【目的】探究高粱耐盐胁迫响应机制,挖掘高粱耐盐胁迫基因,为高粱耐盐育种提供理论基础。【方法】以高粱感盐品种L甜和耐盐品种石红137为供试材料,采用水培试验。待高粱植株长至三叶一心期,使用2%NaCl溶液对幼苗进行盐胁迫,分别设置0(对...【目的】探究高粱耐盐胁迫响应机制,挖掘高粱耐盐胁迫基因,为高粱耐盐育种提供理论基础。【方法】以高粱感盐品种L甜和耐盐品种石红137为供试材料,采用水培试验。待高粱植株长至三叶一心期,使用2%NaCl溶液对幼苗进行盐胁迫,分别设置0(对照)、1和24 h处理,每个处理3次重复。测定不同处理样品株高、根长、干物重、Na+含量和叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值),并依托Illumina HiSeq 2000平台进行转录组测序分析。利用FPKM方法计算基因表达量,在差异表达基因检测过程中,将差异表达倍数(fold change)≥2且FDR<0.001作为筛选标准。通过Gene Ontology和KEGG Pathway数据库对参与高粱不同时间盐胁迫差异表达基因进行分析注释。【结果】盐胁迫处理对高粱株高、根长、干物重等性状无显著影响,对钠离子含量和SPAD值影响显著。石红137株高、根长、钠离子含量和SPAD值均高于L甜。转录组测序结果鉴定得到已知基因26628个,新基因866个。石红137中的差异基因数目高于L甜。石红137中,0 h VS 1 h、0 h VS 24 h、1 h VS 24 h三组的差异基因数目分别为375、4206和3750个。感盐品种L甜中,0 h VS 1 h、0 h VS 24 h、1 h VS 24 h三组的差异基因数目分别为167、2534和1612个。GO分析共获得25个功能注释,分别为光合作用、细胞物质代谢、翻译过程以及激素合成等与盐胁迫相关的差异表达基因。KEGG分析发现盐胁迫1 h表达差异基因富集在植物激素信号转导途径,涉及脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)、生长素(auxin,AUX)、细胞分裂素(cytokinin,CTK)、赤霉素(gibberellins,GS)、乙烯(ethylene,ETH)过程等共71个基因。盐胁迫24 h表达差异基因富集于光合作用相关途径,涉及Lhca、Lhcb、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase,PPC)、磷酸核酮糖激酶(phosphorylribonucleic kinase,PRK)等20个基因。类黄酮生物合成代谢途径差异可能是引起石红137和L甜的耐盐能力差异的原因之一,花青素还原酶(anthocyanidin reductase,ANR)和黄酮醇合成酶(flavonol synthase,FLS)参与类黄酮生物合成途径。【结论】高粱的盐胁迫过程是一个复杂的生物过程,依赖于多个基因在复杂网络中的平衡表达。盐胁迫条件下,高粱应对环境刺激受到激素信号转导和光合作用的控制。类黄酮生物合成途径在耐盐品种中起到了重要作用。展开更多
[ Objective] The paper was to optimize the optimal conditions for seed germination and seedling emergence of green foxtail [ Setar/a viridis （ L. ） Beauv. ], so as to solve the problem of serious damage caused by gr...[ Objective] The paper was to optimize the optimal conditions for seed germination and seedling emergence of green foxtail [ Setar/a viridis （ L. ） Beauv. ], so as to solve the problem of serious damage caused by green foxtail. [Method] Using the orthogenal test and the LSD method of software SPSS 18.0, with the number of emerged seedlings of green foxtail as the evaluation index, the influencing factors such as pretreatment of green foxtail, earth covering depth, soil temperature and soil moisture content were compared in the test. [Result] These four experimental factors had great impact on seed germination characteristics of green foxtail. The optimal scheme for seedling emergence of green foxtail was as follows： pretreatment of green foxtail for 3 d, earth covering depth 0.5 cm, soil temperature 32 ℃, soil moisture content 15%. The optimum condition was consistent with the actual situation of serious damage of green foxtail （ suffering moderate and heavy rainfall after sowing and before seedling of millet ）. Avoiding sowing millet before moderate and heavy rainfall could effectively control serious damage of green fox＇tail. [ Conclusion] The study provided theoretical support for effective control against the vicious weed green foxtail.展开更多
According to the summary of experiments for many years, application scope, prevention and control principle and objects of technical regulation for integrated prevention and control of weeds in millet fields, as well ...According to the summary of experiments for many years, application scope, prevention and control principle and objects of technical regulation for integrated prevention and control of weeds in millet fields, as well as integrated control technologies including agricultural control, physical control and chemical control were studied, and the specific methods and technical indicators were determined.展开更多
