术后淋巴结阴性肺浸润性黏液腺癌患者的预后预测模型

背景与目的肺浸润性黏液腺癌(invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung,IMA)是肺腺癌中一种少见且特殊的类型,该类肿瘤的特点往往是少有淋巴结转移,因此对于该类肿瘤的预后评估依靠现有的肿瘤原发灶-淋巴结-转移(tumor-node-metastasis,TNM)分期存在困难。本研究的目的是构建列线图来预测术后淋巴结阴性的IMA患者的预后。方法根据纳入标准和排除标准,回顾性分析2012年7月至2017年5月宁波大学附属李惠利医院(训练队列,n=78)和宁波市第二医院(验证队列,n=66)胸外科收治的术后病理为淋巴结阴性的IMA患者的资料,分析训练队列的临床病理特征的预后价值并建立预后预测模型,并对模型性能进行评价,最后将验证队列的数据代入进行外部验证。结果单因素分析显示肺炎型、较大的肿块、包含黏液和非黏液成分的混合型、较高的总分期是5年无进展生存期(progression-free survival,PFS)及总生存期(overall survival,OS)的影响因素。多因素分析进一步表明,影像学分型、肿块大小、黏液成分是5年PFS及OS的独立预后因素。5年PFS率和OS率分别为62.82%和75.64%,亚组的生存分析显示,肺炎型和包含黏液和非黏液成分的混合型IMA患者的5年PFS及OS分别明显低于孤立型和纯黏液型IMA患者。5年PFS和OS的Harrell’s C指数分别为0.815(95%CI:0.741-0.889)和0.767(95%CI:0.669-0.865),这两个模型的校准曲线及决策曲线分析(decision curve analysis,DCA)在两个队列中显示出良好的预测性能。结论本次基于临床病理特征构建的列线图在一定程度上可以作为IMA切除术后淋巴结阴性患者的一种有效预后预测工具。

Challenges of agriculture and food systems issues in China and the United States

China and the United States are the two most significant nations in the contemporary global food and agricultural network.In addition,they are two of the most important innovators with respect to the development of new crop varieties,agro-technologies,farm products,markets and consumer issues,such as consumer resistance to genetically modified foods,among others.In the face of an ever-complex web of interactions,technologies and products among producers and consumers in both nations,there are far more structural similarities than differences in the food and agriculture sectors of these two nations.This essay,adopting some of the themes of the Sino-American Symposium on Future Issues Affecting Quality of Life,presents a limited but representative comparative assessment of three of the most important shared challenges impacting the agricultural sectors of China and the United States for the period from 2000 to the present including 1)environmental challenges related to agricultural water supply,2)declines in farm labor and rural population,and 3)growing food-related concerns and challenges.For both nations,excessive and unsustainable groundwater consumption has lowered water tables and limited crop production.Rural populations and farm workforces in both nations are also declining,leading to labor challenges in both nations.Finally,concerns regarding food safety are also very similar with major challenges to the farm sector associated with consumer resistance to genetically modified food crops and sanitation issues linked to lengthening supply chains.All of these issues threaten the development of sustainable agricultural production systems.

Extraction Optimization of Polysaccharides from Rhizoma Polygonati by Response Surface Methodology and Content Determination

[Objectives]This study aimed to investigate the water extraction-alcohol precipitation technology and content determination method of polysaccharides in Rhizoma Polygonati.[Methods]Taking the content of polysaccharides in the extract as the indicator,the extraction process was optimized using single-factor tests and Box-Behnken Design.The content of polysaccharides extracted was determined by the anthrone-sulfuric acid method.Among the three factors in the test design,the solid/liquid ratio and extraction time had a significant effect(P<0.05,P<0.01),while the extraction temperature had no effect on the content of polysaccharides extracted(P>0.05).[Results]The optimal extraction process for polysaccharides in Rhizoma Polygonati was as follows:liquid/solid ratio 20∶1(mL/g),extraction time 2 h,and extraction temperature 85℃.Under the optimal extraction process,the content of polysaccharides in the extract reached 12.50%.[Conclusions]The extraction process optimized by response surface methodology for polysaccharides in Rhizoma Polygonati is reliable and has practical value,and can be used to guide production practices.

Ⅲ–Ⅴ compound materials and lasers on silicon

Silicon-based photonic integration has attracted the interest of semiconductor scientists because it has high luminous efficiency and electron mobility.Breakthroughs have been made in silicon-based integrated lasers over the past few decades.Here we review three main methods of integration ofⅢ–Ⅴ materials on Si,namely direct growth,bonding,and selectivearea hetero-epitaxy.TheⅢ–Ⅴmaterials we introduced mainly include materials such as GaAs and InP.The lasers are mainly lasers of related communication bands.We also introduced the advantages and challenges of the three methods.

