Objective: To study the clinical features of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with tyrosine-methionine-aspartateaspartate (YMDD) mutation after lamivudine therapy. Methods: This investigation was a retrospective stu...Objective: To study the clinical features of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with tyrosine-methionine-aspartateaspartate (YMDD) mutation after lamivudine therapy. Methods: This investigation was a retrospective study of 63 CHB patients with YMDD mutation during lamivudine therapy. Clinical data, including period and types of YMDD mutation; hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels before and after YMDD mutation were measured. YMDD mutation in the HBV DNA polymerase gene was determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. HBV DNA quantification was determined using real-time PCR. Relevant serum markers of HBV were measured. The follow-up period was 12 months after YMDD mutation. Results: YMDD mutation occurred 7～44 months (median, 21.5 months) after the start of lamivudine therapy. The majority of the cases (42/63, 66.6%) had YMDD mutants detected between 12 and 24 months. Four types of YMDD mutation were observed in this study, rtL180M/M204V mutation was the predominant type (26/63, 41.3%). A proportion of patients (16/63, 25.4%; 12/63, 19.1%) had higher HBV DNA levels and ALT levels (after mutation vs before mutation),respectively. Conclusion: The majority of patients with YMDD mutants had similar or lower HBV DNA levels and ALT levels compared with baseline values. This subset of patients might have benefited from the continued lamivudine therapy. The patients with increased ALT and HBV DNA levels (breakthrough hepatitis) should benefit from the addition of a newer nucleotide analogue (e.g. adefovir).展开更多
The electrocatalysts of Pt/C, PtRu/C and Ru/C were prepared by the impregnation method. The facet characterization, the dispersion and the particle size for the catalysts were determined by means of X ray diffractio...The electrocatalysts of Pt/C, PtRu/C and Ru/C were prepared by the impregnation method. The facet characterization, the dispersion and the particle size for the catalysts were determined by means of X ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. X ray photoelectron spectroscopy was also used to analyze the state and the valency of the noble metals. The results show that the particle size was in nanometer range and the binary metals have come into being an alloy. The platinum in the catalysts existed in zero valency. The valency of the ruthenium on the surface is different from that in the body, while the ruthenium on the surface existed in oxide form. PtRu/C and Pt/C are of good activity to the electrooxidation of hydrogen except Ru/C. PtRu/C is more tolerant of CO than Pt/C, and CO is only adsorbed on Pt.展开更多
The measurement of temperature at the heated point is very important and difficult for the treatment of tumor using HIFU(High intensity focused ultrasound). According to the theory that the gray scale value varies wit...The measurement of temperature at the heated point is very important and difficult for the treatment of tumor using HIFU(High intensity focused ultrasound). According to the theory that the gray scale value varies with the ultrasound transmitting through different tissues at different temperatures, a set of experiment equipment was designed to describe the temperature field in tissues by using the characteristics of the ultrasonic image, and an experiment was carried out with fresh liver and muscle tissues of pigs in a temperature arrange of 26 ℃ to 64 ℃. The statistical curve of the experiment demonstrates: (1) The gray scales vary in accordance with the changes in the temperature of tissue and it is feasible to measure the temperature at the heated point by making use of the gray scale variations;(2) Non linearity is the characteristics of temperature changes and the gray scale of tissues at different temperature phases. Moreover, the gray scale varies from up to down phase at the same temperature phase;(3)The gray scale for the same temperature range varies with different tissues. An experimented formula is proposed for the measurement of fresh liver and muscle tissues of pigs.展开更多
A theoretical analysis of TCS is provided to explain the structure evolution along the filament during processing.This analysis based on the spinning process kinematics incorporates the constitutive equation of PET po...A theoretical analysis of TCS is provided to explain the structure evolution along the filament during processing.This analysis based on the spinning process kinematics incorporates the constitutive equation of PET polymer, a convection and radiation combining procedure in the thermal channel, and takinginto account the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics. The characteristics of the fiber so-produced are compared with those produced by HGS.展开更多
A facile glycosylation for the synthesis of spirostanol glycosides was reported. Using cadmium carbonate as a catalyst in CH3CN, a series of saponins was synthesized efficiently in a satisfactory yield.
