Influence of ammonium sulfate on the corrosion behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy in chloride environment

Electrochemical corrosion of AZ31 magnesium alloy in the NH_(4)^(+)-SO_(4)2−-Cl−environment is studied.Effect of NH_(4)^(+)overshadows that of Cl−as the(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4) concentration is 0.005 M or higher,yielding an evolution from localized corrosion to uniform corrosion.Acceleration effect of NH_(4)^(+)can be attributed to that(i)NH_(4)^(+)dissolves the inner MgO and hinders the precipitation of Mg(OH)_(2) and(ii)the buffering ability of NH_(4)^(+)provides H+,enhances the hydrogen evolution,and expedites the corrosion process.The latter is demonstrated as the dominant factor with the results in unbuffered and buffered environments.The severe corrosion and hydrogen process in NH_(4)^(+)-containing solution results in a high Hads coverage and yields an inductive loop within the low frequency.Meanwhile,SO_(4)^(2−)is helpful in generating cracked but partially protective corrosion products,while Cl−could broaden the corrosion area beneath the corrosion product.

The incorporation of cocatalyst cobalt sulfide into graphitic carbon nitride:Boosted photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance and mechanism exploration

2D-layered graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))is regarded as a great prospect as a photocatalyst for H_(2)generation.However,g-C_(3)N_(4)’s photocatalytic hydrogen evolution(HER)activity is significantly restricted by the recombination of photocarriers.We find that cobalt sulfide(CoS_(2))as a cocatalyst can promote g-C_(3)N_(4)nanosheets(NSs)to realize very efficient photocatalytic H_(2)generation.The prepared CoS_(2)/g-C_(3)N_(4)hybrids display highly boosted photocatalytic H_(2)generation performance and outstanding cycle stability.The optimized 7%-CoS_(2)/g-C_(3)N_(4)hybrids show a much improved photocatalytic H_(2)generation rate of 36.2μmol-1h-1,which is about 180 times as much as bare g-C_(3)N_(4)(0.2μmol-1h-1).In addition,the apparent quantum efficiency(AQE)of all the samples was computed under light atλ=370 nm,in which the AQE of 7%-CoS_(2)/g-C_(3)N_(4)hybrids is up to 5.72%.The experimental data and the DFT calculation suggest that the CoS_(2)/g-C_(3)N_(4)hybrid’s excellent HER activity is attributable to the lower overpotential and the smaller Co-H bond activation energy for HER.Accordingly,the CoS_(2)cocatalyst loading effectively boosts the photocatalytic performance of g-C_(3)N_(4)for H_(2)evolution.The project promotes fast development of high-efficiency photocatalysts and low-cost for photocatalytic H_(2)generation.

Photocatalytic H2 Evolution on TiO2 Assembled with Ti3C2 MXene and Metallic 1T-WS2 as Co-catalysts

The biggest challenging issue in photocatalysis is efficient separation of the photoinduced carriers and the aggregation of photoexcited electrons on photocatalyst’s surface.In this paper,we report that double metallic co-catalysts Ti3C2 MXene and metallic octahedral(1T)phase tungsten disulfide(WS2)act pathways transferring photoexcited electrons in assisting the photocatalytic H2 evolution.TiO2 nanosheets were in situ grown on highly conductive Ti3C2 MXenes and 1T-WS2 nanoparticles were then uniformly distributed on TiO2@Ti3C2 composite.Thus,a distinctive 1T-WS2@TiO2@Ti3C2 composite with double metallic co-catalysts was achieved,and the content of 1T phase reaches 73%.The photocatalytic H2 evolution performance of 1T-WS2@TiO2@Ti3C2 composite with an optimized 15 wt%WS2 ratio is nearly 50 times higher than that of TiO2 nanosheets because of conductive Ti3C2 MXene and 1T-WS2 resulting in the increase of electron transfer efficiency.Besides,the 1T-WS2 on the surface of TiO2@Ti3C2 composite enhances the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area and boosts the density of active site.

