Introduction: To adequately measure population health, a health information system is essential. The main rationale for collecting routine data on population health is to provide information and evidence for designing...Introduction: To adequately measure population health, a health information system is essential. The main rationale for collecting routine data on population health is to provide information and evidence for designing and assessing health programs and to ensure that their objectives are being met. Accidents are one of the most predictable issues that constitute a major social and economic burden amongst communities, particularly in developing countries such as Iran. Methods: Among the available data provided by health information system, data on mortality are commonly used not only as health indicators but also as socioeconomic development indices. In Iran, two organizations, the National Organization for Civil Registration (NOCR) and the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOH&ME) currently operate death registration systems. In this research, a cross-section of accident-cause of mortality data from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in the year 2004 to 2010 was employed. Results: The highest rate of injury caused deaths was due to road traffic accidents in all these years and in both sexes. Traffic accidents were first in the ranking of unintentional accidents, the next ranking were burns, sudden intoxication with drugs and toxicants and fall in order. The proportion of deaths due to accidents in relation to the total number of deaths due to unintentional injuries was 69.9 in 2006, 66.3 in 2007, 66.3 in 2008, 68.2 in 2009 and 65.5 in 2010. Discussion: From 2006 to 2010, two thirds of injury-caused deaths were related to transport accidents. Although no significant changes are observable in 5 years, we can observe a gradual decrease in death. Conclusion: As we can see in this research, the first rank in injuries is related to road traffic accidents. This should be as a priority for various organizations and policy makers should find an appropriate and logical solution to resolve this problem.展开更多
Background: The world’s population living in urban areas has grown up from 14% to over 50%. This study was designed aiming to compare injuries related mortality and morbidity in Urban vs Rural settings among children...Background: The world’s population living in urban areas has grown up from 14% to over 50%. This study was designed aiming to compare injuries related mortality and morbidity in Urban vs Rural settings among children in Iran. Methods: Data were gathered from a household survey. A t-test was used to analyze the relationship between outcomes. Achievements: Injury in all ages accounts for 17% of all deaths in Iran. 20% of death in children is due to injuries. Children in urban settings sustain injuries due to traffic accident, airway blockage and fall from height more than rural children. About 63.5% of morbidity related to injuries occurs in private homes or in residential areas e.g. yards and compounds. In these injuries, no significant statistically difference was found between rural vs. urban setting (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Beside area level measures as an index for considering urbanization, other elements including quality of roads, distances from markets and so on should be considered as well. Safety for children is an important element to be provided prior to planning cities by urban developers. Expansion of the International Safe Community program is a potential solution.展开更多
Background: Low birth weight has been defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as weight at birth of less than 2500 grams. Any baby born prematurely is more likely to be small. However there are other factors th...Background: Low birth weight has been defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as weight at birth of less than 2500 grams. Any baby born prematurely is more likely to be small. However there are other factors that can also contribute to the risk of low birth weight, these include: race, mothers’ age, multiple births, mothers’ health and mothers of lower socioeconomic status. The incidence of low birth weight is monitored through both health system surveillance and household surveys. Among regions, South Asia has the highest incidence of low birth weight, with one in four newborns weighing less than 2500 grams. In a study in Iran the prevalence of LBW was estimated 7 percent (SD 95%), prevalence of LBW is different according to the geographical region. Methods: Demographic data got from mothers and children height and weight measured by trained staffs in and out of hospital and health facilities. Results: Total number of births in Iran in 2015 is 1,509,081 that from this 777,351 are male, 731,014 are female and 716 ambiguous. The percentage of LBW in male, female and ambiguous is 6.5, 7.7 and 53.9 respectively. The highest percent of LBW in female was related to Sistan Blochestan province with 12.6 and the lowest percent to Lorestan province with 5.6 percent. Discussion: According to the guidelines published by World Health Organization (WHO), any neonate with a birth weight less than 2500 grams is considered to be LBW. LBW and PTM are leading causes of adverse perinatal outcomes and are closely related to neonatal diseases and deaths. In the world, there are more than 20 million LBW infants born each year that 95.6% are born in developing countries. In the present study, the number of LBW neonate in male, female and ambiguous was 50,569, 55,972 and 386;the percentage of LBW in male, female and ambiguous was 6.5, 7.7 and 53.9 respectively. Regarding the prognosis of LBW, with development of perinatology, the survival rate of LBW infants has substantially increased. However, some adverse outcomes are still relatively common, especially long-term complications such as cerebral palsy, delayed neurodevelopment and visual and hearing impairments. Conclusions: The incidence of LBW in Iran is higher in deprived provinces such as Sistan Blochestan in southeast of Iran.展开更多
Background: Many developing countries are facing the problem of rapidly rising death rate from fatal accidents involving motorcycles. Objective: To determine the effect of participation and implementation of the World...Background: Many developing countries are facing the problem of rapidly rising death rate from fatal accidents involving motorcycles. Objective: To determine the effect of participation and implementation of the World Health Organization (WHO) Safe Community Programme on death rate from fatal motorcycle accidents. Methods: Motorcycle’ fatal accident data were obtained from forensic medicine departments and hospital records in 11 cities located in three provinces in Iran during 2006-2007. Data were analyzed using chi-square and ANOVA tests. Fidelity of the data was safeguarded by using national security coding for each individual involved in the accident. Results: The highest death rate was found in the Fars province followed by Khorasan and Bushehr provinces. In Fars province, the highest mortality rate was found in Niriz city, which did not implement the Safe Community Programme and the lowest death rate was reported from Arsanjan city participating in Safe Community. Similar results were found in the Khorasan province. In Busher province, the highest death rate was found in Busher city participating in the program and the lowest in Genaveh city—not participating in the program. Among sex and age groups, males aged 19 - 39 years old had a highest death rate. Half of the death occurred at the accident scene—25% during a transfer to the hospital and 25% of death occurred at the hospital. Conclusions: The Safe Community Programme is a promising model to prevent death from fatal motorcycle accidents in urban areas in Iran.展开更多
文摘Introduction: To adequately measure population health, a health information system is essential. The main rationale for collecting routine data on population health is to provide information and evidence for designing and assessing health programs and to ensure that their objectives are being met. Accidents are one of the most predictable issues that constitute a major social and economic burden amongst communities, particularly in developing countries such as Iran. Methods: Among the available data provided by health information system, data on mortality are commonly used not only as health indicators but also as socioeconomic development indices. In Iran, two organizations, the National Organization for Civil Registration (NOCR) and the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOH&ME) currently operate death registration systems. In this research, a cross-section of accident-cause of mortality data from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in the year 2004 to 2010 was employed. Results: The highest rate of injury caused deaths was due to road traffic accidents in all these years and in both sexes. Traffic accidents were first in the ranking of unintentional accidents, the next ranking were burns, sudden intoxication with drugs and toxicants and fall in order. The proportion of deaths due to accidents in relation to the total number of deaths due to unintentional injuries was 69.9 in 2006, 66.3 in 2007, 66.3 in 2008, 68.2 in 2009 and 65.5 in 2010. Discussion: From 2006 to 2010, two thirds of injury-caused deaths were related to transport accidents. Although no significant changes are observable in 5 years, we can observe a gradual decrease in death. Conclusion: As we can see in this research, the first rank in injuries is related to road traffic accidents. This should be as a priority for various organizations and policy makers should find an appropriate and logical solution to resolve this problem.