The primer, AT For1, AT For2 and AT Back, are designed and synthesized for adding-PCR that is used to construct the fusion GST-AT gene. Depending on two-time adding-PCR amplification and the insertion of coding sequen...The primer, AT For1, AT For2 and AT Back, are designed and synthesized for adding-PCR that is used to construct the fusion GST-AT gene. Depending on two-time adding-PCR amplification and the insertion of coding sequence of octapeptide carbon skeleton into the 3 terminus of GST gene, the authors get the masculine recon, pGAT-1, confirmed by sequence determination and analysis, whose ORF is read-through. After IPTG induction and partial purification, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis is employed to detect the gene expression. The expressions of total bacterial proteins are about 21.3%, 22.5%, 19.32%, 21.73% in E. coli BL21, DH5α, JM109 and Top10 strains, respectively. Considering the quantity of induced total bacteria, the E. coli BL21 is the best one among the four recipient strains. This article supplies an academic foundation for producing biological active amatoxins.展开更多
Objective To study the influence of salivary lipids on the adherence of cariogenic bacteria (S.mutans Ingbritt and BF; S.sobrinus OMZ176 and 6715). Methods Mixed saliva was collected from 10 healthy subjects (5 males ...Objective To study the influence of salivary lipids on the adherence of cariogenic bacteria (S.mutans Ingbritt and BF; S.sobrinus OMZ176 and 6715). Methods Mixed saliva was collected from 10 healthy subjects (5 males and 5 females, aged 21～23). The salivary lipids was depleted under nondenatural condition (-10℃, ethanol∶ether 3∶2 V∶V ). The adherence of S.mutans and S.sobrinus to the experimental pellicles formed from mixed saliva or lipids-depleted saliva was investigated with 3H-TdR incorperation assay. Results The amount of S.mutans Ingbritt and BF adhered to lipids-depleted pellicle were significantly increased ( P <0.05). The amount of experimental bacteria adhered to lipids-depleted pellicle or mixed salivary pellicle were following the regular pattern: Ingbritt>BF>OMZ176>6715. Conclusion Salivary lipids significantly decreased the number of S.mutans adhered to pellicle.展开更多
Conditional Access （CA） System is the essential basis of a Pay-TV System to charge the subscribers. This paper first introduces the standards and mechanisms for a Set-Top-Box（STB）to receive programs scrambled by d...Conditional Access （CA） System is the essential basis of a Pay-TV System to charge the subscribers. This paper first introduces the standards and mechanisms for a Set-Top-Box（STB）to receive programs scrambled by different CA systems. Then, according to DVB multicrypt solution, a design in detail for such a DVB receiver, I.e. STB is presented. Decoder manufacturers provide STBs with the standard DVB common interface and CA system providers provide detachable CA modules to plug into the STBs through Common Interface. This solution allows broadcasters and customers to change CA system without replacing the STB. Such a design has been implemented in a decoder based on LSI SC2000, and is proved to be an open and secure solution for conditional access.展开更多
Using AFM,we observed linear chain-like complexes formed by some specific proteins and the multi-mRNAs during the in vitro expression of some active genes on the DNA fragments. The LDH mRNA in the multi-mRNA complex c...Using AFM,we observed linear chain-like complexes formed by some specific proteins and the multi-mRNAs during the in vitro expression of some active genes on the DNA fragments. The LDH mRNA in the multi-mRNA complex can in vitro translate LDH. Via AFM, we also discovered that nmRNA prepared from heart muscles, along with some specific proteins can form linear chain-like nmRNA complexes in which LDH mRNA can also translate LDH in vitro. Our work shows the prospective application of AFM in the research of the biological reaction of the active genes on the DNA fragments.展开更多
Summary: The vacuolated effect of Helicobacter (H. pylori) and its relationship to vacuolated cytotoxin antigen (VacA) were investigated by the method of cytotoxic test and SDS-pobyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-...Summary: The vacuolated effect of Helicobacter (H. pylori) and its relationship to vacuolated cytotoxin antigen (VacA) were investigated by the method of cytotoxic test and SDS-pobyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Of the 62 clinical isolates, the broth culture filter (BCF) of 43 strains caused the Vero cell intracytoplasmically vacuolated. H. pylori strains were divided into H. pylori (Toxin +) group with vacuolated effect and H. pylori (Toxin -) group without vacuolated effect. The analysis of the BCF of H. pylori (Toxin +) and that of H. pylori (Toxin -) was studied by SDS-PAGE and Scan reader. A kind of protein with 87 ku molecular weight was recognized in the BCF of 30.23 % (13/43) H. pylori (Toxin +) strains but in none of that of H. pylori (Toxin -) strains, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was a significant and concordant relationship between OD of the protein band with 87 ku molecular weight and titer of vacuolated activity of H. pylori(Toxin +) (r=0.67 and P<0.05 by linear regression analysis). H. pylori strains were divided into H. pylori (Toxin +) group with vacuolated effect and H. pylori (Toxin -) group without vacuolated effect. The vacuolated effect of H. pylori (Toxin +) was caused by the protein with 87 ku molecular weight (VacA)展开更多
