pro Cluentio.We analyse Cicero’s depiction of Sassia’s evilness towards her son,Cluentius,through the lens of frame and framing theories.By doing so,this case study aims to present a deeper understanding of Cicero’s stratagems(e.g.,priming,calling for action;nudging,pushing someone towards action;and affordance,offering a frame to act outside of or within)which were employed in order to devise a negative characterisation of Sassia.The application of this methodological approach to Cicero’s framing of Sassia provides a new scope for analysing not only the classical text itself but also for the analysis of ancient human society to which it belonged.

仪器分析实验助力拔尖人才培养的教学实践

基于成果导向教育OBE教学策略和问题式学习PBL教学法,设计了小规模限制性在线课程SPOC+虚拟仿真实验+QQ群+微信群+教学六步法的仪器分析实验混合式教学,形成了思政引领、科教融合、竞赛驱动的创新型教学模式,拓宽了学生学术视野,强化科学素养、创新思维、科研能力和热爱化学学科的情操,提高了课程的挑战度,使化学能够更好地服务于其他学科和专业,助力拔尖人才培养体系的构建与实践。

Genome Wide Characterization of CBL-CIPK Family Genes and Their Responsive Expression in Rosa chinensis

Calcium(Ca^(2+))plays a pivotal role in various signal transduction pathways.Calcineurin B-like proteins(CBLs)are a unique group of Ca^(2+)sensors that decode Ca^(2+)signals by activating the plant specific protein kinase known as the CBL-interacting protein kinase(CIPK).In plants,the CBL-CIPK signaling network regulates multiple signals in response to different extracellular cues including abiotic stress.However,the genome wide annotation and expression patterns of CBLs and CIPKs in woody cutting flower plants are still unclear.In this study,a total number of 7 CBLs(RcCBLs)and 17 CIPKs(RcCIPKs)genes,divided into four and five subfamilies,respectively,were identified from the rose genome.All RcCBLs possess a classic elongation factor-hand(EF-hand)domain,while all RcCIPKs possess both the classic kinase and NAF domains.Most RcCBLs were predicted to be plasma membrane localized,whereas most RcCIPKs were predicted to be cytoplasmic localized.Synteny analysis showed that one RcCBL gene pair and five RcCIPK gene pairs have gone through whole genome duplication events.Promoter cis-element prediction assays indicated that RcCBLs and RcCIPKs could function in different abiotic stress responses in rose plants.Further quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that RcCBLs and RcCIPKs were expressed in different organs with overlapped but distinct patterns in response to various abiotic stresses.The findings in this work will provide fundamental information and gene resources for further functional research on RcCBLs and RcCIPKs.

The Edible and Medicinal Value of <i>Coix lacryma-jobi</i>and Key Cultivation Techniques for High and Stable Yield

In this paper, it was introduced that Coix lacryma-jobi is a traditional dual-use edible and medicine crops in China, and the nutritional components and medicinal value of Coix lacryma-jobi were described. Based on the published literature at home and abroad, a variety of chemical components found in Coix lacryma jobi and their medicinal effects were reviewed. At the same time, the problems existing in the production of Coix lacryma jobi were put forward. With the improvement of people’s living standards, the nutritional and health care value of Coix lacryma-jobi has been paid more and more attention. The problems of Coix lacryma-jobi in production were analyzed. Some biological characteristics of Coix lacryma-jobi, especially its hygrophyte characteristics, were re-recognized, which is very important to increase the yield of Coix lacryma jobi. In the paper, the key cultivation techniques for high and stable yield of Coix lacryma-jobi were also summarized. In order to obtain high quality, high and stable yield, we should adopt the new technical methods of “two wet, two dry and two water” in water management. At the same time, if artificial pollination is applied in the peak of flowering period, the seed setting rate and the yield will be increased.

Compressed Sensing Based on the Single Layer Wavelet Transform for Image Fusion

In this paper, a new method of combination single layer wavelet transform and compressive sensing is proposed for image fusion. In which only measured the high-pass wavelet coefficients of the image but preserved the low-pass wavelet coefficient. Then, fuse the low-pass wavelet coefficients and the measurements of high-pass wavelet coefficient with different schemes. For the reconstruction, by using the minimization of total variation algorithm (TV), high-pass wavelet coefficients could be recovered by the fused measurements. Finally, the fused image could be reconstructed by the inverse wavelet transform. The experiments show the proposed method provides promising fusion performance with a low computational complexity.