The paper was to study the effects of seeding rate, water and fertilizer （ N, P, K） coupling on grass yield of forage millet Jigu No. 18 （Setaria itlica）. A quadratic regression otthogonal rotation combination wit...The paper was to study the effects of seeding rate, water and fertilizer （ N, P, K） coupling on grass yield of forage millet Jigu No. 18 （Setaria itlica）. A quadratic regression otthogonal rotation combination with five factors was designed in pot experiment. The mathematical model between hay yield of forage millet （Y） and soil moisture content （ x1 ）, N fertilizer （x2 ）, P fertilizer （x3 ）, K fertilizer （x4） and seeding rate （x5 ） was established to simulate optimization. The results showed that moisture content, seeding rate, P fertilizer and K fertilizer had important effects on hay yield. Soil moisture content had the biggest impact on yield, followed by seeding rate, P and K fertilizer. The coupling effects of various factors successively were moisture content / seeding rate 〉 K fertil- izer/seeding rate 〉 N / P fertilizer 〉 soil moisture/N fertilizer 〉 soil moisture/ P fertilizer. Moreover, the mathematical model, Y = 20 543. 756 - 565. 570xI -39. 942x2 -23. 102x3 -38. 470x4 - 151. 877x5 ＋ 1. 052x^x2 ＋ 1. 604xIx3 ＋ 12. 953xt x5 - 0. 173x2x3 ＋ 0. 737x4x5 - 2. 292x5^2, was established. The optimum soil moisture and seeding rate were determined as 10% andl5 kg/hm2, respectively. In this scheme, the hay yield was 14 037. 151 0 kg/hm^2 and the economic benefit was 13 887.15 yuan/hm^2 ; the income was increased by 23.68% （ 3 288.98 yuan/hm^2 ） compared to the optimal combination in the test. The results provided a theoretical basis and technical support for forage millet production in Hebei Province.展开更多
Weed management in summer season foxtall millet field was studied by evaluating weed damage and exploring competition between weeds and foxtail millet, and a few fitting models were simulated and compared by employing...Weed management in summer season foxtall millet field was studied by evaluating weed damage and exploring competition between weeds and foxtail millet, and a few fitting models were simulated and compared by employing field plot experiment and nonlinear regression analysis. The results showed that the millet yield losses and weed density were extremely significantly correlated. Among the tested models, the determination coefficient （ R2 ） of hyperbolic model was 0.997 12, and minimum residual sum of squares was 16.174, which was considered the optimal model to simulate the competition relation between weeds and millet. The predicted equation was Y = d/（ 1. 733 ＋ 0. 018d） ; the interspecific competitiveness of weeds was 0. 577 0 and the intraspecific competitiveness was 0.010 3 ; the maximum loss rate of millet yield was 55.56%. This study had established an analysis model with high gcodness-of-fit and practical prediction which could help weed management in summer season millet field.展开更多
[ Objective] The paper was to establish a quick and effective indoor identification method of sorghum resistance to aphid uninfluenced by seasons. [ Method] Based on the indoor reproduction technique of aphids, the so...[ Objective] The paper was to establish a quick and effective indoor identification method of sorghum resistance to aphid uninfluenced by seasons. [ Method] Based on the indoor reproduction technique of aphids, the sorghum varieties with different resistant performances against aphids in fields were conducted inoculation test in the laboratory according to different seedling culture media, different survey periods of aphid quantity, different leaf ages for inoculation, different inoculation quantity of aphids and different aphid sizes. Three hundred sorghum materials were identified in both laboratory and field. [ Result ] The number of aphids per seedling on the fifth day after inoculation gave the best score of plant resistance to sorghum aphid by using the loam as the seedling culture media, and inoculating three different sizes of aphids in seedlings at two-leaf stage. Thus, the indoor identification technique of resistance to sorghum aphids was as follows ： （ 1 ） sorghum seeds were sown in loam at room temperature of 22 - 26 ℃ and air humidity of 55% - 75% ; （2） three aphids with different sizes were inoculated in scedIings at two-leaf stage; （3） the number of aphids per seeding were surveyed on the fifth day after inoculation; （4） plant