Multifunctional all-polymer photovoltaic blend with simultaneously improved efficiency(18.04%),stability and mechanical durability

One of the most appealing material systems for solar energy conversion is allpolymer blend.Presently,the three key merits(power conversion efficiency,operation stability and mechanical robustness)exhibited a trade-off in a particular all-polymer blend system,which greatly limit its commercial application.Diverting the classic ternary tactic of organic solar cells based on polymer,nonfullerene small molecule and fullerene,herein we demonstrate that the three merits of a benchmark all-polymer blend PM6:PY-IT can be simultaneously maximized via the introduction of a polymerized fullerene derivative PPCBMB.Importantly,the addition of the guest component promoted the power conversion efficiency of PM6:PY-IT blend from 16.59%to 18.04%.Meanwhile,the device stability and film ductility are also improved due to the addition of this polymerized fullerene material.Morphology and device physics analyses reveal that optimal ternary system contains well-maintained molecular packing and crystallinity,being beneficial to keeping favorable charge transport and the reduced domain size contributed to charge generation and ductility improvement.Furthermore,the ternary photovoltaic blend was successfully used as photocatalysts,and an excellent heavy metal removal from water was demonstrated.This study showcases the multi-functions of all-polymer blends via the use of polymerized fullerenes.

An organic visible-photocatalytic-adsorbence mechanism to high-efficient removal of heavy metal antimony ions

Purification of emerging heavy metal antimony contaminated water based on advanced ingenious strategies.An activated modified coconut shell charcoal(CSC)was synthesized and evaluated as a substrate-supported loaded organic photovoltaic material,PM6:PYIT:PM6-b-PYIT,to prepare a surprisingly highly efficient,stable,environmentally friendly,and recyclable organic photocatalyst(CSC–N–P.P.P),which showed excellent effects on the simultaneous removal of Sb(Ⅲ)and Sb(Ⅴ).The removal efficiency of CSC-N-P.P.P on Sb(Ⅲ)and Sb(Ⅴ)reached an amazing 99.9%in quite a short duration of 15 min.At the same time,under ppb level and indoor visible light(~1 W m^(2)),it can be treated to meet the drinking water standards set by the European Union and the U.S.National Environmental Protection Agency in 5 min,and even after 25 cycles of recycling,the efficiency is still maintained at about 80%,in addition to the removal of As(Ⅲ),Cd(Ⅱ),Cr(Ⅵ),and Pb(Ⅱ)can also be realized.The catalyst not only solves the problems of low reuse rate,difficult structure adjustment and high energy consumption of traditional photocatalysts but also has strong applicability and practical significance.The pioneering approach provides a much-needed solution strategy for removing highly toxic heavy metal antimony pollution from the environment.

Biofilm response and removal via the coupling of visible-light-driven photocatalysis and biodegradation in an environment of sulfamethoxazole and Cr(Ⅵ)

The widespread contamination of water systems with antibiotics and heavy metals has gained much attention.Intimately coupled visible-light-responsive photocatalysis and biodegradation(ICPB)provides a novel approach for removing such mixed pollutants.In ICPB,the photocatalysis products are biodegraded by a protected biofilm,leading to the mineralization of refractory organics.In the present study,the ICPB approach exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity and biodegradation,providing up to~1.27 times the degradation rate of sulfamethoxazole(SMX)and 1.16 times the Cr(Ⅵ)reduction rate of visiblelight-induced photocatalysis.Three-dimensional fluorescence analysis demonstrated the synergistic ICPB effects of photocatalysis and biodegradation for removing SMX and reducing Cr(Ⅵ).In addition,the toxicity of the SMX intermediates and Cr(Ⅵ)in the ICPB process significantly decreased.The use of MoS_(2)/CoS_(2)photocatalyst accelerated the separation of electrons and holes,with·O_(2)^(–)and h+attacking SMX and ereducing Cr(Ⅵ),providing an effective means for enhancing the removal and mineralization of these mixed pollutants via the ICPB technique.The microbial community results demonstrate that bacteria that are conducive to pollutant removal are were enriched by the acclimation and ICPB operation processes,thus significantly improving the performance of the ICPB system.

Application of Optimization Technology for Ratio of Air to Fuel Combining Feedforward with Feedback in Heating Furnace

The thermal characteristics of heating furnace using gas as fuel are discussed in detail in this paper. Combining the technique of fuzzy control with calorific value of feedforward and oxygen concentration of waste gas feedback, the optimization model for ratio of air to fuel is developed and utilized in practice. According to the practical operation, the model can effectively control the oxygen concentration of waste gas, enhance the quality of product and decrease the fuel consumption.

Preparation and application of novel chitosan-cellulose composite materials to adsorb Pb(Ⅱ)and Cr(Ⅵ)ions from water

This paper reported the preparation and application of novel chitosan-cellulose composite absorbents for the adsorption of Pb(II)and Cr(VI)ions in water.First,oxycellulose or dialdehyde cellulose(DAC)was prepared by sodium periodate oxidation of microcrystalline cellulose(MCC).Second,based on the mechanism of the Mannich reaction,a chitosan/cellulose-based adsorbent(TSFCD)was produced through a cross-linking reaction of thiosemicarbazide(TS)with DAC and chitosan(CS),which was designed specifically for the adsorption of Cr^(6+)ions from water.Similarly,another chitosan/cellulose-based adsorbent(DBFCM)was also prepared with 2,5-dithiobiurea(DB)as the cross-linking agent for the adsorption of Pb^(2+)ions in water.The adsorption performance of TSFCD and DBFCM for Cr^(6+)and Pb^(2+)ions,respectively,was investigated under various process conditions.Variables included adsorption temperature,time,initial metal ion concentration,pH,and adsorbent dosage.The adsorption kinetics of TSFCD and DBFCM were studied,and isothermal models were developed.Results showed that the adsorption amount increased with the increase of the reaction time,and reached a maximum at about 300 min for the TSFCD/Cr^(6+)system,and at about 240 min for DBFCM/Pb^(2+)system.The adsorption performance of TSFCD for Cr^(6+)and DBFCM for Pb^(2+)improved at higher temperature,and leveled off at 40℃ and 50℃,respectively.In addition,the removal rate of Cr^(6+)increased from 49.96%to 70.22%when the TSFCD dosage increased from 0.5 g/L to 3.5 g/L.Similarly,the removal rate of Pb^(2+)increased from 22.23%to 99.45%with the increase of DBFCM dosage from 0.5g/L to 5.0g/L.The adsorption processes of Pb^(2+)and Cr^(6+)were in line with the pseudo-second-order kinetic and the Langmuir isothermal model.