长幼有序、董事权力的合法性与董事会治理效率——基于现金持有视角的经验证据

本文从现金持有视角考察了长幼有序文化对董事会治理的影响。我们发现,比公司最高管理者年长的董事比例增加降低了公司现金持有水平和超额现金持有水平,这种影响在儒家文化影响力较大的地区、董事会稳定性较强、董事会规模较大、国有控股、董事长与CEO两职分离的公司中更加明显;进一步研究还发现,年龄比公司最高管理者大的董事比例增加可以提高现金持有和超额现金持有的价值,且其作用在儒家文化影响力较大的地区、董事会稳定性较强、董事会规模较大、国有控股、董事长与CEO两职分离的公司中更加明显;相比独立董事,非独立董事比公司最高管理者年长能够更明显地降低公司现金持有水平和超额现金持有水平,提高现金持有和超额现金持有的价值。本文的证据表明,董事与公司管理者间的年龄关系通过影响他们间的权威结构,能够影响董事会治理效率。

幼儿园食育师资的培养

食育是一种以食物为载体的综合性教育,通过培养幼儿的饮食观念、饮食行为和饮食思维,可以促进幼儿发展和传统文化传承。幼儿园实施食育,需要培养相应的合格师资,其教师需要系统掌握中西医基本理论及营养配餐、食品安全、农作物辨识等方面的知识以及创设食育环境、开发食育课程和开展具体食育活动的教育能力。

BRAF非V600E突变型肺癌靶向治疗的策略探索

背景与目的达拉非尼+曲美替尼/达拉非尼靶向治疗已被批准用于V-RAF小鼠肉瘤病毒癌基因同源B1(V-RAF murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1, BRAF)发生第600位密码子上缬氨酸的氨基酸替代(amino acid substitution for valine at position 600, V600E)的肺癌患者,针对携带BF非V600E突变的肺癌患者的靶向治疗策略尚未确定。本研究拟探讨BF非V600E突变型肺癌靶向治疗的疗效,为临床治疗提供参考。方法计算机检索Pub Med、Cochrane Library、Embase、Web of Science、Clinicaltrials.gov、CBM、CNKI、万方数据库。收集BRAF非V600E突变型肺癌靶向治疗相关文献,对纳入文献进行描述性分析。结果符合纳入标准的文献10篇,包括3篇队列研究和7篇个案报道。18例BRAF非V600E突变型肺癌患者对维莫非尼无效;1例应用维莫拉非尼后获得部分缓解(partial response,PR),5例患者对BF抑制剂无反应;9例患者在曲美替尼单药治疗后潜在临床获益率为34%;7例患者对达拉非尼联合曲美替尼在无进展生存期(progression-free survival, PFS)上均有不同程度的获益;1例患者对索拉非尼有效。结论目前BF非V600E突变靶向治疗仍无标准治疗规范,挑战在于BF基因的异质性突变,不同的突变类型对靶向治疗的反应不同,真实世界研究证据匮乏,有必要开展进一步的大样本高质量研究为临床治疗方案的选择提供参考。

Characterization and Expression of Ammonium Transporter in Peach (Prunus persica) and Regulation Analysis in Response to External Ammonium Supply

As the preferred nitrogen(N)source,ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))contributes to plant growth and development and fruit quality.In plants,NH 4+uptake is facilitated by a family of NH_(4)^(+) transporters(AMT).However,the molecular mechanisms and functional characteristics of the AMT genes in peach have not been mentioned yet.In this present study,excess NH_(4)^(+) stress severely hindered shoot growth and root elongation,accompanied with reduced mineral accumulation,decreased leaf chlorophyll concentration,and stunned photosynthetic performance.In addition,we identified 14 putative AMT genes in peach(PpeAMT).Expression analysis showed that PpeAMT genes were differently expressed in peach leaves,stems and roots,and were distinctly regulated by external NH_(4)^(+) supplies.Putative cis-elements involved in abiotic stress adaption,Ca^(2+) response,light and circadian rhythms regulation,and seed development were observed in the promoters of the PpeAMT family genes.Phosphorylation analysis of residues within the C-terminal of PpeAMT proteins revealed many conserved phosphorylation residues in both the AMT1 and AMT2 subfamily members,which could potentially play roles in controlling the NH 4+transport activities.This study provides gene resources to study the biological function of AMT proteins in peach,and reveals molecular basis for NH_(4)^(+) uptake and N nutrition mechanisms of fruit trees.