Evaluating Common Land Model Energy Fluxes Using FLUXNET Data

Given the crucial role of land surface processes in global and regional climates, there is a pressing need to test and verify the performance of land surface models via comparisons to observations. In this study, the eddy covariance measurements from 20 FLUXNET sites spanning more than 100 site-years were utilized to evaluate the performance of the Common Land Model （CoLM） over different vegetation types in various climate zones. A decomposition method was employed to separate both the observed and simulated energy fluxes, i.e., the sensible heat flux, latent heat flux, net radiation, and ground heat flux, at three timescales ranging from stepwise （30 rain） to monthly. A comparison between the simulations and observations indicated that CoLM produced satisfactory simulations of all four energy fluxes, although the different indexes did not exhibit consistent results among the different fluxes, A strong agreement between the simulations and observations was found for the seasonal cycles at the 20 sites, whereas CoLM underestimated the latent heat flux at the sites with distinct dry and wet seasons, which might be associated with its weakness in simulating soil water during the dry season. CoLM cannot explicitly simulate the midday depression of leaf gas exchange, which may explain why CoLM also has a maximum diurnal bias at noon in the summer. Of the eight selected vegetation types analyzed, CoLM performs best for evergreen broadleaf forests and worst for croplands and wetlands.

Noble metal-like behavior of plasmonic Bi particles deposited on reduced TiO2 microspheres for efficient full solar spectrum photocatalytic oxygen evolution

Herein, novel plasmonic Bi metal in situ deposited in reduced Ti O2 microspheres(Bi@R-Ti O2) are fabricated via a bimetallic MOF-derived synthesized strategy by adjusting the synthesizing temperature. Different characterization techniques, including XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, DRS, PL, EIS, and photocurrent generation, are performed to investigate the structural and optical properties of the as-prepared samples. The results indicate that the Bi particles are generated inside and outside of reduced Ti O2 microspheres via the reduction of Ti4+ and Bi3+ by ethylene glycol. When the annealing temperature is controlled at 300 o C, the corresponding Bi@R-Ti O2-300 sample with an appropriate amount of Bi nanoparticles exhibits the highest full solar spectrum photocatalytic oxygen evolution activity(4728.709 μmol h–1 g–1), which is 5.9 and 9.5 times higher than that of pure Ti O2 and Bi-Ti bimetal organic frameworks(Bi-Ti-MOFs). Several reasons are suggested for the above results:(1) Bi metal behaves as an "electron acceptor" to accelerate the charge carrier transfer from Ti O2 to Bi;(2) The surface plasmon resonance effect of loaded metallic Bi particles can enhance the visible and NIR light absorption capacity;(3) The generation of Ti3+ further narrows the band gap of TiO2.

Eutectogel-based self-powered wearable sensor for health monitoring in harsh environments

Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENG)have emerged as a highly promising energy harvesting technology,attracting significant attention in recent years for their broad applications.Gel-based TENGs,with superior stretchability and sensitivity,have been widely reported as wearable sensors.However,the traditional hydrogel-based TENGs suffer from freezing at low temperatures and drying at high temperatures,resulting in malfunctions.In this study,we introduce an anti-freezing eutectogel,which uses a deep eutectic solvent(DES),to improve the stability and electrical conductivity of TENGs in harsh environmental conditions.The eutectogel-based TENG(E-TENG)produces an open-circuit voltage of 776 V,a short-circuit current of 1.54μA,and a maximum peak power of 1.1 mW.Moreover,the E-TENG exhibits exceptional mechanical properties with an elongation at a break of 476%under tension.Importantly,it maintains impressive performances across a wide temperature range from−18 to 60℃,with conductivities of 2.15 S/m at−10℃and 1.75 S/m at−18℃.Based on the excellent weight stability of the E-TENG sensor,motion sensing can be achieved in the air,and even underwater.Finally,the versatility of the E-TENG can serve as a wearable sensor,by integrating it with Bluetooth technology.The self-powered E-TENG can monitor various human motion signals in real-time and send the health signals directly to mobile phones.This research paves a new road for the applications of TENGs in harsh environments,offering wireless flexible sensors with real-time health signal monitoring capabilities.