文摘Background: The world’s population living in urban areas has grown up from 14% to over 50%. This study was designed aiming to compare injuries related mortality and morbidity in Urban vs Rural settings among children in Iran. Methods: Data were gathered from a household survey. A t-test was used to analyze the relationship between outcomes. Achievements: Injury in all ages accounts for 17% of all deaths in Iran. 20% of death in children is due to injuries. Children in urban settings sustain injuries due to traffic accident, airway blockage and fall from height more than rural children. About 63.5% of morbidity related to injuries occurs in private homes or in residential areas e.g. yards and compounds. In these injuries, no significant statistically difference was found between rural vs. urban setting (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Beside area level measures as an index for considering urbanization, other elements including quality of roads, distances from markets and so on should be considered as well. Safety for children is an important element to be provided prior to planning cities by urban developers. Expansion of the International Safe Community program is a potential solution.
文摘Background: Low birth weight has been defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as weight at birth of less than 2500 grams. Any baby born prematurely is more likely to be small. However there are other factors that can also contribute to the risk of low birth weight, these include: race, mothers’ age, multiple births, mothers’ health and mothers of lower socioeconomic status. The incidence of low birth weight is monitored through both health system surveillance and household surveys. Among regions, South Asia has the highest incidence of low birth weight, with one in four newborns weighing less than 2500 grams. In a study in Iran the prevalence of LBW was estimated 7 percent (SD 95%), prevalence of LBW is different according to the geographical region. Methods: Demographic data got from mothers and children height and weight measured by trained staffs in and out of hospital and health facilities. Results: Total number of births in Iran in 2015 is 1,509,081 that from this 777,351 are male, 731,014 are female and 716 ambiguous. The percentage of LBW in male, female and ambiguous is 6.5, 7.7 and 53.9 respectively. The highest percent of LBW in female was related to Sistan Blochestan province with 12.6 and the lowest percent to Lorestan province with 5.6 percent. Discussion: According to the guidelines published by World Health Organization (WHO), any neonate with a birth weight less than 2500 grams is considered to be LBW. LBW and PTM are leading causes of adverse perinatal outcomes and are closely related to neonatal diseases and deaths. In the world, there are more than 20 million LBW infants born each year that 95.6% are born in developing countries. In the present study, the number of LBW neonate in male, female and ambiguous was 50,569, 55,972 and 386;the percentage of LBW in male, female and ambiguous was 6.5, 7.7 and 53.9 respectively. Regarding the prognosis of LBW, with development of perinatology, the survival rate of LBW infants has substantially increased. However, some adverse outcomes are still relatively common, especially long-term complications such as cerebral palsy, delayed neurodevelopment and visual and hearing impairments. Conclusions: The incidence of LBW in Iran is higher in deprived provinces such as Sistan Blochestan in southeast of Iran.
文摘Background: Many developing countries are facing the problem of rapidly rising death rate from fatal accidents involving motorcycles. Objective: To determine the effect of participation and implementation of the World Health Organization (WHO) Safe Community Programme on death rate from fatal motorcycle accidents. Methods: Motorcycle’ fatal accident data were obtained from forensic medicine departments and hospital records in 11 cities located in three provinces in Iran during 2006-2007. Data were analyzed using chi-square and ANOVA tests. Fidelity of the data was safeguarded by using national security coding for each individual involved in the accident. Results: The highest death rate was found in the Fars province followed by Khorasan and Bushehr provinces. In Fars province, the highest mortality rate was found in Niriz city, which did not implement the Safe Community Programme and the lowest death rate was reported from Arsanjan city participating in Safe Community. Similar results were found in the Khorasan province. In Busher province, the highest death rate was found in Busher city participating in the program and the lowest in Genaveh city—not participating in the program. Among sex and age groups, males aged 19 - 39 years old had a highest death rate. Half of the death occurred at the accident scene—25% during a transfer to the hospital and 25% of death occurred at the hospital. Conclusions: The Safe Community Programme is a promising model to prevent death from fatal motorcycle accidents in urban areas in Iran.