Amorphous magnetic semiconductors with Curie temperatures above room temperature

Recently, amorphous magnetic semiconductors as a new family of magnetic semiconductors have been developed by oxidizing ferromagnetic amorphous metals/alloys. Intriguingly, tuning the relative atomic ratios of Co and Fe in a Co-Fe-Ta-B-O system leads to the formation of an intrinsic magnetic semiconductor. Starting from high Curie-temperature amorphous ferromagnets, these amorphous magnetic semiconductors show Curie temperatures well above room temperature. Among them, one typical example is a p-type Co28.6Fe12.4Ta4.3B8.7O46 magnetic semiconductor, which has an optical bandgap of ~2.4 eV, roomtemperature saturation magnetization of ~433 emu/cm3, and the Curie temperature above 600 K. The amorphous Co28.6Fe12.4Ta4.3B8.7O46 magnetic semiconductor can be integrated with n-type Si to form p-n heterojunctions with a threshold voltage of ~1.6 V, validating its p-type semiconducting character. Furthermore, the demonstration of electric field control of its room-temperature ferromagnetism reflects the interplay between the electricity and ferromagnetism in this material. It is suggested that the carrier density, ferromagnetism and conduction type of an intrinsic magnetic semiconductor are controllable by means of an electric field effect. These findings may pave a new way to realize magnetic semiconductor-based spintronic devices that work at room temperature.

Neuroprotective effect of high-dose hyperbaric oxygenation on rats with acute cerebral infarction in super-early stage:Curative comparison between 9-hour and 18-hour therapeutic protocols

BACKGROUND： Previously, only single short-time low-dose hyperbaric oxygenation （HBO） protocol was administrated to treat acute ischemic stroke in early stage and the conflicting results were obtained. There are few studies to report the outcome of administering long-time （can cover all the natural pathologic progression period） high-dose HBO to treat the disease. OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the therapeutic effect between two kinds of high-dose hyperbaric oxygenation on super-early stage of acute permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） in rats. DESIGN： A randomized controlled experimental study. SETTING： Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Research Institute of Neurosurgery. MATERIALS： Seventy-four male SD rats, aged 2.5 months old, weighing （ 280 ＋ 20） g, were provided by the Animal Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Hyperbaric oxygenation device was hyperbaric air cabin in which there was a self-made pure oxygen animal experimental cabin （made in China）. METHODS： This experiment was carried out in the municipal laboratory of Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University and Beijing Research Institute of Neurosurgery. ① Experimental intervention： All the rats were developed into models of permanent MCAO by suture embolism. Then, they were randomly divided into two HBO groups （9 hours and 18 hours） and control group, with 24 rats in each as well as 3-hour ultrastructure control group, with 2 rats. After being modeled for 3 hours, rats in the two HBO groups stayed in the hyperbaric cabin for 9 hours and 18 hours, separately. Rats in the 9-hour HBO group inhaled pure oxygen at hours 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9, and hyperbaric air at hours 2, 4, 6 and 8. Rats in the 18-hour HBO group inhaled pure oxygen at hours l, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17, and hyperbaric air at hours 2, 4, 6, 8, l0 12, 14, 16 and 18. After being created into models, rats in the control group and 3-hour ultrastructure control group breathed room air. ② Experimental evaluation： Neurologic functions of rat models in the 9-hour and 18-hour HBO groups as well as control group were scored by Bederson and Garica two neurological grading systems at hours 14 and 28 and on day 5; Infarct volume of rat models in the two HBO groups and control group was measured at hour 24 and on day 5 with NIH image processing software Image J; The pathological changes of brain tissue in the brain infarct region and its opposite region of rat models in the two HBO groups and 3-hour ultrastructure control group were observed with a Philips EM 208S transmission electron microscope. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： ① Neurobehavioral outcome. ② Rat brain infarct volume. ③ Ultrastructure of brain tissue in the ischemic penumbra of infarct models at the different time points RESULTS： ① Neurobehavioral outcome： After treatment, Garica score in the 9-hour and 18-hour HBO groups was significantly higher than that in the control group （P 〈 0.01）. Bederson score on day 5 after modeling in the 9-hour and 18-hour HBO groups was significantly lower than that in the control group （P 〈 0.01）. ② Cerebral infarct volume： Cerebral infarct volume in the 9-hour and 18-hour HBO groups was significantly smaller than that in the control group at hour 24 and on day 5 after modeling （P 〈 0.01）. In the 18-hour HBO group, infarct volume on day 5 after modeling was significantly larger than that at hour 24 after modeling （P 〈 0.05）. ③In the 3-hour ultrastructure control group, astrocyte edema and neuron damage around the capillary in the infarct cerebral tissue significantly relieved in the rats which were subjected to HBO. CONCLUSION： High dose of HBO is highly efficient in reducing infarct volume and improving neurobehavioral outcome of rats with acute cerebral infarction, and also has an important role in inhibiting the pathological progression of ischemic brain tissue after cerebral infarction.