High-performance triboelectric nanogenerator based on theoretical analysis and ferroelectric nanocomposites and its high-voltage applications

With the growing economy and technology,disease prevention and individual health are becoming more and more important.It is highly urgent to develop a non-toxic,self-powered,and safe high-voltage power source to prevent diseases spread by mosquitoes,especially in isolated or remote areas.Herein,we reported a high-performance rotary triboelectric nanogenerator(R-TENG)based on customized theoretical simulations and a ferroelectric nanocomposite intermediate layer.The customized theoretical simulations based on gradient electrode gaps were established to optimize gap angles and segment numbers of the electrodes,which could prevent air breakdown and enhance the R-TENG output energy by at least 1.5 times.Meanwhile,the electrical output performance of the TENG was further enhanced with a highly oriented BaTiO3(BTO)nanoparticles intermediate layer by about 2.5 times.The open-circuit voltage of R-TENG reached more than 6 kV and could continuously light 3420 light-emitting devices(LEDs)or 4 serially connected 36 W household fluorescent lamps.Therefore,a self-powered high-voltage disease prevention system is developed based on the high-performance R-TENG to reduce the risk of disease transmission.This work provides a prospective strategy for the further development of TENGs and expands practical applications of self-powered and high-voltage systems.

Micro/nanostructured amorphous TiNbZr films to enhance the adhesion strength and corrosion behavior of stainless steel

To improve the corrosion resistance of key components and ensure the service safety of marine equipment,here we combined femtosecond(fs)laser fabrication and magnetron sputtering deposition to develop micro/nanostructured amorphous TiNbZr films.Analysis of the compositional,microstructural,corrosion,and mechanical properties was conducted.The results showed that the TiNbZr films were amorphous,and spherical TiNbZr nanoparticles uniformly covered the fs laser-induced periodic fringe structure.A complex hierarchical micro/nanostructure was formed that was hydrophobic and showed enhanced adhesion strength.The TiNbZr films deposited on fs laser-treated substrates provided the best corrosion resistance,showing a self-corrosion current density of 116 nA/cm^(2),excellent passive ability,and pitting resistance.The microscratch test revealed that the micro/nanostructures doubled the binding strength of the TiNbZr/316L interface due to the compositional and structural gradients induced by an approximately 20 nm transition layer formed during fs laser processing.This work provides a new method for obtaining anti-corrosion films with a high adhesion strength for marine applications.

NbMoTiVSi_(x) refractory high entropy alloys strengthened by forming BCC phase and silicide eutectic structure

In order to improve mechanical properties of refractory high entropy alloys,silicide was introduced and NbMoTiVSi_(x)(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,and 0.4,molar ratio) refractory high entropy alloys are prepared by vacuum arc melting.Phase composition,micro structure evolution and mechanical properties were systematically studied.Results show that the silicide phase is formed in the alloys with addition of silicon,and the volume fraction of silicide increases from 0 to 8.3 % with increasing of silicon.Microstructure observation shows that the morphology of dendrite changes from columnar to near equiaxed,eutectic structure is formed at grain boundaries and composed of secondary BCC phase and silicide phase.The average length of the primary and second dendrites decreases with the increasing of silicon.Whereas,the ratio of eutectic structure increases from 0 to 19.8 % with the increment of silicon.The refinement of microstructure is caused by heterogeneous nucleation from the silicide.Compressive tests show that the yield and ultimate strength of the alloys increases from 1141.5 MPa to 2093.1 MPa and from 1700.1 MPa to 2374.7 MPa with increasing silicon content.The fracture strain decreases from 24.7 %-11.0 %.Fracture mechanism is changed from ductile fracture to ductile and brittle mixed fracture.The improvement of the strength is caused by grain bounda ry strengthening,which includes more boundaries around primary BCC phase and eutectic structure in grain boundary,both of them is resulted from the formation of silicide.

Self-Assembled Silane Film and Silver Nanoparticles Coating on Magnesium Alloys for Corrosion Resistance and Antibacterial Applications

Contamination resulting from microbial adhesion on magnesium alloys is very common in many applications. Self-assembly technology was employed to prepare an antibacterial composite coating by fixing silver nanoparticles （AgNPs） onto the surface of magnesium alloys. The AgNPs were immobilized on the surface of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane （APTMS）-modified magnesium alloy AZ31 （APTMS/Mg） through electrosta- tic inter-attraction between partially protonated amino groups and negatively charged citrate-capped AgNPs, resulting in the AgNPs attached APTMS/Mg （AgNPs/APTMS/Mg） substrate. The prepared Ag colloid and functionalized AZ31 alloy were characterized by ultraviolet-visible （UV-vis） spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and electrochemical methods. Finally, the bactericidal activity of AgNPs/APTMS/Mg substrate against Escherichia coli was assessed by the inhibition zone. The results demonstrated that Si-O-Si covalent bonds existed on the substrate with the formation of inorganic Si-O-Mg bonds. AgNPs were immobilized and well-dispersed, forming a uniform submonolayer on the silane film in two dimensions. The AgNPs/APTMS-pretreated AZ31 alloys exhibited better corrosion resistance and excellent antibacterial performance.