resistance to sorghum aphid was evalu- ated according to number of aphids per seedling on the fifth day after inoculation. The resistant grade of sorghum variety was evaluated according to distribution of aphid quantity per seedling in a 100-seedlings population. The resistance materials identified by indoor method at seedling stage had consistent performance with fidd identification. [ Conclusion] The method could be used for resistance identification of sorghum varieties and hybrids, and accurate identification and selectlon of individual resistance of hybrid offspring, which could improve selection efficiency of individual resistant plant against aphids in hybrid offspring and identification accuracy of individual resistant plant among molecular marker population.展开更多
文摘【目的】探究高粱耐盐胁迫响应机制,挖掘高粱耐盐胁迫基因,为高粱耐盐育种提供理论基础。【方法】以高粱感盐品种L甜和耐盐品种石红137为供试材料,采用水培试验。待高粱植株长至三叶一心期,使用2%NaCl溶液对幼苗进行盐胁迫,分别设置0(对照)、1和24 h处理,每个处理3次重复。测定不同处理样品株高、根长、干物重、Na+含量和叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值),并依托Illumina HiSeq 2000平台进行转录组测序分析。利用FPKM方法计算基因表达量,在差异表达基因检测过程中,将差异表达倍数(fold change)≥2且FDR<0.001作为筛选标准。通过Gene Ontology和KEGG Pathway数据库对参与高粱不同时间盐胁迫差异表达基因进行分析注释。【结果】盐胁迫处理对高粱株高、根长、干物重等性状无显著影响,对钠离子含量和SPAD值影响显著。石红137株高、根长、钠离子含量和SPAD值均高于L甜。转录组测序结果鉴定得到已知基因26628个,新基因866个。石红137中的差异基因数目高于L甜。石红137中,0 h VS 1 h、0 h VS 24 h、1 h VS 24 h三组的差异基因数目分别为375、4206和3750个。感盐品种L甜中,0 h VS 1 h、0 h VS 24 h、1 h VS 24 h三组的差异基因数目分别为167、2534和1612个。GO分析共获得25个功能注释,分别为光合作用、细胞物质代谢、翻译过程以及激素合成等与盐胁迫相关的差异表达基因。KEGG分析发现盐胁迫1 h表达差异基因富集在植物激素信号转导途径,涉及脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)、生长素(auxin,AUX)、细胞分裂素(cytokinin,CTK)、赤霉素(gibberellins,GS)、乙烯(ethylene,ETH)过程等共71个基因。盐胁迫24 h表达差异基因富集于光合作用相关途径,涉及Lhca、Lhcb、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase,PPC)、磷酸核酮糖激酶(phosphorylribonucleic kinase,PRK)等20个基因。类黄酮生物合成代谢途径差异可能是引起石红137和L甜的耐盐能力差异的原因之一,花青素还原酶(anthocyanidin reductase,ANR)和黄酮醇合成酶(flavonol synthase,FLS)参与类黄酮生物合成途径。【结论】高粱的盐胁迫过程是一个复杂的生物过程,依赖于多个基因在复杂网络中的平衡表达。盐胁迫条件下,高粱应对环境刺激受到激素信号转导和光合作用的控制。类黄酮生物合成途径在耐盐品种中起到了重要作用。
基金Supported by Science and Technology Support Program of Hebei Province(09250307D)Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(20120304201)
文摘[ Objective] The paper was to optimize the optimal conditions for seed germination and seedling emergence of green foxtail [ Setar/a viridis （ L. ） Beauv. ], so as to solve the problem of serious damage caused by green foxtail. [Method] Using the orthogenal test and the LSD method of software SPSS 18.0, with the number of emerged seedlings of green foxtail as the evaluation index, the influencing factors such as pretreatment of green foxtail, earth covering depth, soil temperature and soil moisture content were compared in the test. [Result] These four experimental factors had great impact on seed germination characteristics of green foxtail. The optimal scheme for seedling emergence of green foxtail was as follows： pretreatment of green foxtail for 3 d, earth covering depth 0.5 cm, soil temperature 32 ℃, soil moisture content 15%. The optimum condition was consistent with the actual situation of serious damage of green foxtail （ suffering moderate and heavy rainfall after sowing and before seedling of millet ）. Avoiding sowing millet before moderate and heavy rainfall could effectively control serious damage of green fox＇tail. [ Conclusion] The study provided theoretical support for effective control against the vicious weed green foxtail.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(20120304201)Key Technology R&D Program of Hebei Province(09250307D)
文摘According to the summary of experiments for many years, application scope, prevention and control principle and objects of technical regulation for integrated prevention and control of weeds in millet fields, as well as integrated control technologies including agricultural control, physical control and chemical control were studied, and the specific methods and technical indicators were determined.
