Effects of Early Infection of Tobacco Mosaic Virus on Photosynthetic Proteins and Its Control

[Objectives] This study was conducted to explore the optimal period of TMV control and the physiological sites that interfere with TMV infection. [Methods] Proteome analysis was performed on the host tissues(tobacco plants) at different time periods of viral infection, to verify the changes in the expression of differential protein genes and N and PR1-a in the photosynthetic pathway and porphyrin metabolism and chlorophyll metabolism pathways in proteome; and the tobacco plants were treated with different preparations. [Results] The expression levels of N and PR1-a in the tobacco leaves treated with preparation B reached the highest level, and the effects on the expression levels of the differential protein genes were also the most significant. The control effects of the preparations were tested by the half-leaf method, and the results showed that preparation B had a significant control effect against the early infection of the virus.[Conclusions] This study lays a foundation for the prevention and control of tobacco mosaic virus on crops.

Defoliation in Flue-cured Tobacco and Its Reasons

The flue-cured tobacco G80 is not only one of the characteristic varieties in Changsha, but also indispensable raw materials for the series of Baisha ciga- rette. Defoliation during the late stage of growth seriously reduces the yield and quality of tobacco, and limits the popularization and application of G80. In this pa- per, in order to investigate the reasons for the defoliation of G80, the transverse section structure, cellulose content and differential proteins of leaf major veins were analyzed. The results revealed that the autolysis and collapse of parenchyma cells is the main cause of defoliation, and fimgal infection is a factor inducing the au- tolysis of parenchyma cells. Application of bud suppression agent is one of the main ways to prevent fungal infection. The low cellulose content, low synthetic ability of xylan and pectin, the low removal ability of abnormal protein and low immune responsiveness are the inner reason for defoliation of flue-cured tobacco G80.

All-fiber generation of arbitrary cylindrical vector beams on the first-order Poincare sphere

We propose a linear mapping relationship between the polarization of the fundamental mode and the cylindrical vector(CV)modes on the first-order Poincaresphere(FOPS)in fiber.The new method is based on the fourdimensional complex Jones matrices in terms of the linearly polarized mode bases.With our theoretical model,an all-fiber approach to generate arbitrary CV beams on the FOPS is proposed theoretically and verified experimentally.In the experiment,through the combination of a mode converter and a two-segment cascaded few-mode fiber with fixed stresses,it is possible to generate all CV modes on the FOPS by only adjusting the polarization of the fundamental mode.The Stokes parameters of the output light are measured to verify our scheme,which shows good agreement with the theoretical prediction.The method may provide a convenient way to generate CV beams and evolve the polarization states in any path on the FOPS,which is expected to have potential applications in encoding information and quantum computation.