Equilibrium analysis has been widely studied as an effective tool to model gaming interactions and predict market results.However,as competition modes are fundamentally changed by the decarbonization and decentralizat...Equilibrium analysis has been widely studied as an effective tool to model gaming interactions and predict market results.However,as competition modes are fundamentally changed by the decarbonization and decentralization of power systems,analysis techniques must evolve.This article comprehensively reviews recent developments in modelling methods,practical settings and solution tech-niques in equilibrium analysis.Firstly,we review equilibrium in the evolving wholesale power markets which feature new entrants,novel trading products and multi-stage clearing.Secondly,the competition modes in the emerging distribution market and distributed resource aggregation are reviewed,and we compare peer-to-peer clearing,cooperative games and Stackelberg games.Further-more,we summarize the methods to treat various information acquisition degrees,risk preferences and rationalities of market par-ticipants.To deal with increasingly complex market settings,this review also covers refined analytical techniques and agent-based models used to compute the equilibrium.Finally,based on this review,this paper summarizes key issues in the gaming and equilibrium analysis in power markets under decarbonization and decentralization.展开更多
Introduction Sunlight is an environmental factor regulating plant growth and development.Plants have evolved a battery of photoreceptors to sense and respond to different wavelengths of light(Jenkins,2017;Liu et al.,2...Introduction Sunlight is an environmental factor regulating plant growth and development.Plants have evolved a battery of photoreceptors to sense and respond to different wavelengths of light(Jenkins,2017;Liu et al.,2020a).UV-B(280–315 nm)comprises the shortest wavelength of sunlight on the earth surface.In general,low fluence rate UV-B does not generate damage effects on plants,rather it induces plant photomorphogenic responses(Yin and Ulm,2017).High fluence rate UV-B may damage macromolecules,including nucleic acids,protein and membranes(Hideg et al.,2013).The UV-B photoreceptor UVR8 protein((UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8)perceives the low dose UV-B and triggers UV-B specific signal transduction.展开更多
基金supported by NSFC-NWO International Cooper-ation project under Grant 52161135201by National Natural and Science Foundation of China under Grant U2066205。
文摘Equilibrium analysis has been widely studied as an effective tool to model gaming interactions and predict market results.However,as competition modes are fundamentally changed by the decarbonization and decentralization of power systems,analysis techniques must evolve.This article comprehensively reviews recent developments in modelling methods,practical settings and solution tech-niques in equilibrium analysis.Firstly,we review equilibrium in the evolving wholesale power markets which feature new entrants,novel trading products and multi-stage clearing.Secondly,the competition modes in the emerging distribution market and distributed resource aggregation are reviewed,and we compare peer-to-peer clearing,cooperative games and Stackelberg games.Further-more,we summarize the methods to treat various information acquisition degrees,risk preferences and rationalities of market par-ticipants.To deal with increasingly complex market settings,this review also covers refined analytical techniques and agent-based models used to compute the equilibrium.Finally,based on this review,this paper summarizes key issues in the gaming and equilibrium analysis in power markets under decarbonization and decentralization.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870261&32070261)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(18ZR1419600)the Agri-X Interdisciplinary Fund of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(Agri-X2017006).
文摘Introduction Sunlight is an environmental factor regulating plant growth and development.Plants have evolved a battery of photoreceptors to sense and respond to different wavelengths of light(Jenkins,2017;Liu et al.,2020a).UV-B(280–315 nm)comprises the shortest wavelength of sunlight on the earth surface.In general,low fluence rate UV-B does not generate damage effects on plants,rather it induces plant photomorphogenic responses(Yin and Ulm,2017).High fluence rate UV-B may damage macromolecules,including nucleic acids,protein and membranes(Hideg et al.,2013).The UV-B photoreceptor UVR8 protein((UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8)perceives the low dose UV-B and triggers UV-B specific signal transduction.