We consider the problem of scheduling n jobs in a pallet-constrained flow shop so as to minimize the makespan.In such a flow shop environment,each job needs a pallet the entire time,from the start of its first operati...We consider the problem of scheduling n jobs in a pallet-constrained flow shop so as to minimize the makespan.In such a flow shop environment,each job needs a pallet the entire time,from the start of its first operation until the completion of the last operation,and the number of pallets in the shop at any given time is limited by a positive integer,K≤n.Generally speaking,the optimal schedules may be passing schedules.In this paper,we present a combinatorial property which shows that for two machines,K(K≥3）pallets,there exists a no-passing schedule which is an optimal schedule for n≤2K-1 and 2K-1 is tight.展开更多
文摘Objective: To study the clinical features of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with tyrosine-methionine-aspartateaspartate (YMDD) mutation after lamivudine therapy. Methods: This investigation was a retrospective study of 63 CHB patients with YMDD mutation during lamivudine therapy. Clinical data, including period and types of YMDD mutation; hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels before and after YMDD mutation were measured. YMDD mutation in the HBV DNA polymerase gene was determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. HBV DNA quantification was determined using real-time PCR. Relevant serum markers of HBV were measured. The follow-up period was 12 months after YMDD mutation. Results: YMDD mutation occurred 7～44 months (median, 21.5 months) after the start of lamivudine therapy. The majority of the cases (42/63, 66.6%) had YMDD mutants detected between 12 and 24 months. Four types of YMDD mutation were observed in this study, rtL180M/M204V mutation was the predominant type (26/63, 41.3%). A proportion of patients (16/63, 25.4%; 12/63, 19.1%) had higher HBV DNA levels and ALT levels (after mutation vs before mutation),respectively. Conclusion: The majority of patients with YMDD mutants had similar or lower HBV DNA levels and ALT levels compared with baseline values. This subset of patients might have benefited from the continued lamivudine therapy. The patients with increased ALT and HBV DNA levels (breakthrough hepatitis) should benefit from the addition of a newer nucleotide analogue (e.g. adefovir).
基金Supported by the National 973project(No.G2 0 0 0 0 2 6 4 10 ) and Inovation Funds of Dalian Insitute of Chem icalPhysics
文摘The electrocatalysts of Pt/C, PtRu/C and Ru/C were prepared by the impregnation method. The facet characterization, the dispersion and the particle size for the catalysts were determined by means of X ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. X ray photoelectron spectroscopy was also used to analyze the state and the valency of the noble metals. The results show that the particle size was in nanometer range and the binary metals have come into being an alloy. The platinum in the catalysts existed in zero valency. The valency of the ruthenium on the surface is different from that in the body, while the ruthenium on the surface existed in oxide form. PtRu/C and Pt/C are of good activity to the electrooxidation of hydrogen except Ru/C. PtRu/C is more tolerant of CO than Pt/C, and CO is only adsorbed on Pt.
文摘The measurement of temperature at the heated point is very important and difficult for the treatment of tumor using HIFU(High intensity focused ultrasound). According to the theory that the gray scale value varies with the ultrasound transmitting through different tissues at different temperatures, a set of experiment equipment was designed to describe the temperature field in tissues by using the characteristics of the ultrasonic image, and an experiment was carried out with fresh liver and muscle tissues of pigs in a temperature arrange of 26 ℃ to 64 ℃. The statistical curve of the experiment demonstrates: (1) The gray scales vary in accordance with the changes in the temperature of tissue and it is feasible to measure the temperature at the heated point by making use of the gray scale variations;(2) Non linearity is the characteristics of temperature changes and the gray scale of tissues at different temperature phases. Moreover, the gray scale varies from up to down phase at the same temperature phase;(3)The gray scale for the same temperature range varies with different tissues. An experimented formula is proposed for the measurement of fresh liver and muscle tissues of pigs.
文摘A theoretical analysis of TCS is provided to explain the structure evolution along the filament during processing.This analysis based on the spinning process kinematics incorporates the constitutive equation of PET polymer, a convection and radiation combining procedure in the thermal channel, and takinginto account the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics. The characteristics of the fiber so-produced are compared with those produced by HGS.
文摘A facile glycosylation for the synthesis of spirostanol glycosides was reported. Using cadmium carbonate as a catalyst in CH3CN, a series of saponins was synthesized efficiently in a satisfactory yield.