Low fabrication cost wavelength tunable WG-FP hybrid-cavity laser working over 1.7μm

A wide wavelength tuning range and single-mode hybrid cavity laser consists of a square Whispering-Gallery(WG)microcavity and a Fabry–Pérot(FP)was introduced and demonstrated.A wavelength tuning range over 12.5 nm from 1760.87 to 1773.39 nm which was single-mode emitting was obtained with the side-mode suppression ratio over 30 dB.The hybrid cavity laser does not need grating etching and special epitaxial structure,which reduces the fabrication difficulty and cost,and shows the potential for gas sensing with absorption lines in this range.

Using NH_(2)-MIL-125(Ti)for efficient removal of Cr(Ⅵ)and Rh B from aqueous solutions:Competitive and cooperative behavior in the binary system

The coexistence of inorganic and organic contaminants is a challenge for real-life water treatment applications.Therefore,in this research,we used NH_2-MIL-125(Ti)to evaluate the single adsorption of hexavalent chromium(Cr(Ⅵ))or Rhodamine B(RhB)in an aqueous solution and further investigate simultaneous adsorption experiments to compare the adsorption behavior changes.The main influencing factors,for example,reaction time,initial concentration,reaction temperature,and pH were studied in detail.In all reaction systems,the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models were well illuminated the adsorption progress of Cr(Ⅵ)and RhB.Thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic.As compared to the single system,the adsorption capacity of Cr(Ⅵ)in the binary system gradually decreased as the additive amount of RhB increased,whereas the adsorption capacity of RhB in the binary system was expanded brilliantly.When the binary reaction system contained 100 mg/L Cr(Ⅵ),the removal rate of RhB increased to 97.58%.The formation of Cr(Ⅵ)-RhB and Cr(Ⅲ)-RhB complexes was the cause that provided facilitation for the adsorption of RhB.These findings prove that the interactions during the water treatment process between contaminants may obtain additional benefits,contributing to a better adsorption capacity of co-existing contaminant.

TBBPA rather than its main derivatives enhanced growth of endometrial cancer via p53 ubiquitination

Tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA)and its derivatives widely exist in various environments and biota.Although the available data indicate that TBBPA exposure is highly associated with the increased incidence of endometrial cancer(EC),the effects of TBBPA and its main derivatives on EC proliferation and the involved crucial mechanism remain unclear.The present study aimed to investigate the effects of TBBPA and its derivatives under environmental concentrations on the proliferation of EC,and the crucial mechanism on the progression of EC caused by bromine fame retardants exposure.In this research,TBBPA and two of the most common TBBPA derivatives including TBBPA bis(2-hydroxyethyl ether)(TBBPABHEE)and TBBPA bis(dibromopropyl ether)(TBBPA-BDBPE)were screened for their capacities in induced EC proliferation and explored the related mechanism by in vitro cell culture model and in vivo mice model.Under environmental concentrations,TBBPA promoted the proliferation of EC,the main derivatives of TBBPA(TBBPA-BHEE and TBBPA-BDBPE)did not present the similar facilitation effects.The ubiquitination degradation of p53 was crucial in TBBPA induced EC proliferation,which resulted in the increase of downstream cell cycle and decrease of apoptosis.The further molecular docking result suggested the high affinity between TBBPA and ubiquitinated proteasome.This finding revealed the effects of TBBPA and its derivatives on EC proliferation,thus providing novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of TBBPA-caused EC.

17q12微缺失导致的青少年起病的成人型糖尿病5型合并先天性无子宫无阴道综合征1例

青少年起病的成人型糖尿病5型(MODY 5)可合并有生殖道发育异常,而先天性无子宫无阴道综合征(MRKH)为其最严重的情况。目前,国内有报道MODY5合并有双角子宫等生殖道畸形者,尚未有报道MODY5合并有MRKH者。该文报道了1例MODY5合并MRKH患者,经过全外显子基因测序,明确为染色体17q12片段微缺失导致。该染色体变异导致了国内第1例此种表型,且为我国首例因染色体微缺失所导致的MRKH。该患者最初以早发糖尿病就诊,后发现其同时有生殖道、肾脏发育异常、面部结构发育缺陷、肝功能异常、低镁血症、亚临床甲状腺功能减退症等。MODY5一般存在胰岛素分泌缺陷,予以甘精胰岛素联合门冬胰岛素每日多次皮下注射及伏格列波糖口服控制血糖、延缓糖尿病并发症发展,MRKH主要治疗方案为采用阴道重建术解决性生活困难问题,非手术为一线选择,建议患者血糖控制稳定后可试行阴道顶压成形术。