Addition Al and/or Ti Induced Modifi cations of Microstructures, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion Properties in CoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloy Coatings

The purpose of this work is to study the influences of Al and/or Ti addition on the microstructures, mechanical properties and corrosion properties of CoCrFeNi-(Al, Ti) high entropy alloy(HEA) coatings. Three coatings, AlCoCrFeNi(Ⅰ), CoCrFeNiTi_(0.5)(Ⅱ) and AlCoCrFeNiTi_(0.5)(Ⅲ), were fabricated by laser cladding successfully. The AlCoCrFeNi(Ⅰ) coating exhibited a simple body-centered cubic(BCC) solid-solution structure, whereas the CoCrFeNiTi_(0.5)(Ⅱ) alloy exhibited a face-centered cubic(FCC) solid-solution and a small amount of Laves phase. The BCC phases in AlCoCrFeNiTi _(0.5)(Ⅲ) coating were characterized as Fe–Cr rich disordered BCC phases(A2) and Al-Ni–Ti-rich ordered BCC phases(L2_1) separately. The AlCoCrFeNiTi_(0.5)(Ⅲ) coating with dual-phase BCC structure showed the optimal performance of both mechanical and corrosion properties, which was superior to BCC-based AlCoCrFeNi(Ⅰ) and FCC-based CoCrFeNiTi_(0.5)(Ⅱ) coatings. Nanoindentation tests and quantitative investigations on the strengthening mechanisms of AlCoCrFeNiTi_(0.5)(Ⅲ) coating were conducted, suggesting that the precipitation strengthening is the dominant strengthening mechanism. In short, the addition of moderate amount of Al and Ti in CoCrFeNi HEA shows potential for the development of a high strength and corrosion-resistant coating.

Synthesis of porous few-layer carbon nitride with excellent photocatalytic nitrogen fixation

The porous few-layer g-C_(3)N_(4)(PFL-g-C_(3)N_(4))is prepared by a simple molecular self-assembly method.Compared with pure g-C_(3)N_(4),the as-prepared PFL-g-C_(3)N_(4) is ultrathin,the surface is rich in pores,and the photocatalytic nitrogen fixation activity is greatly increased to 8.20 mM h^(-1) gCat^(-1).Few-layer and ultrathin nature of PFL-g-C_(3)N_(4) can provide a larger specific surface area,expose more active sites,and reduce the diffusion path of charges and protons from the inside to the surface.In addition,the porous structure can narrow the band gap,thereby increasing the light absorption range and enhancing the light absorption capability.Meanwhile,the presence of nitrogen vacancies causes PFL-g-C_(3)N_(4) to move to a more negative conductive band value.More importantly,the isotopic experiments using ^(15)N_(2) as nitrogen source confirm the ammonia production originating from N2 rather than the decomposition of g-C_(3)N_(4).Therefore,PFL-g-C_(3)N_(4) can greatly improve the efficiency of visible light photocatalytic nitrogen fixation.

Fabrication of the Superhydrophobic Surface on Magnesium Alloy and Its Corrosion Resistance

The superhydrophobic surface was fabricated on the AZ31 alloy by the combination of the hydrotherreal treatment method and post modification with stearic acid. The superhydrophobic surface showed a static water contact angle of 157.6°. The characteristics of the coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）. The corrosion resistance of the superhydrophobic coatings was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS）. The results revealed that the superhydrophobic coatings, characterized by petal-like structure significantly improved the corrosion resistance of the AZ31 ahoy.