基金Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest Research and Demonstration of Development and Utilization Technology of Forage Feed Resources in Pastoral Areas(20120304201)
文摘The paper was to study the effects of seeding rate, water and fertilizer （ N, P, K） coupling on grass yield of forage millet Jigu No. 18 （Setaria itlica）. A quadratic regression otthogonal rotation combination with five factors was designed in pot experiment. The mathematical model between hay yield of forage millet （Y） and soil moisture content （ x1 ）, N fertilizer （x2 ）, P fertilizer （x3 ）, K fertilizer （x4） and seeding rate （x5 ） was established to simulate optimization. The results showed that moisture content, seeding rate, P fertilizer and K fertilizer had important effects on hay yield. Soil moisture content had the biggest impact on yield, followed by seeding rate, P and K fertilizer. The coupling effects of various factors successively were moisture content / seeding rate 〉 K fertil- izer/seeding rate 〉 N / P fertilizer 〉 soil moisture/N fertilizer 〉 soil moisture/ P fertilizer. Moreover, the mathematical model, Y = 20 543. 756 - 565. 570xI -39. 942x2 -23. 102x3 -38. 470x4 - 151. 877x5 ＋ 1. 052x^x2 ＋ 1. 604xIx3 ＋ 12. 953xt x5 - 0. 173x2x3 ＋ 0. 737x4x5 - 2. 292x5^2, was established. The optimum soil moisture and seeding rate were determined as 10% andl5 kg/hm2, respectively. In this scheme, the hay yield was 14 037. 151 0 kg/hm^2 and the economic benefit was 13 887.15 yuan/hm^2 ; the income was increased by 23.68% （ 3 288.98 yuan/hm^2 ） compared to the optimal combination in the test. The results provided a theoretical basis and technical support for forage millet production in Hebei Province.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Support Program of Hebei Province(09250307D)Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (20120304201)
文摘Weed management in summer season foxtall millet field was studied by evaluating weed damage and exploring competition between weeds and foxtail millet, and a few fitting models were simulated and compared by employing field plot experiment and nonlinear regression analysis. The results showed that the millet yield losses and weed density were extremely significantly correlated. Among the tested models, the determination coefficient （ R2 ） of hyperbolic model was 0.997 12, and minimum residual sum of squares was 16.174, which was considered the optimal model to simulate the competition relation between weeds and millet. The predicted equation was Y = d/（ 1. 733 ＋ 0. 018d） ; the interspecific competitiveness of weeds was 0. 577 0 and the intraspecific competitiveness was 0.010 3 ; the maximum loss rate of millet yield was 55.56%. This study had established an analysis model with high gcodness-of-fit and practical prediction which could help weed management in summer season millet field.
基金Supported by National Sorghum Industrial Technology System(CARS-06-0409)Hebei Science and Technology Support Program(13226301D)Scientific and Technological Activity Project of Hebei Human Resources and Social Security Department for Overseas Students
文摘[ Objective] The paper was to establish a quick and effective indoor identification method of sorghum resistance to aphid uninfluenced by seasons. [ Method] Based on the indoor reproduction technique of aphids, the sorghum varieties with different resistant performances against aphids in fields were conducted inoculation test in the laboratory according to different seedling culture media, different survey periods of aphid quantity, different leaf ages for inoculation, different inoculation quantity of aphids and different aphid sizes. Three hundred sorghum materials were identified in both laboratory and field. [ Result ] The number of aphids per seedling on the fifth day after inoculation gave the best score of plant resistance to sorghum aphid by using the loam as the seedling culture media, and inoculating three different sizes of aphids in seedlings at two-leaf stage. Thus, the indoor identification technique of resistance to sorghum aphids was as follows ： （ 1 ） sorghum seeds were sown in loam at room temperature of 22 - 26 ℃ and air humidity of 55% - 75% ; （2） three aphids with different sizes were inoculated in scedIings at two-leaf stage; （3） the number of aphids per seeding were surveyed on the fifth day after inoculation; （4） plant resistance to sorghum aphid was evalu- ated according to number of aphids per seedling on the fifth day after inoculation. The resistant grade of sorghum variety was evaluated according to distribution of aphid quantity per seedling in a 100-seedlings population. The resistance materials identified by indoor method at seedling stage had consistent performance with fidd identification. [ Conclusion] The method could be used for resistance identification of sorghum varieties and hybrids, and accurate identification and selectlon of individual resistance of hybrid offspring, which could improve selection efficiency of individual resistant plant against aphids in hybrid offspring and identification accuracy of individual resistant plant among molecular marker population.