miR-34b-3p Inhibition of eIF4E Causes Post-stroke Depression in Adult Mice

Post-stroke depression(PSD)is a serious and common complication of stroke,which seriously afects the rehabilitation of stroke patients.To date,the pathogenesis of PSD is unclear and efective treatments remain unavailable.Here,we established a mouse model of PSD through photothrombosis-induced focal ischemia.By using a combination of brain imaging,transcriptome sequencing,and bioinformatics analysis,we found that the hippocampus of PSD mice had a signifcantly lower metabolic level than other brain regions.RNA sequencing revealed a signifcant reduction of miR34b-3p,which was expressed in hippocampal neurons and inhibited the translation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E(eIF4E).Furthermore,silencing eIF4E inactivated microglia,inhibited neuroinfammation,and abolished the depression-like behaviors in PSD mice.Together,our data demonstrated that insufcient miR34b-3p after stroke cannot inhibit eIF4E translation,which causes PSD by the activation of microglia in the hippocampus.Therefore,miR34b-3p and eIF4E may serve as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of PSD.

Stability and function of RCL1 are dependent on the interaction with BMS1

During ribosome biogenesis,the small subunit(SSU)processome is responsible for 40S assembly.The BMS1/RCL1 complex is a core component of the SSU processome that plays an important role in 18S rRNA processing and maturation.Genetic studies using zebrafish mutants indicate that both Bms1-like(Bms1l)and Rcl1 are essential for digestive organ development.In spite of vital functions of this complex,the mutual dependence of these two nucleolar proteins for the stability and function remains elusive.In this study,we identified an RCL1-interacting domain in BMS1,which is conserved in zebrafish and humans.Moreover,both the protein stability and nucleolar entry of RCL1 depend on its interaction with BMS1,otherwise RCL1 degraded through the ubiquitination-proteasome pathway.Functional studies revealed that overexpression of RCL1 in BMS1-knockdown cells can partially rescue the defects in 18S rRNA processing and cell proliferation,and hepatocyte-specific overexpression of Rcl1 can resume zebrafish liver development in the bms1l substitution mutant bms1l^(sq163/sq163)but not in the knockout mutant bms1l^(zju1/zju1),which is attributed to the nucleolar entry of Rcl1 in the former mutant.Our data demonstrate that BMS1 and RCL1 interaction is essential for not only pre-rRNA processing but also the communication between ribosome biogenesis and cell cycle regulation.

Plasmonic metafibers electro-optic modulators

Digitalizing optical signals through electric driving signals,electro-optic modulators(EOMs)are one of the cardinal elements in modern optical communications.Most of current EOM devices are targeting on-chip integrations,which routinely suffer from high coupling losses,complex optical alignments and single-band operations.In this study,we for the first time integrate a lumped EOM device on the endfaces of a single-mode optical fiber jumper for fast amplitude modulations.Profiting from ultrathin and high quality-factor plasmonic metasurfaces,nanofabrication-friendly and highly efficient EO polymers and coupling-free connections with fiber networks,our EOM is demonstrated to allow dual-band operations(telecom O band and S band)and high-speed modulations(~1 GHz at a bias voltage of±9 V).This work offers an avenue to‘plug-and-play’implementations of EO devices and ultracompact“all-in-fibers”optical systems for communications,imaging,sensing and many others.

VGLUT3 neurons in median raphe control the efficacy of spatial memory retrieval via ETV4 regulation of VGLUT3 transcription

The raphe nucleus is critical for feeding, rewarding and memory. However, how the heterogenous raphe neurons are molecularly and structurally organized to engage their divergent functions remains unknown. Here, we genetically target a subset of neurons expressing VGLUT3. VGLUT3 neurons control the efficacy of spatial memory retrieval by synapsing directly with parvalbumin-expressing GABA interneurons(PGIs) in the dentate gyrus. In a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease(AD mice),VGLUT3→PGIs synaptic transmission is impaired by ETV4 inhibition of VGLUT3 transcription. ETV4 binds to a promoter region of VGLUT3 and activates VGLUT3 transcription in VGLUT3 neurons. Strengthening VGLUT3→PGIs synaptic transmission by ETV4 activation of VGLUT3 transcription upscales the efficacy of spatial memory retrieval in AD mice. This study reports a novel circuit and molecular mechanism underlying the efficacy of spatial memory retrieval via ETV4 inhibition of VGLUT3 transcription and hence provides a promising target for therapeutic intervention of the disease progression.