文化资本与企业创新——基于科举传统视角

文化资本既是推动一国社会与经济发展的根本动力,也是寻找民族文化自信的关键所在。考察文化资本对企业创新的作用机理及其对各种类型企业的差异化影响,有助于解决中国经济与社会可持续发展的深层次问题。本文将以进士密度衡量的科举传统作为文化资本的替代变量,运用2003~2017年A股上市公司的数据,考察了文化资本和企业创新之间的内在关系。结果表明,文化资本确实可以促进当代中国企业的创新;进一步,这一结论在民营企业和高新技术行业中得到强化。最后,通过以董事长和总经理籍贯地进士密度衡量文化资本、排除人口流动的影响、以太平天国运动影响时长作为文化资本的工具变量、细化文化资本衡量方式等,对文化资本与企业创新之间的关系进行稳健性检验,发现本文结论仍然成立。本文结论不仅有助于我们正确地评价科举传统,挖掘传统文化资本的当代价值,而且有助于凝聚和提升民族文化自信,对推动中国经济与社会的可持续发展具有重要价值。

芦荟胶抗炎功效研究

初步探讨芦荟胶的抗炎功效和作用机制。使用佛波酯(TPA)在雄性KM小鼠耳朵部位进行炎症造模,并制成切片进行HE染色;应用硫酸铜诱导斑马鱼胚胎侧线区域神经丘细胞损伤,研究了中性粒细胞聚集情况;采用LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞炎症模型考察芦荟胶对炎症因子分泌的抑制作用;分别使用微量肉汤稀释法和悬液定量法研究了芦荟胶对金黄色葡萄球菌、痤疮丙酸杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和抑菌率。结果显示,芦荟胶在1.5 g/mL时可抑制小鼠耳朵肿胀(P<0.05);芦荟胶在0.7和2.50 mg/mL时对斑马鱼胚胎中性粒细胞聚集有显著抑制(P<0.01);芦荟胶在0.75,1.50,3.00 mg/mL时可显著抑制RAW264.7细胞分泌TNF-α、IL-6(P<0.01);芦荟胶对金黄色葡萄球菌和痤疮丙酸杆菌的MIC分别是12.5和3.125 mg/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌、痤疮丙酸杆菌的抑菌率随着芦荟胶的作用时间延长和浓度增加而升高。芦荟胶具有抗炎功效,且该功能可能通过减少中性粒细胞聚集、抑制炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6产生的抗炎通路,以及抑制金黄色葡萄球菌和痤疮丙酸杆菌的抑菌功能共同实现。

Overexpression of IbSINA5 Increases Cold Tolerance through a CBF SINA-COR Mediated Module in Sweet Potato

Seven in absentia(SINA)family proteins play a central role in plant growth,development and resistance to abiotic stress.However,their biological function in plant response to cold stress is still largely unknown.In this work,a seven in absentia gene IbSINA5 was isolated from sweet potato.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)analyses demonstrated that IbSINA5 was ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and organs of sweet potato,with a predominant expression in fibrous roots,and was remarkably induced by cold,drought and salt stresses.Subcellular localization assays revealed that IbSINA5-GFP fusion protein was mainly localized in cytoplasm and nucleus.Overexpression of IbSINA5 in sweet potato led to dramatically improved resistance to cold stress in transgenic plants,which was associated with the up-regulated expression of IbCOR(cold-regulated)genes,increased proline production,and decreased malondialdehyde(MDA)and H2O2 accumulation in the leaves of transgenic plants.Furthermore,transient expression of IbCBF3,a C-repeat binding factor(CBF)gene,in the leaf protoplasts of wild type sweet potato plants up-regulated the expression of both IbSINA5 and IbCOR genes.Our results suggest that IbSINA5 could function as a positive regulator in the cold signaling pathway through a CBF-SINA-COR mediated module in sweet potato,and have a great potential to be used as a candidate gene for the future breeding of new plant species with improved cold resistance.

