致病性Th17细胞在神经炎症中的作用及调控机制的研究进展

神经炎症是中枢神经系统在损伤、感染、毒素等各种影响内稳态因素的刺激下产生的复杂免疫反应,涉及驻留在中枢神经系统中的多种免疫细胞。持续存在的神经炎症是所有神经系统疾病(包括神经发育、神经退行性和精神性疾病)病因和病程的共同特性。Th17细胞是CD4+T细胞的一个重要亚型,在稳态条件下介导对细胞外细菌和真菌的免疫反应,维持肠道粘膜屏障的防御功能。但当体内细胞因子微环境发生炎症性改变时,Th17细胞可以转化为具有高度促炎性的致病表型,在炎症性疾病的发生发展中起着至关重要的作用。本文主要对致病性Th17细胞的分化调控及其在神经炎症中的作用进行了系统综述,对于理解免疫系统和神经系统之间的相互作用具有一定参考意义。

Relationship between hyperlipidemia and the gut microbiome of rats, characterized using high-throughput sequencing

Objective:To determine the effects of a high-fat diet(HFD)on the gut microbiome in rats,to explore the relationship between the intestinal flora and blood lipid profile.Methods:SpragueeDawley rats were fed an HFD for four weeks to induce hyperlipidemia,then 16S rRNA sequencing was used to compare the intestinal flora between hyperlipidemic and control diet-fed rats.Results:The microbiome of rats fed an HFD for four weeks differed from that of control diet-fed rats.Bacterial species that were less abundant were most affected by HFD feeding,among which were many pathogenic species,which became significantly more abundant.Eighteen genera were present in significantly different numbers in hyperlipidemic and control rats,more than half of which have been linked to infection and inflammation,or energy intake and obesity.The results indicated a type of stress response of the flora to a high-fat environment.In addition,the age of the rats tended to influence the gut microbial composition.Conclusion:These findings suggest that HFD may induce hyperlipidemia by affecting the gut microbial composition.Changes in the abundance of pro-inflammatory and pathogenic bacteria,and those that influence energy intake and obesity,may be important mediators of this.

Effect of dilution gas composition on the evolution of graphite electrode characteristics in the spark gap switch

As the widely implemented electrode material,graphite has the characteristic of sublimation by the thermal shock of the switching arc,and the produced carbon vapor is easy to condense into carbon powders and deposit in the switch.The impact of the type of dilution gas in a mixture of20%oxygen and 80%dilution gas on the sublimation and oxidation characteristics of the graphite electrode is investigated.It is found that when nitrogen dilution gas was replaced by argon,the heat flux to the electrodes decreased,which led to a 63%reduction of graphite sublimation.At the same time,the cooling rate of the arc was slower in argon,which promotes oxidation of the carbon vapor.The residual solid carbon can be reduced by 70%–85%by using argon as the dilution gas.Consequently,it is demonstrated that the stability and working life of the switch could be increased by appropriate selection of the dilution gas.

Environmental Protection and Energy Color Changing Clothing Design under the Background of Sustainable Development

In order to promote the application of clean energy technology in clothing and promote the integration of industrial development and artificial intelligence wearable technology,this study elaborates the energy application characteristics of intelligent wearable products at home and abroad and its application in different fields,aiming at the current research status of wearable technology in the field of textile and clothing.The wearable distributed generation technology is classified,and a creative clothing design for detecting climate temperature is designed.Based on the monitoring of body temperature,the changes in clothing pattern color can reflect people’s health and emotional status.At the same time,it can also be applied to the screening of abnormal body temperature during the COVID-19.

Correlation analysis of intestinal flora and pathological process of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective: To observe the relationship between the different stages of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and the intestinal flora and verify its underlying mechanism.Methods: T2DM rats were generated by high-fat diet(HFD) combined with intraperitoneal streptozotocin(STZ) injection. The rats were divided into four groups: the control group(fed with normal feed for1 month), the HFD group(fed with HFD for 1 month), the T2DM group(HFD combined with STZ and blood glucose ≥11.1 m M), and the unformed T2DM model(Un-mod) group(HFD combined with STZ and blood glucose <11.1 m M). Feces were collected, and bacterial communities in the fecal samples were analyzed by 16S r RNA gene sequencing. The content of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs) in feces was measured by gas chromatography. Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the expression of G protein-coupled receptor 41(GPR41) and GPR43.Results: At different stages of T2DM, the intestinal flora and SCFAs content of rats were significantly decreased(all P <.05). Our results indicated that g__Prevotella had a significant negative correlation, and g__Ruminococcus_torques_group and g__lachnoclastic had a significant positive correlation with blood glucose. The content of SCFAs, in particular acetate and butyrate, in rat feces of different stages of T2DM were significantly reduced, as well as GPR41 and GPR43 expression. The results in the Un-mod group were similar to the T2DM group, and the expression of GPR41 and GPR43 proteins were significantly higher than those in the T2DM group(both P <.001).Conclusion: The intestinal flora-SCFAs-GPR41/GPR43 network may be important in the development of T2DM. Decreasing blood glucose levels by regulating the intestinal flora may become a new therapeutic strategy for T2DM, which has very important clinical and social values.

Green tea polyphenols supplementation alters immunometabolism and oxidative stress in dairy cows with hyperketonemia

Peripartal cows often experience negative energy balance,and are therefore prone to suffering from metabolic diseases such as hyperketonemia,which causes financial losses in dairy farms.This study aimed to investigate the effect of green tea polyphenol(GTP)supplementation during the periparturient period on production performance,oxidative stress and immunometabolism in dairy cows with hyperketonemia.One hundred Holstein cows were assigned to GTP(0.2 g/kg DM;n=50)or control(without GTP;n=50)group based on body weight,previous milk yield,and parity on d 15 before expected parturition.Subsequently,10 cows with hyperketonemia were selected from each group,according to bloodβ-hydroxybutyric acid(BHBA)concentration between 1.2 and 2.9 mmol/L from 2 to 3 d postpartum.All cows were fed a close-up diet and a lactation diet with or without GTP supply from 15 d prepartum until 30 d postpartum.Milk and blood samples were obtained from 20 cows selected with hyperketonemia on 10,20,and 30 d postpartum.Compared with control cows,greater milk yield and lower somatic cell count were observed in GTP cows.The GTP group had lower concentrations of BHBA,free fatty acids,cholesterol,triglyceride,reactive oxygen species,malondialdehyde,and hydrogen peroxide,greater concentrations of glucose,lower activities of aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,and glutamyl transpeptidase,alongside greater ac-tivities of superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxidase,and total antioxidant capacity.Additionally,GTP supplementation up-regulated concentrations of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10,but down-regulated concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-1β,interleukin-2,interleukin-8,and interferon-γin plasma.Greater concentrations of plasma immunoglobulin G were also detected in the GTP group.Overall,the data suggested that GTP supplementation from 15 d prepartum to 30 d postpartum improved the milk yield and health status in cows with hvoerketonemia during early lactation.