Quantum wells micro-ring resonator laser emitting at 1746 nm for gas sensing

Gas sensing for measurement of gas components, concentrations, and other parameters plays an important role in many fields. In this Letter, a micro-ring resonator laser used for gas sensing is experimentally demonstrated. The multi-quantumwells micro-ring laser based on whispering-gallery modes with an annular resonator and an output waveguide was fabricated. A single-mode laser with a wavelength of 1746.4 nm was fabricated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge,experimentally. The output power of 1.65 m W under 40 m A injection current was obtained with a side-mode suppression ratio over 33 d B.

‘Plug-and-play’ plasmonic metafibers for ultrafast fibre lasers

Metafibers expand the functionalities of conventional optical fibres to unprecedented nanoscale light manipulations by integrating metasurfaces on the fibre tips,becoming an emerging light-coupling platform for both the nanoscience and fibre optics communities.Current metafibers remain proof-of-concept demonstrations that mostly explore isolated bare fibres owing to the lack of standard interfaces with universal fibre networks.Here,we develop methodologies for fabricating well-defined plasmonic metasurfaces directly on the end facets of commercial single-mode fibre jumpers using standard planar technologies and provide the first demonstration of their practical applications in the nonlinear plasmonic regime.Featuring plug-and-play connections with fibre circuitry and arbitrary metasurface landscapes,the metafibers with tunable plasmonic resonances are implemented into fibre laser cavities,yielding all-fibre sub-picosecond(minimum 513 fs)soliton mode locked lasers at optical wavelengths of 1.5μm and 2μm,demonstrating their unusual polarimetric nonlinear transfer functions and superior saturation absorption responses.The nanofabrication process flow is compatible with existing cleanroom technologies,offering metafibers an avenue to become a regular member of functionalised fibre components.This work paves the way toward the next generation of ultrafast lasers,optical frequency combs,and ultracompact‘all-in-fibre’optical systems.

Reservoir and lithofacies shale classification based on NMR logging

Shale gas reservoirs have fine-grained textures and high organic contents,leading to complex pore structures.Therefore,accurate well-log derived pore size distributions are difficult to acquire for this unconventional reservoir type,despite their importance.However,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)logging can in principle provide such information via hydrogen relaxation time measurements.Thus,in this paper,NMR response curves(of shale samples)were rigorously mathematically analyzed(with an Expectation Maximization algorithm)and categorized based on the NMR data and their geology,respectively.Thus the number of the NMR peaks,their relaxation times and amplitudes were analyzed to characterize pore size distributions and lithofacies.Seven pore size distribution classes were distinguished;these were verified independently with Pulsed-Neutron Spectrometry(PNS)well-log data.This study thus improves the interpretation of well log data in terms of pore structure and mineralogy of shale reservoirs,and consequently aids in the optimization of shale gas extraction from the subsurface.

4–λ hybrid InGaAsP-Si evanescent laser array with low power consumption for on-chip optical interconnects

A 4 –λ hybrid InGaAsP-Si evanescent laser array is obtained by bonding III–V distributed feedback lasers to a silicon on insulator(SOI) substrate using a selective area metal bonding technique. Multiple wavelengths are realized by varying the width of the III–V ridge waveguide. The threshold current is less than 10 mA for all wavelength channels under continuous-wave(CW) operation at room temperature, and the lowest threshold current density is 0.76 kA∕cm2. The side mode suppression ratio(SMSR) is higher than 40 dB for all wavelength channels when the injection current is between 20 mA and 70 mA at room temperature, and the highest SMSR is up to 51 dB. A characteristic temperature of 51 K and thermal impedance of 144°C/W are achieved on average.The 4 –λ hybrid InGaAsP-Si evanescent laser array exhibits a low threshold and high SMSR under CW operation at room temperature. The low power consumption of this device makes it very attractive for on-chip optical interconnects.

Asymmetric quantum well broadband thyristor laser

A broadband thyristor laser based on InGaAs/GaAs asymmetric quantum well（AQW） is fabricated by metal organic chemical vapor deposition（MOCVD）. The 3-μm-wide Fabry-Perot（FP） ridge-waveguide laser shows an S-shape I-V characteristic and exhibits a flat-topped broadband optical spectrum coverage of ~27 nm（Δ（-10） dB） at a center wavelength of ~1090 nm with a total output power of 137 mW under pulsed operation. The AQW structure was carefully designed to establish multiple energy states within, in order to broaden the gain spectrum. An obvious blue shift emission, which is not generally acquired in QW laser diodes, is observed in the broadening process of the optical spectrum as the injection current increases. This blue shift spectrum broadening is considered to result from the prominent band-filling effect enhanced by the multiple energy states of the AQW structure, as well as the optical feedback effect contributed by the thyristor laser structure.