Effects of Exogenous Manganese (Mn) on Mineral Elements, Polyamines and Antioxidants in Apple Rootstock Malus robusta Rehd.

Manganese(Mn)is one of the essential microelements in all organisms.However,high level of Mn is deleterious to plants.In this study,the effects of exogenous manganese application on mineral element,polyamine(PA)and antioxidant accumulation,as well as polyamine metabolic and antioxidant enzyme activities,were investigated in Malus robusta Rehd.,a widely grown apple rootstock.High level of Mn treatments decreased endogenous Mg,Na,K and Ca contents,but increased Zn content,in a Mn-concentration-dependent manner.Polyamine metabolic assays revealed that,except the content of perchloric acid insoluble bound(PIS-bound)spermine,which increased significantly,the contents of putrescine(Put),spermidine(Spd)and spermine(Spm)all decreased progressively,accompanied with the decreased activities of arginine decarboxylase(ADC,EC 4.1.1.19)and ornithine decarboxylase(ODC,EC 4.1.1.17),and the increased activities of diamine oxidase(DAO,EC 1.4.3.6)and polyamine oxidase(PAO,EC 1.5.3.3).Further antioxidant capacity analyses demonstrated that contents of anthocyanin,non-protein thiols(NPT)and soluble sugar,and the activities of guaiacol peroxidase(POD,EC 1.11.1.7),catalase(CAT,EC 1.11.1.6)and superoxide dismutase(SOD,EC 1.15.1.1),also increased upon different concentrations of Mn treatments.Our results suggest that endogenous ion homeostasis is affected by high level of Mn application,and polyamine and antioxidant metabolism is involved in the responses of M.robusta Rehd.plants to high level of Mn stress.

STPSO: Optimal Configuration for Cloud Environments

With the increasing number of resources provided by cloud environments, identifying which types of resources should be rent when deploying an application is often a difficult and error-prone process. Currently, most cloud environments offer a wide range of configurable resources, which can be combined in many different ways. Finding an appropriate configuration under cost constraints while meeting requirements is still a challenge. In this paper, software product line engineering is introduced to describe cloud environments, and configurable resources are abstracted as features with attributes. Then, a Self-Tuning Particle Swarm Optimization approach(called STPSO) is proposed to configure the cloud environment. STPSO can automatically adjust the arbitrary configuration to a valid configuration. To evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, we conduct a series of comprehensive experiments. The empirical experiment shows that our approach reduces time and provides a reliable way to find a correct and suitable cloud configuration when dealing with a significant number of resources.

Empirical Study on Growth of Evil Forces in Land Requisition and Relocation in City G of Hubei Province Based on Social Network Analysis

Using social network analysis method,this paper made an empirical study on growth of evil forces in land requisition and relocation in City G of Hubei Province. It obtained following results:(i) lawless developers and inefficient public security organs form interested parties of evil forces. Besides,the inward closeness centrality of evil forces is high,manifesting that evil forces independently possess decentralized power of network and have unscrupulous behavior in land requisition and relocation to a certain extent.(ii) Activities of evil forces have complicated spatial correlation and their geographical distribution is uneven,taking on irregular characteristics. In the field of land requisition and relocation,some evil forces are expandi Xng and spreading,while other forces are relatively weak. In conclusion,growth of evil forces comes from premeditation and collaboration of lawless developers,lack of functions and weak attack of public security organs; growth of evil forces has periodic changes,when in power,they will take opportunity to expand,while losing power,they will hide or even disappear.

Research on Bribery Characterization of Property Developers in Land Market: Based on Quantitative Analysis

Taking Wuhan,Nanjing and Guangzhou as examples and using Logistic model and Moran index,this paper made a quantitative analysis on bribery characterization of developers in land market. It found that( i) bribery behavior of developers is promoted by supply and demands;( ii) bribery behavior of developers takes on regional agglomeration and difference. It reached following conclusions:( i) under the influence of macro factors and micro factors,bribery behavior of developers is rational selection after full consideration of institutional environment and corporate strength,and is passive to a certain extent;( ii) bribery behavior of developers has certain spatial correlation,and the high-high correlation characteristic is most significant.