Enhanced strength and ductility in Ti46Al4Nb1Mo alloys via boron addition

To improve the strength and ductility of Ti Al alloys by second phase, Ti46 Al4 Nb1 Mo alloys doped with different B content(0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6% and 2.0%, atomic percent, hereafter in at.%, referred to as TNMx B) were prepared. Macro/microstructure evolution, mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of the alloys were studied systematically. Results showed that the microstructure of TNM-0.4 B and TNM-0.8 B alloy remained columnar dendrites, and the secondary dendritic arms of columnar grains were more obvious. When the content of B is 1.2%, the columnar dendrites transformed to equiaxed grains, and theα2/γ lamellae colony size was further refined in TNM-1.6 B and TNM-2.0 B alloy. The morphologies and kinds of the borides were changed with increasing B content, XRD results showed that Ti B phase appeared with 1.6%B content, and both Ti B and Ti B2 phase formed in TNM-2.0 B alloy. There were straight and curved Ti B phases located around grain boundaries in TNM-0.4 B and TNM-0.8 B alloy, and when the content of B increased to 1.2%, the curved Ti B phases were reduced, while the tiny and straight Ti B phases increased. With further increasing B content to 1.6% and 2.0%, the tiny and straight Ti B phases were coarser. Compressive testing results showed that the mechanical properties of the TNM alloy were enhanced with increasing B content. The maximum strength and strain of TNM alloy were 2339 MPa and33.7% with 1.6% B addition. The compressive strength and strain were mainly enhanced via refinement of lamellar colony and formation of Ti B, and it is found that pile-up of dislocations and deformed twins promoted by Ti B are predominant in improving the mechanical properties of TNM alloys with higher strength and strain.

The metallic 1T-WS_(2)as cocatalysts for promoting photocatalytic N_(2) fixation performance of Bi_(5)O_(7)Br nanosheets

Recently,widespread attention has been devoted to the typical layered BiOCl or BiOBr because of the suitable nanostructure and band structure.However,owing to the fast carrier recombination,the photocatalytic performance of BiOX materials is not so satisfactory.Loading 1T phase WS_(2)nanosheets(NSs)onto Bi_(5)O_(7)Br NSs can improve the photocatalytic N_(2)fixation activity.Among these,the obtained 1T-WS_(2)@Bi_(5)O_(7)Br composites with optimum 5%1T-WS_(2)NSs display a significantly improved photocatalytic N_(2)fixation rate(8.43 mmol L^(−1)h^(−1)g^(−1)),2.51 times higher than pure Bi_(5)O_(7)Br(3.36 mmol L^(−1)h^(−1)g^(−1)).And the outstanding stability of 1T-WS_(2)@Bi_(5)O_(7)Br-5 composites is also achieved.Exactly,the photoexcited electrons from Bi_(5)O_(7)Br NSs are quickly transferred to conductive 1T phase WS_(2)as electron acceptors,which can promote the separation of carriers.In addition,1T-WS_(2)NSs can provide abundant active sites on the basal and edge planes,which can promote the efficiency of photocatalytic N_(2)fixation.This work offers a novel solution to improve the photocatalytic performance of Bi_(5)O_(7)Br NSs.

One-dimensional Ag2S/ZnS/ZnO nanorod array films for photocathodic protection for 304 stainless steel

Highly ordered Ag2 S/ZnS/ZnO nanorod array film photoanodes were prepared on a Ti substrate for photocathodic cathodic protection.The results indicated that the photoresponse range of the Ag2S/ZnS/ZnO composite film was extended compared to those of the ZnO and ZnS/ZnO films,indicating its higher light absorption capacity.When the Ag2S/ZnS/ZnO composite film served as a photoanode,the film can provide the best effective photocathodic protection for 304 stainless steel in a 3.5 wt%NaCl solution under white light illumination compared to the ZnO and ZnS/ZnO films.Additionally,in comparison to pure ZnO film,the photocurrent for the ZnS/ZnO film remained the same without noticeable fluctuation after illumination for 1 h,indicating that the ZnS functionalization improved the stability by overcoming the photocorrosion effect of the ZnO photoanode under light irradiation.