文摘The primer, AT For1, AT For2 and AT Back, are designed and synthesized for adding-PCR that is used to construct the fusion GST-AT gene. Depending on two-time adding-PCR amplification and the insertion of coding sequence of octapeptide carbon skeleton into the 3 terminus of GST gene, the authors get the masculine recon, pGAT-1, confirmed by sequence determination and analysis, whose ORF is read-through. After IPTG induction and partial purification, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis is employed to detect the gene expression. The expressions of total bacterial proteins are about 21.3%, 22.5%, 19.32%, 21.73% in E. coli BL21, DH5α, JM109 and Top10 strains, respectively. Considering the quantity of induced total bacteria, the E. coli BL21 is the best one among the four recipient strains. This article supplies an academic foundation for producing biological active amatoxins.
文摘Objective To study the influence of salivary lipids on the adherence of cariogenic bacteria (S.mutans Ingbritt and BF; S.sobrinus OMZ176 and 6715). Methods Mixed saliva was collected from 10 healthy subjects (5 males and 5 females, aged 21～23). The salivary lipids was depleted under nondenatural condition (-10℃, ethanol∶ether 3∶2 V∶V ). The adherence of S.mutans and S.sobrinus to the experimental pellicles formed from mixed saliva or lipids-depleted saliva was investigated with 3H-TdR incorperation assay. Results The amount of S.mutans Ingbritt and BF adhered to lipids-depleted pellicle were significantly increased ( P <0.05). The amount of experimental bacteria adhered to lipids-depleted pellicle or mixed salivary pellicle were following the regular pattern: Ingbritt>BF>OMZ176>6715. Conclusion Salivary lipids significantly decreased the number of S.mutans adhered to pellicle.
文摘Conditional Access （CA） System is the essential basis of a Pay-TV System to charge the subscribers. This paper first introduces the standards and mechanisms for a Set-Top-Box（STB）to receive programs scrambled by different CA systems. Then, according to DVB multicrypt solution, a design in detail for such a DVB receiver, I.e. STB is presented. Decoder manufacturers provide STBs with the standard DVB common interface and CA system providers provide detachable CA modules to plug into the STBs through Common Interface. This solution allows broadcasters and customers to change CA system without replacing the STB. Such a design has been implemented in a decoder based on LSI SC2000, and is proved to be an open and secure solution for conditional access.
文摘Using AFM,we observed linear chain-like complexes formed by some specific proteins and the multi-mRNAs during the in vitro expression of some active genes on the DNA fragments. The LDH mRNA in the multi-mRNA complex can in vitro translate LDH. Via AFM, we also discovered that nmRNA prepared from heart muscles, along with some specific proteins can form linear chain-like nmRNA complexes in which LDH mRNA can also translate LDH in vitro. Our work shows the prospective application of AFM in the research of the biological reaction of the active genes on the DNA fragments.
基金This work was supported by a grant from National NaturalScience Foundation of China(No. 395 70 334 )
文摘Summary: The vacuolated effect of Helicobacter (H. pylori) and its relationship to vacuolated cytotoxin antigen (VacA) were investigated by the method of cytotoxic test and SDS-pobyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Of the 62 clinical isolates, the broth culture filter (BCF) of 43 strains caused the Vero cell intracytoplasmically vacuolated. H. pylori strains were divided into H. pylori (Toxin +) group with vacuolated effect and H. pylori (Toxin -) group without vacuolated effect. The analysis of the BCF of H. pylori (Toxin +) and that of H. pylori (Toxin -) was studied by SDS-PAGE and Scan reader. A kind of protein with 87 ku molecular weight was recognized in the BCF of 30.23 % (13/43) H. pylori (Toxin +) strains but in none of that of H. pylori (Toxin -) strains, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was a significant and concordant relationship between OD of the protein band with 87 ku molecular weight and titer of vacuolated activity of H. pylori(Toxin +) (r=0.67 and P<0.05 by linear regression analysis). H. pylori strains were divided into H. pylori (Toxin +) group with vacuolated effect and H. pylori (Toxin -) group without vacuolated effect. The vacuolated effect of H. pylori (Toxin +) was caused by the protein with 87 ku molecular weight (VacA)
基金This author is supported by Netherlands organization for international cooperation in high education.
文摘We consider the problem of scheduling n jobs in a pallet-constrained flow shop so as to minimize the makespan.In such a flow shop environment,each job needs a pallet the entire time,from the start of its first operation until the completion of the last operation,and the number of pallets in the shop at any given time is limited by a positive integer,K≤n.Generally speaking,the optimal schedules may be passing schedules.In this paper,we present a combinatorial property which shows that for two machines,K(K≥3）pallets,there exists a no-passing schedule which is an optimal schedule for n≤2K-1 and 2K-1 is tight.