Investigation on thermo-mechanical behavior of reinforced concrete energy pile with large cross-section in saturated sandy soil by model experiments

Energy piles are a new type of heat exchange systems with buried pipes in a pile foundation,which optimize a ground source heat pump system for the utilization of shallow geothermal energy.In this study,based on the principle of similarity,the thermo-mechanical behavior of the model energy pile with a large cross-section in saturated sandy soil was experimentally evaluated.The pre-cast model concrete pile with a diameter of 0.2 m and length of 1.5 m was buried in saturated sand in a steel box with dimensions of 2.5 m×2.5 m×2.0 m(length×width×height).The pile was heated using water in the polyethylene(PE)pipe,which was connected to a water cycle temperature controller.At a constant inlet water temperature of 55℃,three thermal cycles were carried out with the same heating and cooling periods and different water flow rates.The temperature distributions in the pile and soil,in addition to the pore pressure,soil pressure,and displacement of the pile,were monitored to clarify the thermo-mechanical behavior of the pile and soil.The heat transfer efficiency was analyzed based on the temperature difference and water flow rates.The measured strain at different locations in the pile under cyclic thermal loading revealed that the uneven strain that developed in a pile body should be considered for its long-term application.Furthermore,focus should be directed toward the long-term unrecoverable displacement of the energy pile due to the thermal plastic strain and thermal consolidation of the soil.

Establishment of a genetic transformation system for maize inbred P9-10

It was found that the supplement of 10-4 mol/L AgNO3 in N6 medium enhanced the induction of type Ⅰembryogenic calli from immature embryos of maize inbred P9-10. After high-osmotic treatment, the induced calli was taken as transformation recipient to be bombarded with plasmid pMG6 carrying synthetic Bt gene by PDS-1000/He genegun. A total of 14 resistant calli were obtained after screening subsequently on the mediums with gradually increasing selective pressure. 10 plants were regenerated from the resistant calli on 3 different induction media,and 8 out of the 10 regenerated plants were confirmed to be integrated with Bt gene by PCR and Southern blotting analysis. Results of ELISA showed that the Bt-protein content in the leaves of the transgenic plants varied between 20—200 ng/g fresh weight.

Large magnetic entropy change in weberite-type oxides Gd_(3)MO_(7)(M=Nb,Sb,and Ta)

In the present work,the structure,magnetic properties,and cryogenic magnetocaloric effect of weberite-type oxides Gd_(3)MO_(7)(M=Nb,Sb,and Ta)are reported through powder X-ray diffraction,bulk susceptibility,and heat capacity measurements,as well as scaling law analysis and a mean-field approach.A remarkably large isothermal magnetic entropy change of 354.0 m J K^(-1)cm^(-3)is observed for Gd_(3)SbO_(7)under an external field of 9 T at 2.0 K.The relative cooling power is estimated to be 618.9 J kg^(-1)(4.8 J cm^(-3))for an applied field of 8.9 T,with the largest adiabatic temperature change being 22.4 K at 6.3 K.The magnetocaloric performance of these oxides is quite impressive when compared with the benchmark magnetic refrigerant,gadolinium gallium garnet(Gd_(3)Ga_(5)O_(12),GGG).Therefore,Gd_(3)MO_(7)(M=Nb,Sb,and Ta)are promising alternatives for cryogenic cooling techniques,especially for the magnetic liquefaction of helium.

From microstructure evolution to thermoelectric and mechanical properties enhancement of SnSe

Defect existing form and its evolution play an important role in the thermoelectric transport process. Here different forms of Pb into the Sn Se system were introduced in order to improve the thermoelectric and mechanical properties of Sn Se. Pb/Sn Se samples were fabricated by vacuum melting, solid phase diffusion,spark plasma sintering and annealing treatment. The element valence mapping diagram and the X-ray photoelectron spectra(XPS) characteristic peaks of Pb show that a certain amount of elemental Pb exists in the initial state, and evolves into Pb^(2+)ion after annealing treatment. The micro-structure evolution leads to significant enhancement of the power factor and the ZT value. The power factor(PF) and the ZT value for Pb/Sn Se increases to 623 μW/m/K^(2) and 1.12 at 773 K after annealing treatment, respectively.Compared with Sn Se matrix, the hardness and fracture toughness of Pb/Sn Se samples increased by about40% and 10%, respectively. Reasonable control of microstructure evolution is expected to be a design idea to improve thermoelectric and mechanical properties of Sn Se.